Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-10-19T17:29:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 paulamartinssirelli.pdf: 479163 bytes, checksum: dc789db677f2358b3124eebe1b76e3e6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-10-25T12:24:23Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 paulamartinssirelli.pdf: 479163 bytes, checksum: dc789db677f2358b3124eebe1b76e3e6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-25T12:24:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 paulamartinssirelli.pdf: 479163 bytes, checksum: dc789db677f2358b3124eebe1b76e3e6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-09-18 / O presente estudo trata da temática da terceirização tendo como centralidade a utilização desta estratégia, em uma instituição pública federal - a Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora - , compreendendo o período pós 1990. A inserção desta estratégia tem vínculos com as mudanças que vêm ocorrendo no aparato estatal, que desde os anos de 1970 tem enfrentado uma crise fiscal e de legitimidade, considerando-se mais uma fase cíclica do capitalismo, em nível mundial. Particularizando-se o Brasil verifica-se que os gestores governamentais têm engendrado reformas neste aparato pautadas no ideário neoliberal. As medidas adotadas visam prioritariamente reduzir o tamanho do Estado em termos de gastos, serviços e pessoal, efetivadas pelas estratégias de privatização, publicização e terceirização da mão-de-obra. Esta última consiste em uma estratégia do novo complexo de organização da produção, transferindo atividades meio ou subsidiárias para empresas terceiras. Essa estratégia amplamente adotada pela UFJF significa que formas de contratação diferenciadas expressam consequências para os trabalhadores, suas formas de organização e para a conformação do Estado, além de demandar estudos que possam expandir os questionamentos e as produções sobre contradições na relação capital e trabalho. / This research is about the act of transfering work responsibilities to others. The focus here is the use of this strategy into Juiz de Fora Federal University from 1990 to nowadays. This strategy is linked to some important changes which are taking place in Brazil. The National State has been facing a fiscal and legitimacy crisis which starts in 1970. This situation is conceived as a step of world capitalism. In Brazil specific case, we can observe that the goverment administration is based on neoliberal ideas. The objective is to reduce State expenses, services and staff , as well. We are considering people who work regularly to State in different conditions such as private, public or through transfer of work. The last one is the act of transfering to others, in different ways, all the work responsibilities. This strategy is much used by UFJF. It means different work conditions among its workers. The consequences ask for studies which can multiply questions about contradictions related to capital and work.

<p>When humans delegate tasks---whether to human workers or robots---they do so either to trade money for time, or to leverage additional knowledge and capabilities. For complex tasks, however, describing the work to be done requires substantial effort, which reduces the benefit to the requester who delegates tasks. On one hand, human workers---e.g., crowd workers, friends or colleagues on social network, factory workers---have diverse knowledge and level of commitment, making it difficult to achieve joint efforts towards the requester's goal. In contrast, robots and machines have clearly defined capabilities and full commitment, but the requester lacks an efficient way to coordinate them for flexible workflows. </p><p> </p><p> This dissertation presents a series of workflows and systems to enable efficient work transfer to human workers or robots. First, I present BlueSky, a system that can automatically coordinate hundreds of crowd workers to enumerate ideas for a given topic. The latent structure of the idea enumeration task is decomposed into a three-step workflow to guide the crowd workers. Second, I present CoStory, a system that requests alternative designs from friends or colleagues by decomposing the design task into hierarchical chunks. Third, I present AdapTutAR, a system that delegates machine operation tasks to workers through adaptive Augmented Reality tutorials. Finally, I present Vipo, a system that allows requesters to customize tasks for robots and smart machines through spatial-visual programming. This dissertation demonstrates that decomposing latent task structure enables task delegation in an on-demand, scalable, and distributed way.</p>

Crowdsourcing has become a popular choice for tackling problems that neither computers nor humans alone can solve with adequate speed, cost, and quality. However, instructing crowds to execute tasks in the manner expected by the requesters is challenging. It depends on not only requesters’ task design abilities but also workers’ understanding of the tasks. Task design bridges the communication gap between workers and requesters, which consists of instructions, payment, time limit on task, and the interface for workers to work on. It remains an underdeveloped but important topic that needs further exploration for improving crowdsourcing experience. My research studies task delivery from requesters to crowd workers. The goal is to improve the communication between the two and, in turn, increase accuracy of results and decrease variability due to differing interpretations and perspectives. Specifically, this dissertation presents a series of studies to show that high-quality results can be obtained from human workers through improved task design, by 1) designing incentives to recruit workers with the appropriate skills for given tasks, 2) designing unambiguous instructions to clearly express task requirements, 3) choosing the correct strategy to communicate the requisite task knowledge with workers, and 4) enhancing requesters’ ability to rapidly prototype Augmented Reality (AR) instructions. This dissertation demonstrates that crowdsourcing quality is improved when the tasks are communicated using mediums and structures that align with workers’ preference and utility

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This graduation theses suggests informative business of meeting concrete company. Record is proposal information system, which registration workers, theirs attendance, reservation rooms and means for work, transfer files between users. The attendance is basis for counting-room. The whole system is written in PHP language in combination with HTML with the usage of database language SQL and database MySQL.

1 Transfer of an employee to alternative work due to health reasons Abstract This thesis deals with the legal regulation of the institute of transferring an employee to alternative work due to health reasons and its related labor law contexts. The introductory chapter briefly describes the development and legal regulation of the institute of transfer of an employee to alternative work. Attention is focused on the compliance of unilateral transposition with the Charter of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms and the obligations arising from international treaties, as well as the principles of labor and civil law. In addition to that, essential terms for the further discussion of the institute of transfer of an employee are being defined: the type of work, specific description of the type of work and the employer's dispositional power. The second part of the thesis is dedicated to the legal regulation of changes in the content of the employment by agreement and unilateral legal action and in particular, by transfer. The third part focuses on the introduction of basic occupational health concepts, which are used in the following chapters focusing on transfers due to health reasons. Attention is focused mainly on the medical opinion, which is one of the most common and problematic reasons for transferring employees...