The problem of this study was to describe, by use of a questionnaire and selected testing instruments, mature college women enrolled in undergraduate curricula at a state supported university in the Dallas-Fort Worth metropolitan area. Factors of marital status, major fields of study, children, employment patterns age, part time and full time enrollment, family attitudes, regarding continuing education, and membership in ethnic groups were included in this study.

Body image may be defined as the perception or attitude one has regarding the appearance of his or her body. Body image concerns are not only central to the diagnostic criteria of eating disorders, but also create distress for nonclinical populations. Females (n = 167) from three universities participated in a study by completing the Eating Disorder Inventory - 2 (Garner, 1991) and the Figure Rating Scale (Stunkard, Sorenson, & Schulsinger, 1983); watching a video; and then completing the instruments again. Subjects in the treatment group (n = 89) viewed a video designed to increase awareness of unrealistic body sizes and shapes seen in the media (Kilbourne, 1995). Subjects in the comparison group (n = 77) viewed a video unrelated to female body image.

The primary purpose of the present study was to investigate factors associated with childhood sexual abuse which mediate long-term effects. Of particular interest were the mediators of disclosure and its perceived impact, as well as variables related to the severity of the abuse. Also of interest were impact areas related to a history of molestation which have received little attention in the literature. Five hundred and seventy-five female undergraduates completed an extensive questionnaire with measures of family background, childhood and adult sexual experiences, health status, and psychological variables. Of these subjects, 286 reported at least one incident of child sexual abuse. It was hypothesized that those females with histories of sexual abuse who received a positive response to their disclosure of abuse would demonstrate more adaptive adult functioning as compared to those victims receiving a negative response, or those who never disclosed. Significant differences were not detected among the three groups on the outcome measures. A number of reasons were explored for why these differences may not have been detected in the present investigation. Although differences were not detected for disclosure status, significant differences were detected between females reporting a history of child sexual abuse and those reporting no abuse on all of the outcome measures. Specifically, sexual abuse victims were more likely than nonvictims to be sexually revictimized in adulthood. Potential explanations for this finding were explored in a discriminant function analysis predicting revictimization status. Further, abused females had significantly higher levels of depression, dissociation, and perceptual disturbances when compared to their nonabused peers. Sexual abuse victims also reported more health symptoms across various bodily systems and had more negative attributions about their physical health status. Differences between the abused and nonabused groups on levels of perceptual disturbance and perceived physical health status are particularly noteworthy since previous research has detected these symptoms only through clinical samples.

The purpose of the investigation was to determine the interrelationships of strength, speed, power and anthropometric measures in women. Sixty females ranging in ages from 18 to 25 volunteered as subjects. Subjects were measured for strength on the bench press, leg extension and leg curl, power vertical jump, speed--a 40 yard dash, body weight (BW) and fat weight (FW) using a scale and skinfold tests. The correlations for strength and power (.35 to .53), strength and speed (-.37 to -.56) and speed and power (-.45) were significant (p < .01). Partial correlations with (BW) and (FW) held constant were also significant, but were not significantly greater than their zero-order correlations.

Typescript (photocopy). / Digitized by Kansas State University Libraries / Department: Foods and Nutrition.

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1986 M32 / Master of Science / Human Nutrition

Orientador: José Sterza Justo / Banca: Mary Yoko Okamoto / Banca: Paulo Roberto de Carvalho / Resumo: Este estudo aborda o fenômeno da moradia unipessoal enquanto reflexo dos pressupostos do projeto da modernidade, a saber, a individualização e o processo de urbanização. Adotando o recorte teórico da primeira geração da Escola de Chicago, procuramos localizar a continuidade presente entre esses dois conceitos, ou seja, o modo como as condições urbanas perpetuam um sentido maior de individualidade para os sujeitos. Com a finalidade de oferecer uma referência desse processo, investigamos a popularização da escolha por morar só entre jovens universitários numa cidade de médio porte do interior paulista, Assis/SP. Além do levantamento bibliográfico sobre o tema, uma pesquisa de campo foi desenvolvida em duas etapas, a saber: levantamento quantitativo a respeito da prevalência dos tipos de moradia entre os estudantes; e, por fim, a etapa qualitativa, que compreendeu entrevistas com estudantes que moram sozinhos(as), a fim de levantar as experiências e sentidos relacionados à escolha desse estilo de vida. Como resultado, encontramos que especificidades locais reeditam pressupostos da modernidade. Aproximando-se das experiências dos sujeitos da pesquisa, notamos que os valores familiares ainda representam um importante alicerce na sociabilidade brasileira, ao passo que a organização do espaço urbano transparece com maior nitidez um direcionamento espacial individualizante / Abstract: This study deals with the phenomenon of living alone as a reflection of the presuppositions of the modernity project, namely individualization and the urbanization process. Adopting the first theoretical generation of the Chicago School, we aim to identify the continuity between these two concepts, that is, the way urban conditions perpetuate a greater sense of individuality for the subjects. In order to provide a reference of this process, we investigated the popularization of the choice for living alone among university students in a medium-sized city of São Paulo State, Assis/SP. In addition to the bibliographic survey on the subject, a field research was developed in two stages, namely: quantitative survey regarding the prevalence of housing types among students; and, finally, the qualitative stage, which included interviews with students who live alone, in order to bring up the experiences and senses related to the choice of this lifestyle. As a result, we find that local specificities reprint the assumptions of modernity. Approaching the experiences of the research subjects, we note that family values still represent an important foundation in Brazilian sociability, while the organization of urban space shows more clearly an individualising spatial orientation / Mestre

The purposes of this study were to examine the associations between (a) self-objectification, (b) body shame, (c) appearance anxiety, and (d) exercise dependence. Participants (N = 155) completed a demographic questionnaire and a survey packet including the Body Surveillance subscale and Body Shame subscale of the Objectified Body Consciousness Scale, Appearance Anxiety Scale, Eating Attitudes Test 26, and the Exercise Dependence Scale. Correlations were conducted revealing associations between self-objectification, body shame, appearance anxiety, and eating attitudes. Associations were also found between body shame and exercise dependence. Partial correlations were conducting revealing body shame and appearance anxiety mediated the relationship between self-objectification and eating attitudes. Body shame also mediated the relationship between self-objectification and exercise dependence.

Tang, Mun Yu. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 473-493). / Abstracts in English and Chinese; appendices in Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / 摘要 --- p.iii / Acknowledgments --- p.iv / Table of Contents --- p.vi / List of Figures and Tables --- p.xiii / Chapter Chapter One --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter Chapter Two --- Literature Review on Adolescent Development with Particular Reference to Poor Adolescents --- p.11 / Chapter 2.1 --- Theories of adolescent development --- p.11 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Micro theories --- p.11 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Macro theories --- p.15 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Ecological model --- p.17 / Chapter 2.1.3.1 --- Introduction --- p.17 / Chapter 2.1.3.2 --- Application to understand the development of adolescents experiencing adversity ´ؤ Resilience Model --- p.18 / Chapter 2.1.3.2.1 --- Definitions of resilience with specific to children and adolescents --- p.18 / Chapter 2.1.3.2.2 --- Models of resilience --- p.20 / Chapter 2.1.4 --- Summary --- p.22 / Chapter 2.2 --- Existing findings on the development of adolescents growing up in poor families --- p.22 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Poor adolescents perceive poverty --- p.23 / Chapter 2.2.1.1 --- Conceptualization of beliefs about causes of poverty --- p.23 / Chapter 2.2.1.2 --- Review of previous studies --- p.29 / Chapter 2.2.1.3 --- Limitations --- p.34 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Development of adolescents experiencing poverty --- p.38 / Chapter 2.2.2.1 --- Development of poor adolescents in their present lives --- p.38 / Chapter 2.2.2.1.1 --- Psychological well-being and magnitude of having behavioral problems --- p.38 / Chapter 2.2.2.1.2 --- Educational outcomes --- p.45 / Chapter 2.2.2.1.3 --- Limitations --- p.52 / Chapter 2.2.2.2 --- Perceptions of future lives --- p.56 / Chapter 2.2.2.2.1 --- Review of previous studies --- p.56 / Chapter 2.2.2.2.2 --- Limitations --- p.64 / Chapter 2.3 --- Directions for future research --- p.69 / Chapter Chapter Three --- Research Questions and Research Design --- p.77 / Chapter 3.1 --- Research questions --- p.77 / Chapter 3.2 --- Proposal for a qualitative research approach --- p.79 / Chapter 3.3 --- Research design --- p.81 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Sample --- p.87 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Data collection --- p.92 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Data analysis --- p.95 / Chapter 3.3.3.1 --- Reliability of the findings --- p.99 / Chapter 3.3.3.2 --- Validity of the findings --- p.100 / Chapter Chapter Four --- Findings --- p.106 / Chapter 4.1 --- Perceived economic disadvantage experienced by their families --- p.107 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- Beliefs about the causes of their families in need for financial support from the Government --- p.108 / Chapter 4.1.1.1 --- Individualistic causes --- p.108 / Chapter 4.1.1.1.1 --- Causes in relation to parents --- p.108 / Chapter 4.1.1.1.2 --- Causes in relation to mother --- p.109 / Chapter 4.1.1.1.3 --- Causes in relation to father --- p.110 / Chapter 4.1.1.1.4 --- Causes in relation to children --- p.111 / Chapter 4.1.1.2 --- Societal causes --- p.115 / Chapter 4.1.1.3 --- Fatalistic causes --- p.117 / Chapter 4.1.1.4 --- Summary --- p.119 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- Perceptions of being a CSSA recipient --- p.119 / Chapter 4.1.2.1 --- Personal views --- p.120 / Chapter 4.1.2.2 --- Perception shaped by mother --- p.125 / Chapter 4.1.2.3 --- Perceptions related to peers --- p.126 / Chapter 4.1.2.3.1 --- Perceptions related to peers' financial circumstances --- p.126 / Chapter 4.1.2.3.2 --- Perceptions related to peers' reactions towards their financial backgrounds --- p.127 / Chapter 4.1.2.3.3 --- Perceptions related to the level of closeness with peers --- p.129 / Chapter 4.1.2.4 --- Perceptions related to the views of general public --- p.129 / Chapter 4.1.2.4.1 --- Views of general public influenced by the Government --- p.130 / Chapter 4.1.2.4.2 --- Views of general public influenced by the media --- p.130 / Chapter 4.1.2.4.3 --- Views of general public influenced by with or without personal experiences of receiving CSSA or personal contacts with CSSA recipients --- p.133 / Chapter 4.1.2.4.4 --- Views of general public influenced by the dominant societal ideologies --- p.134 / Chapter 4.1.2.5 --- Perceptions related to CSSA claim procedures --- p.138 / Chapter 4.1.2.6 --- Perceptions related to special policy for CSSA recipients --- p.139 / Chapter 4.1.2.7 --- Perceptions related to attitudes of staff in CSSA unit --- p.140 / Chapter 4.1.2.8 --- Summary --- p.141 / Chapter 4.1.3 --- Perceived quality of life under the CSSA and the related factors --- p.142 / Chapter 4.1.3.1 --- Perceived quality of life under the CSSA --- p.143 / Chapter 4.1.3.1.1 --- Primary school --- p.143 / Chapter 4.1.3.1.2 --- Secondary school --- p.145 / Chapter 4.1.3.1.3 --- University --- p.146 / Chapter 4.1.3.2 --- Perceived quality of life under the CSSA in relation to mothers' financial management --- p.150 / Chapter 4.1.3.2.1 --- Ways of monitoring family finance --- p.150 / Chapter 4.1.3.2.2 --- Ways of fulfilling unmet needs --- p.151 / Chapter 4.1.3.3 --- Perceived quality of life under the CSSA in relation to self financial management --- p.153 / Chapter 4.1.3.3.1 --- Being self-disciplined of spending money --- p.153 / Chapter 4.1.3.3.2 --- Saving money --- p.155 / Chapter 4.1.3.3.3 --- Doing part-time jobs and summer jobs --- p.157 / Chapter 4.1.3.4 --- Perceived quality of life under the CSSA in relation to other sources of financial support --- p.161 / Chapter 4.1.3.4.1 --- Financial support from relatives --- p.161 / Chapter 4.1.3.4.2 --- Financial support from non-relatives --- p.163 / Chapter 4.1.3.5 --- Summary --- p.166 / Chapter 4.1.4 --- Comments on the staff in the CSSA unit --- p.166 / Chapter 4.1.4.1 --- Positive comments --- p.166 / Chapter 4.1.4.1.1 --- Attitudes --- p.167 / Chapter 4.1.4.1.2 --- Performance --- p.167 / Chapter 4.1.4.2 --- Negative comments --- p.169 / Chapter 4.1.4.2.1 --- Attitudes (from personal experiences) --- p.169 / Chapter 4.1.4.2.2 --- Attitudes (from mothers' experiences) --- p.171 / Chapter 4.1.4.2.3 --- Performance --- p.172 / Chapter 4.1.4.3 --- Summary --- p.176 / Chapter 4.1.5 --- Comments on the CSSA scheme --- p.177 / Chapter 4.1.5.1 --- Positive comments --- p.177 / Chapter 4.1.5.1.1 --- Nature of the CSSA scheme --- p.177 / Chapter 4.1.5.1.2 --- Strict policy for preventing abuse of the scheme --- p.179 / Chapter 4.1.5.2 --- Negative comments --- p.180 / Chapter 4.1.5.2.1 --- Amount of support in the CSSA scheme --- p.180 / Chapter 4.1.5.2.2 --- Policy on the CSSA scheme --- p.183 / Chapter 4.1.5.2.3 --- Claim procedures in the CSSA scheme --- p.187 / Chapter 4.1.5.3 --- Summary --- p.191 / Chapter 4.1.6 --- Circumstances of women in economic disadvantaged and female-headed families --- p.192 / Chapter 4.1.6.1 --- Struggles on financial adversity --- p.192 / Chapter 4.1.6.2 --- Consequences of receiving financial support from the Government --- p.194 / Chapter 4.1.6.2.1 --- Influences on self-image --- p.194 / Chapter 4.1.6.2.2 --- Influences on psychological state --- p.195 / Chapter 4.1.6.3 --- Pressure of taking up the parental roles --- p.197 / Chapter 4.1.6.4 --- Summary --- p.199 / Chapter 4.1.7 --- Recommendations for improvement in the CSSA service --- p.200 / Chapter 4.1.7.1 --- Staff training --- p.200 / Chapter 4.1.7.2 --- Quality of the service --- p.201 / Chapter 4.1.7.3 --- Other recommendations --- p.204 / Chapter 4.1.7.4 --- Summary --- p.195 / Chapter 4.1.8 --- Recommendations for improvement the policy in the CSSA scheme --- p.207 / Chapter 4.1.8.1 --- Subvention policy --- p.207 / Chapter 4.1.8.1.1 --- Subvention for students --- p.207 / Chapter 4.1.8.1.2 --- Subvention for households --- p.209 / Chapter 4.1.8.1.3 --- "Subvention for children, elderly, disabled and chronic illness patients" --- p.211 / Chapter 4.1.8.2 --- Claim procedures --- p.214 / Chapter 4.1.8.3 --- Employment-related policy --- p.216 / Chapter 4.1.8.3.1 --- Employment-related policy for single parents --- p.216 / Chapter 4.1.8.3.2 --- Employment-related policy for general able-bodied CSSA recipients --- p.219 / Chapter 4.1.8.4 --- Other recommendations --- p.222 / Chapter 4.1.8.5 --- Summary --- p.224 / Chapter 4.1.9 --- Service gaps for economic disadvantaged and single-parent families --- p.225 / Chapter 4.1.9.1 --- Services for CSSA families --- p.225 / Chapter 4.1.9.1.1 --- Emotional support services --- p.225 / Chapter 4.1.9.1.2 --- Household support services --- p.227 / Chapter 4.1.9.2 --- Services for women in economic disadvantage and marital disruption --- p.229 / Chapter 4.1.9.2.1 --- Employment-related support services --- p.229 / Chapter 4.1.9.2.2 --- Counseling services --- p.230 / Chapter 4.1.9.3 --- Services for the single-parent families --- p.232 / Chapter 4.1.9.3.1 --- Emotional support services --- p.232 / Chapter 4.1.9.3.2 --- Public education --- p.233 / Chapter 4.1.9.4 --- Summary --- p.234 / Chapter 4.1.10 --- Overall summary of Section 4.1 --- p.235 / Chapter 4.2 --- Perceived past lives --- p.237 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Area 1: Perceived quality of life before receiving the CSSA --- p.237 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Area 2: Reactions towards economic disadvantage --- p.241 / Chapter 4.2.2.1 --- Feelings about living under the CSSA --- p.241 / Chapter 4.2.2.2 --- Perceived influences of economic disadvantage in their past lives --- p.246 / Chapter 4.2.2.2.1 --- Experienced different from those of their peers --- p.246 / Chapter 4.2.2.2.2 --- Influenced on their study plans --- p.248 / Chapter 4.2.2.3 --- Summary --- p.253 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Area 3: Views on mother's employment status --- p.253 / Chapter 4.2.4 --- Area 4: Perceptions of one's roles in the family --- p.257 / Chapter 4.2.5 --- Area 5: Perceived source of influences on one's development --- p.265 / Chapter 4.2.5.1 --- Aspect 1: Family backgrounds --- p.266 / Chapter 4.2.5.1.1 --- Experiences of economic disadvantage --- p.266 / Chapter 4.2.5.1.2 --- Single-parent family Other people --- p.278 / Chapter 4.2.5.1.3 --- Summary --- p.289 / Chapter 4.2.5.2 --- Aspect 2: Significant others --- p.290 / Chapter 4.2.5.2.1 --- Mother --- p.290 / Chapter 4.2.5.2.2 --- Other people --- p.298 / Chapter 4.2.5.2.3 --- Summary --- p.304 / Chapter 4.2.5.3 --- Aspect 3: Beliefs --- p.304 / Chapter 4.2.5.4 --- Summary --- p.306 / Chapter 4.2.6 --- Overall summary of Section 4.2 --- p.307 / Chapter 4.3 --- Perceived experiences of their present lives --- p.309 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Area 1: Meanings of becoming a university student --- p.309 / Chapter 4.3.1.1 --- Familial meanings --- p.309 / Chapter 4.3.1.2 --- Personal meanings --- p.313 / Chapter 4.3.1.3 --- Summary --- p.326 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Area 2: Perceived differences with the peers in university --- p.326 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- Area 3: Economic circumstances --- p.333 / Chapter 4.3.3.1 --- Personal financial circumstances --- p.334 / Chapter 4.3.3.2 --- Perceived meanings of with or without financial support from the Government to their families --- p.347 / Chapter 4.3.3.3 --- Summary --- p.350 / Chapter 4.3.4 --- Area 4: Perceptions of one's roles in the family --- p.351 / Chapter 4.3.5 --- Overall summary of Section 4.3 --- p.357 / Chapter 4.4 --- Perceived future lives --- p.359 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Expected lives after graduation and the related contributory factors --- p.359 / Chapter 4.4.1.1 --- Area 1: Work --- p.359 / Chapter 4.4.1.2 --- Area 2: Life style --- p.369 / Chapter 4.4.1.3 --- Area 3: Economic circumstances --- p.372 / Chapter 4.4.1.4 --- Area 4: Marriage --- p.380 / Chapter 4.4.1.5 --- Area 5: Spouse --- p.383 / Chapter 4.4.1.6 --- Area 6: Quality of relationship in future family --- p.389 / Chapter 4.4.1.6.1 --- Marital relationship --- p.389 / Chapter 4.4.1.6.2 --- Parent-child relationship --- p.392 / Chapter 4.4.1.7 --- Summary --- p.396 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Feelings about their future lives --- p.397 / Chapter 4.4.3 --- Overall summary of Section 4.4 --- p.403 / Chapter 4.5 --- Summary of the findings and findings deserving special attention --- p.404 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Discussion and Recommendation --- p.423 / Chapter 5.1 --- Discussion of nine aspects of findings --- p.423 / Chapter 5.1.1 --- Aspect 1 -- Role of education in life --- p.423 / Chapter 5.1.2 --- Aspect 2 -- Absence of father as the main cause of economic hardship --- p.425 / Chapter 5.1.3 --- "Aspect 3 -- Being a ""good child""" --- p.427 / Chapter 5.1.4 --- Aspect 4 -- Difficult growth trajectory --- p.430 / Chapter 5.1.5 --- Aspect 5 -- Poverty: Blessing in disguise --- p.434 / Chapter 5.1.6 --- Aspect 6 -- Family of origin's influence on expectations of future life --- p.437 / Chapter 5.1.7 --- Aspect 7 -- Five protective factors in development --- p.440 / Chapter 5.1.8 --- Aspect 8 -- Mothers experiencing economic disadvantage: Long-suffering women guarding their children --- p.443 / Chapter 5.1.9 --- Aspect 9 -- Balanced view of the CSSA scheme --- p.446 / Chapter 5.1.10 --- Summary --- p.452 / Chapter 5.2 --- Theoretical contributions and implications of the present findings --- p.455 / Chapter 5.3 --- Practical implications and recommendations of the present findings --- p.459 / Chapter 5.4 --- Limitations of this study --- p.461 / Chapter Chapter Six --- Conclusion --- p.463 / Chapter 6.1 --- Summary of findings --- p.463 / Chapter 6.2 --- Evaluation of the quality of this qualitative study --- p.468 / Chapter 6.3 --- Directions for further study --- p.470 / Bibliography --- p.473 / Appendix I: Written Consent Form --- p.494 / Appendix II: Interview Guide --- p.495

This ethnographic study describes the patterns of decorating in the study rooms of university sorority women. The primary method of data were collection was by means of interviews with sorority members. Observations and photographs of the study rooms of these members supplemented the interviews and provided validation for categorization purposes. A large body of research exists related to the effects and implications of sorority membership. Because much of this research is quantitative, it does not allow for the descriptive type data collected in the context of the culture which may be utilized in a qualitative study. The purpose of the present study was to document the decorating patterns of the informants and to identify cultural values and expressions of individual identity in the decoration of their living spaces. This study contributes to existing research on college student decorating patterns by relating the items used for decorations to cultural and individual values. In addition, it provides a detailed description of how the space in the study rooms is utilized. The data are also evaluated based on demographic information gathered. The results of this study indicated that the members of Alpha Beta sorority expressed certain cultural values by using similar items to decorate their rooms and by exhibiting common ways of using their living space. One of the values expressed by the members in their decorating was that of comfort, both physical and mental. Comfort was demonstrated in conditions such as the degree of tidiness of the room, the color scheme, the photos on display or the level of self expression available to the individual. Examples of identity expression were also evident in these study rooms. Items indicating personal accomplishments, items from personal collections and objects used for hobbies were found in many rooms. Conclusions drawn from this study were first, that the desire to decorate was nearly universal among the members of Alpha Beta sorority. Second, the desire for self expression seemed to be a significant motivation for decorating, although there was evidence of some peer pressure as well. Third, decorating generally, and decorating using a theme, appeared to be a behavior members embraced more readily over time. Interactions over time allowed for the cultural values related to decorating the study room to be acquired. This process is facilitated by the significance of the social network within the sorority culture. This study contributes to an understanding of how cultural and personal values are expressed in the study rooms of sorority women, and by extension, the values that could be expected in other interior environments. / Graduation date: 1999