Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2006. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 160-177).

Thesis (M.A.(Applied.)--Victoria University of Wellington, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references.

Sports journalism is a traditionally male-dominated environment. Previous research has shown that women sports journalists were outnumbered in newsrooms, had less career opportunities, have been exposed to harassment and must negotiate identity contradictions in order to succeed in their career. Most previous studies have explored English-speaking countries and little was done in Scandinavia and Latin America. This study aimed to analyze the perceptions and experiences of Swedish and Brazilian women sports journalists from gendered journalism cultures perspective, drawing a comparison between these countries. Through qualitative approach, this study conducted semi-structured interviews with seven women sports journalists from Sweden and Brazil and found that there are more similarities than differences between the two countries. Despite the different contexts, Swedish and Brazilian women sports journalists who participated in this study are overall satisfied with newsroom environment, they claimed that women journalists have gained more space, respect and voice in sports departments in comparison to when they started working in the field. However, they also pointed to some remaining issues such as sexist jokes and a feeling of having to prove their knowledge and capability. Another similarity observed was the perception that sports journalism has highly improved in relation to gender equality and, although the challenges still exist, they are less visible now. This study also found that the biggest difference observed between participants from Sweden and Brazil was the understanding of sexism and woman identity. While Swedish interviewees showed a more complex awareness of these concepts, Brazilians participants demonstrated some confusing comprehension, exposing more contradictions regarding these matters.

Bakgrund: Inom både dam- och herrishockey är hjärnskakningar vanligt förekommande. Definitionen av hjärnskakning är att hjärnan hamnar i rörelse av direkt eller indirekt våld mot huvudet. Riktlinjer finns framtagna över hur hjärnskakningar ska hanteras och rehabiliteras och bör tas på allvar då det finns risk för blödning eller kvarstående symtom. SCAT-3 är ett värderingsverktyg vid hjärnskakningar, där ingår en symtomskattning. En hög poängsumma innebär stora symtomatiska besvär. Inga studier har påträffats över förekomst av hjärnskakningar samt hjärnskakningslikande symtom för spelare i Svenska damhockeyligan (SDHL).Syfte: Att beskriva förekomst av hjärnskakningar samt hjärnskakningsliknade symtom hos ishockeyspelare i SDHL jämfört med en kontrollgrupp.Metod: Kvantitativ, deskriptiv samt komparativ tvärsnittsdesign. Ett internetbaserat testformulär byggt på SCAT-3. Totalt 92 deltagare, n=48 hockeyspelare, n=44 kontrollgrupp.Resultat: Förekomsten av hjärnskakningar var 64,6 % bland ishockeyspelare, och signifikant högre jämfört med kontrollgruppen 38,6 % (p=0,013). Totalsumma av hjärnskakningsliknande symtom bland hockeyspelarna (17,6 poäng) jämfört med kontrollgruppen (16,4 poäng) skiljde sig inte signifikant. Vanligaste symtomen bland hockeyspelarna var känsla av trötthet/brist på energi, nackont samt irritation. Vanligaste symtomen för kontrollgruppen var känsla av trötthet/brist på energi, mer känslosam än vanligt och koncentrationssvårigheter. Konklusion: 64,6 % av spelarna i SDHL har fått minst en hjärnskakning. Hjärnskakningar var vanligare bland spelare i SDHL än i kontrollgruppen. Ingen signifikant skillnad av hjärnskakningsliknade symtom sågs mellan grupperna. Symtomen var inte tillräckligt specifika för att jämföra grupper emellan, utan bör enbart jämföras individuellt. / Background: Concussions are frequently occurring in ice hockey, both women and men hockey. A concussion appears from direct or indirect violence against the head, that will cause brain movement, and in worse case a bleeding on the brain. There are guidelines for concussion management and rehabilitation that needs to take seriously as there are risks of retaining symptoms. SCAT-3 is a concussion tool, with a symptom scale. A higher score means bigger issues of the symptoms. No studies have been done on the concussion frequency and concussion-similar symptoms for players in the Svenska damhockeyligan (SDHL).Purpose: Find out frequency of concussion and concussion-similar symptoms compared to a control group. Method: Quantitative descriptive and comparative cross-sectional design. An internet based test, based on SCAT-3, with total 92 participants, n=48 hockey players, n=44 control group.Results: Concussion frequency was 64.6 % for hockey players, and significant higher compared to the control group 38.6% (p=0.013). In total, concussion-similar symptom score for hockey players was 17.6 points and for control group 16.4 points. No significant difference between the groups. The most common symptoms among hockey players were fatigue or low energy, neck pain and irritation. In the control group, fatigue or low energy, more emotional and concentration difficulties was the most common.Conclusion: 64.6 % of the players in SDHL had received at least one concussion. Concussions are more common among players in SDHL than a control group. No significant difference of concussion-similar symptoms. The symptoms are not specific

The subject of Jews in sports is often times perceived as an oxymoronic research topic given the ethnic stereotypes that Jews are physically weak, unfit, and more focused on intellectual pursuits. However, Jews have had a long history and in-depth interaction with sports that is important to understand, not only to expand our perception of the Jewish people, but also to realize the important role sports play in social historiography. While the Jewish population of East Coast America and their involvement in athletics has been studied to some extent, the West Coast population, in particular, the Northwest, has been sorely neglected. This thesis examines the lives of immigrant Jews on the West Coast, specifically Portland, OR and their interaction with sports compared to the experiences of immigrant Jews on the East Coast from 1900 to 1940. An overall examination and comparison of the Jewish immigrant experience in the West is presented along with an evaluation of the establishment of the Portland Jewish community and their coinciding athletic community. The experiences of the Jews in Western America is compared to the immigrants of the East Coast and how these differing involvements shaped the development of Jewish sporting facilities. The thesis then expands on how the Portland Jews grew their athletic facilities and overall involvement in athletics, related to the experience of East Coast Jews. The growth of the Jewish Zionist movement is examined along with how Jewish involvement fit more seamlessly into certain sports than others. The thesis also takes a closer look at Jewish women and their specific experiences in athletics compared to their East Coast counterparts and the experience of Jewish men in Portland. The role of philanthropic organizations as a means of greater involvement in athletics is assessed, along with how the experiences of Western European versus Eastern European immigrants played into their varying involvements with sports. Finally, the conclusion discusses the importance of scholarly sports inquiry as it plays to the relevance of a greater social history and for immigrants in particular, their assimilation and acculturation into American society.