Erneuerbare Werkstoffe (z.B. WPC) können metallische substituieren, indem eine Kombination aus technischen, wirtschaftlichen und ökologischen Vorteilen in Bauweise und Bauteilen in der Intralogistik Anwendung finden. Vorgestellt werden die wichtigsten Schritte zur Entwicklung eines Hängefördersystems mit einem Trag- und Gleitprofil aus WPC. Schwerpunkte sind die Verbindungsstellen, die Kurvensegmente und die Weiche. Es erfolgt eine Beurteilung der Gebrauchstauglichkeit des Gesamtsystems.

Erneuerbare Werkstoffe (z.B. WPC) können metallische substituieren, indem eine Kombination aus technischen, wirtschaftlichen und ökologischen Vorteilen in Bauweise und Bauteilen in der Intralogistik Anwendung finden. Vorgestellt werden die wichtigsten Schritte zur Entwicklung eines Hängefördersystems mit einem Trag- und Gleitprofil aus WPC. Schwerpunkte sind die Verbindungsstellen, die Kurvensegmente und die Weiche. Es erfolgt eine Beurteilung der Gebrauchstauglichkeit des Gesamtsystems.

Wood plastic composites (WPCs) were made using matrices of recycled high-density polyethylene (rHDPE) and polypropylene (rPP) with sawdust (Pinus radiata) as filler. Corresponding WPCs were also made using virgin plastics (HDPE and PP) for comparison with the recycled plastic based composites. WPCs were made through melt compounding and hot-press moulding with varying formulations based on the plastic type (HDPE and PP), plastic form (recycled and virgin), wood flour content and addition of coupling agent. The dimensional stability and mechanical properties of WPCs were investigated. Durability performances of these WPCs were studied separately, by exposing to accelerated freeze-thaw (FT) cycles and ultraviolet (UV) radiation. The property degradation and colour changes of the weathered composites were also examined. Dimensional stability and flexural properties of WPCs were further investigated by incorporation of nanoclays in the composite formulation. To understand the changes in WPCs stability and durability performance, microstructure and thermal properties of the composites were examined. Two mathematical models were developed in this work, one model to simulate the moisture movement through the composites in long-term water immersion and the other model to predict the temperature profile in the composites during hot-press moulding. Both rHDPE and rPP matrix based composites exhibited excellent dimensional stability and mechanical properties, which were comparable to those made from virgin plastics. Incorporation of maleated polypropylene (MAPP) coupling agent in composite formulation improved the stability and the mechanical properties. The incorporation of 3 wt. % MAPP coupling agent to WPCs showed an increase in tensile strength by 60% and 35 %, respectively, for the rHDPE based and rPP based composites with 50 wt. % wood flour. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the fractured surfaces of WPCs confirmed that the MAPP coupling improved the interfacial bonding between the plastic and the wood filler for both series of composites. Long-term water immersion tests showed that the water transport mechanism within the WPCs follows the kinetics of Fickian diffusion. Dimensional stability and flexural properties of the WPC were degraded after 12 accelerated FT cycles as well as 2000 h of UV weathering for both recycled and virgin HDPE and PP based composites. However, the MAPP coupled composites had improved stability and flexural property degradation. The surface of the weathered composites experienced a colour change, which increased with the exposure time. The MAPP coupled composites exhibited less colour change as compared to non-coupled composites. Regarding the effect of the plastic type, the PP based composites experienced higher colour change than those based on HDPE. With weathering exposure, flexural strength and stiffness of the WPCs were decreased, but elongation at break was increased regardless of plastic type and wood flour content. MAPP coupled rPP and rHDPE based UV weathered WPCs lowered the degradation of stiffness by 50% and 75%, respectively compared to non-coupled WPCs. SEM images of the fractured surfaces of FT and UV weathered WPCs confirmed a decrease in the interfacial bonding between the wood flour and matrix. Thermal properties of weathered composites changed with weathering, but the extent of the changes depended on WPCs formulation and matrix type. From the experimental studies on nanoclay-filled rHDPE composites, it is found that stability, flexural properties of WPCs could be improved with an appropriate combination of coupling agent, and nanoclay contents processed by melt blending. Incorporation of 1-5 wt. % nanoclay in the maleated polyethylene (MAPE) coupled wood plastic composite improved the dimensional stability and flexural properties. The thermal properties changed with the addition of nanoclay and MAPE in WPCs. In this work, a hot press-moulding model was proposed based on the one-dimensional transient heat conduction to predict the temperature profile of the WPCs during hot pressing cycle. The results from this work clearly show that rHDPE and rPP can be successfully used to produce stable and strong WPCs, which properties and performances are similar to or comparable to composites made of wood and virgin plastics. Therefore, WPCs based on recycled PP and HDPE matrix could have potential to use as construction materials.

Das Schweißen von WPC stellt zunächst aufgrund der thermoplastischen Matrix eine effektive Fügetechnologie dar. Der Beitrag behandelt das Heizelementschweißen von WPC und liefert Aussagen zur Wirkung der Prozessparameter auf die mechanischen und geometrischen Nahteigenschaften, dem Rezeptureinfluss und der thermischen Instabilität der Holzfaser. An den WPC-Rezepturen auf Basis von Polypropylen mit 40 Gew.-% und 50 Gew.-% Holzfasern sowie des Einsatzes von PET-Fasern im Compound, werden die Zusammenhänge untersucht und die Versagensmechanismen aufgezeigt.

Das Schweißen von WPC stellt zunächst aufgrund der thermoplastischen Matrix eine effektive Fügetechnologie dar. Der Beitrag behandelt das Heizelementschweißen von WPC und liefert Aussagen zur Wirkung der Prozessparameter auf die mechanischen und geometrischen Nahteigenschaften, dem Rezeptureinfluss und der thermischen Instabilität der Holzfaser. An den WPC-Rezepturen auf Basis von Polypropylen mit 40 Gew.-% und 50 Gew.-% Holzfasern sowie des Einsatzes von PET-Fasern im Compound, werden die Zusammenhänge untersucht und die Versagensmechanismen aufgezeigt.

Es werden die tribologische Eigenschaften von extrudierten WPC, gefüllt mit 70 mass.% ver-schiedener Holzarten, welche in einer PP-Matrix verarbeitet wurden charakterisiert. Weiterhin werden Untersuchungen zum Einfluss verschiedener Lager- und Umgebungsmedien auf die mechanischen Eigenschaften von WPC mit PP- und PE-Matrix bei einem Füllgrad von 30 bis 50 mass% vorgestellt. Auf Basis beider Untersuchungen wird eine Einschätzung der Dauergebrauchsfähigkeit von WPC für den Einsatz als Maschinenbaukomponente vorgenommen. / The tribological properties of extruded WPC are destined. The WPC was filled with 70 mass.% of various types of wood, which were processed in aPP matrix. Furthermore the influences of the environmental andvarious storage conditions with focus on the mechanical properties of WPC are examined. These specimens were made with a filling ratio of 30-50 mass % wood in a PP- and PE -Matrix. Based on this both studies, the serviceability and long term usability of WPC for the use as a functional machine element is investigated.

La présente étude fait suite à d’autres qui proposent une solution de récupération des déchets plastiques et de bois pour en faire un matériau de construction en composite bois-polymère. La particularité de ce travail de recherche est que la matrice thermoplastique utilisée est un ensemble de différents polymères pris dans des proportions bien définies. Les pourcentages considérés pour la matrice obtenue représentent les parts de déchets de polymères que l’on retrouve dans la ville de Cotonou (Bénin). Cette étude a consisté à fabriqué des échantillons de composite bois polymère CBP par extrusion, à les étudier à travers des tests physico-mécaniques et à les mettre en relation avec les échantillons fabriqués avec une méthode artisanale déjà existante. D’une part, nous avons étudié séparément la sciure de bois et la matrice thermoplastique en déterminant les constituants chimiques de la sciure de bois, et en effectuant une analyse physico-mécanique (analyse thermogravimétrique, test en flexion compression et traction, analyse du faciès de rupture au MEB) sur le renfort et la matrice. D’autre part nous avons évalué l’influence de l’ajout de 20%, 25%, 28% et 30% de sciure de bois sur les propriétés mécaniques (compression, flexion et traction). Les résultats obtenus révèlent que la sciure de bois se comporte comme un renfort lorsque l’échantillon est sollicité en compression et en flexion. La sciure de bois joue le rôle de charge lorsque les échantillons de CBP sont sollicités en traction. Par ailleurs, la sciure de bois améliore la rigidité des CBP en traction. Les résultats mécaniques obtenus par extrusion sont nettement meilleurs que ceux issus des méthodes de fabrication artisanale. Les analyses thermogravimétriques effectuées sur les échantillons de CBP issus de la méthode artisanale révèlent que lors de leur fabrication, ces échantillons sont soumis à des températures (supérieure à 300°C) qui entament la dégradation des polymères et de la sciure de bois dans les CBP / This study follow others that propose a solution for the recovery of plastic waste and wood to make it a construction material made of wood-polymer composite. The particularity of this research is that the thermoplastic matrix used is a set of different polymers taken in well-defined proportions. The percentages considered for the matrix obtained represent the proportion of polymer waste that can be found in the city of Cotonou (Benin Republic). This study consisted in making WPC polymer wood composite samples by extrusion, studying them through physico-mechanical tests and relating them to samples made with an already existing artisanal method. On the one hand, we studied separately the sawdust and the thermoplastic matrix by determining the chemical constituents of the sawdust, and by performing a physico-mechanical analysis (thermogravimetric analysis, compression and tensile bending test, facies analysis). SEM fracture) on the reinforcement and the matrix. On the other hand we evaluated the influence of the addition of 20%, 25%, 28% and 30% of sawdust on the mechanical properties (compression, bending and traction). The results show that sawdust behaves like a reinforcement when the sample is stressed in compression and bending. Sawdust acts as a load when WPC samples are stressed in tension. Sawdust also improves the rigidity of WPC in tension. The mechanical results obtained by extrusion are much better than those resulting from the artisanal methods. Thermogravimetric analyzes performed on WPC samples from the artisanal method reveal that during their manufacture, these samples are subjected to temperatures (above 300 ° C) that begin the degradation of polymers and sawdust in WPC

No description available.

The purpose of this thesis was to evaluate orthogonal cutting as a method to determine the fracture toughness of low and high density polyethylene and wood plastic composites. A test fixture was developed to capture normal and tangential cutting forces at variable depth and rake angle. A tool interface method (TIM) is proposed to separate forces on both sides of the tool from the energy needed to propagate the crack. Also investigated were shear plane models of chip failure, which seek to measure toughness by modeling internal stresses in the chip. These results are compared to current methods of determining essential work of fracture (EWF). It is found that cutting requires much less energy than current methods of EWF. Further work is suggested to better parameterize failure. / Graduation date: 2013

Es wird die Bauteilentwicklung für ein Rad aus WPC (Wood Polymer Composite) vorgestellt. Das Rad ist der Demonstrator für eine WPC-Radbauweise zur Anwendung in der Intralogistik. Das Rad hat eine Lastgrenze von 150kg. Es werden statisch-mechanische Untersuchungen zu verschiedenen Materialrezepturen und Radkonstruktionen vorgestellt. Ergänzend werden tribologische Versuche von ausgewählten Rädern dargestellt, um die Praxistauglichkeit des Demonstrators und der Bauweise abzuschätzen. / A component- and material development for a wheel made from WPC (Wood Polymer Composite) is presented. The wheel is the demonstrator for a WPC-wheel design for the use in the intralogistics. The wheel has a load limit of 150kg. Staticmechanical investigations of different material compositions and wheel designs are presented. Tribological investigations of selected wheels are shown, to give an estimation of the prototype’s usability and the effectiveness of the general wheel design.