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Abstraction In the trend of global labor flexibility, traditional concept of Lifelong Employ System is faint gradually. At the same time it arouse the rise of temporary work style. In 1965 dispatched employment has come into being in Japan. In research of American Temporary Assistance Service Association in 1996, there are about 90% companies which were employing employees of Atasa. On the other hand, in the course of economic development in Taiwan, traditional manufacturing industry controls management cost. And big corporations upstream externalize statutory responsibility and duty. From the beginning of eighties, employees have been requiring the most flexibility in arranging work time and style, and give stuff right of lawsuit(¸gÀÙ³¡°Ó·~¥q)also confirm dispatched employment and pass that enterprise can register as her dealing item. It¡¦s not hard to see that domestic dispatched employment is developing actively with global trend. The arrangement of research chapters and sections as follow: The first chapter is introduction. To analyze research purposes and problems to be solved in research motives and background, planning research construction. The second is investigation of documents. To sum up the research tied to the thesis and understand facts of labor and capital respectively in relative internal and foreign research, taking it as questionnaire design¡¦s reference base. The third is research design. First to analyze other relative research¡¦s method and then to show design way that the research use is questionnaire investigation. The fourth is data analysis, to analyze and settle data of recovered questionnaire .The fifth is conclusion and suggestion. As for the research data, to sort out research discovery and take it as conclusion This research shows that management and administration fundamental function of the principal staff has a great scale in whole, while that of the classification of research and development design is the highest. As for the present needs of personnel dispatch in our country, routine work in the main dispatched employment content. And has little effect on the work arrangement between principal staff and dispatched worker. Using dispatched worker is mainly to lighten the expenditure of multinomial personnel costs and reduce the cost of personnel administrative management, secondarily to lighten the burden of dispatched employment cost and retired pay. The company is not very strict with the dispatched worker on establishing customer relationship actively the secret level in business and the item degree. The dispatching user acts as the main decider of dispatch work and the dispatching work agency must asset the company on legal liability distribution, vacation, salary and work rule. Besides dispatch law has some disadvantages, we often meet with these problems in using dispatched worker: high flow ability, bad quality and insufficient training. To solve these problems, dispatching user, work agency and worker need to make joint efforts.

Mäns våld mot kvinnor i nära relationer är ett globalt samhällsproblem som förekommer i alla länder, samhällsklasser och kulturer. Syftet med uppsatsen var att undersöka hur socionomer inom socialtjänstens organisation beskriver sitt arbete med kvinnor som utsätts för våld av män i nära relationer. Uppsatsen är genomförd med en kvalitativ metod där fem socionomer som arbetar inom socialtjänsten medverkat i enskilda intervjuer. Det empiriska materialet har analyserats utifrån innehållsanalys. Analysen resulterade i ett tema som fick beteckningen ”kunskap och utbildning är a och o”. Kategorierna ”ett brinnande intresse” och ”det handlar om vilka glasögon du sätter på dig” har underkategorier som beskriver det manifesta resultatet. Resultatet har analyserats utifrån det teoretiska perspektivet som är systemteori samt två begrepp som är byråkrati och handlingsutrymme. Analysen påvisar att en helhetssyn av kvinnans livssituation utgör en viktig del av hur arbetet kommer att fortlöpa. Resultatet påvisar att kunskap är a och o för att kunna bemöta våldsutsatta kvinnor på rätt sätt och att utbildning inom området är mycket viktigt. Socionomerna i studien har ansett sig ha goda kunskaper om hur man bemöter våldsutsatta kvinnor och detta återspeglar sig i att de har ett brinnande intresse. Det framkommer i resultatet att socionomerna anser att deras kollegor har bristfällig kunskap inom området. I resultatet framkommer det att om kommuner och socialarbetare utför arbetet på ett liknande sätt, leder till ökad rättssäkerhet ur ett organisatoriskt perspektiv men också för den våldsutsatta kvinnan. Samtliga socionomer i studien upplever att samverkan mellan organisationer är välfungerande. Det framkommer även i resultatet att bemötandet beskrivs vara det viktigaste redskapet i möten med våldsutsatta kvinnor. Att arbeta utifrån socialtjänstlagen, nya rutiner och riktlinjer kan mot bakgrund av studiens resultat tyda på att socionomutbildningen och kommuner måste öppna ögonen för våldet och satsa mer på att öka kunskapen inom organisationerna, detta för att kunna möta problematiken på rätt sätt men också för att kunna förebygga våldet som kvinnor utsätts för. Nyckelord: Socionom, våldsutsatt kvinna, kunskap, helhetssyn, bemötande / Male violence against woman in intimate partner relationship is a global problem and present in all countries, classes and cultures. The purpose of this study was to examine how social workers in social services describes their work with women, exposed to intimate partner violence. This study a qualitative method, five social workers focusing on this problem, were individually interviewed. The empirical data was analyzed with content analysis. The analysis resulted in a theme, the latent content, which was recurrent through the categories named “knowledge is essential “. Two categories “a passion for having an active interest” and “ it´s all about what glasses you wear” with their sub-categories describe the manifest content in the result. The result has been analyzed from one theoretical perspective system theory and also from the possible room for manoeuvre/ action and bureaucracy. The analysis demonstrates that a holistic view of a womans life situation is an important part of how the work will proceed. The result in this study shows that ”knowledge is essential” in how to receive abused woman and this can reflect in the social workers passion working with abused woman. Also claims that co-workers don´t have enough knowledge to receive abused women. The result shows that municipalities and social workers performing the work in a similar way leads to increased legal certainty from an organizational perspective, but also from the abused woman. The social workers in the study experience that interaction between organizations works well. The result shows that education is important in the work with abused woman. Be received in a good way was seen to be an important foundation in the meeting. In order to work out from the law and new routines and guidelines, the result in the study shows that education both in the university training to became a social worker and at work places in municipalities is needed to open their eyes to be able to recognize the abuse and put more effort in increasing the knowledge in the organizations. This is important to be able to meet the problem in the right way and also prevent the violence that women exposed. Keywords: Social worker, abused woman, knowledge, holistic, treatment.

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Hand-washing compliance was examined by thematic analysis of focus group discussions in nurses, mothers and children. Perceptions in these groups were identical, with the purpose of hand-cleansing seen as self-protection from infection. This assessment is not grounded in microbiology, but is strongly driven by emotion. Two types of hand-cleansing (???hand-hygiene???) behaviour were identified: (a) ???inherent??? hand-washing. This behaviour is taught by mothers to their children early in life. The behaviour occurs when hands have been visibly or ???emotionally??? soiled or feel sticky, and drives most hand-hygiene undertaken in the community; and (b) ???elective??? hand-hygiene, which occurs in the absence of perceived threat. As patient contact by healthcare workers is frequently assessed by healthcare workers as not posing risk, healthcare workers omit much elective hand-hygiene, leading to potential cross-infection. Modelling responses of 754 nurses on the Theory of Planned Behaviour for these two hand-hygiene behaviours in the healthcare setting explained 64% of elective hand-hygiene and 76% of inherent hand-washing intention. Translation of hand-washing behaviour patterns of the community into the healthcare setting is the predominant driver of all hand-hygiene in healthcare workers. In-hospital elective hand-hygiene behaviour is further significantly predicted by belief in the benefit from the activity, peer pressure and role modelling of senior physicians and administrators. For inherent hand-washing intent, only attitudes and peer behaviour are predictive. Time constraints, commonly implicated to explain poor compliance, are important mostly to elective hand-hygiene. Reduction in necessary effort by introducing an alcohol-based hand rub without a concomitant behavioural modification program will therefore have only minimal impact. Further components essential to hand-hygiene programs have been identified. These accord with the outcomes of the modelling and include the need for institutional recognition of hand-hygiene as a priority, overt clinician leadership support, and reinforcement of purpose by both education and performance feedback. In the long-term, society would be best served by altering the entire paradigm of hand-hygiene behaviour with nationwide campaigns based on principles of social marketing. Ideally, hand-hygiene should be taught by mothers and reinforced in early education programs as behaviour that is self-protective but with the defining theme: ???clean your hands, and protect others, not just yourself.???

This thesis aims to contribute to the debate on the role and potential of worker co-operatives in a capitalist economy, and analyses the development of the co-operative sector in Britain since the mid-1970s in the context of an economy undergoing a major crisis and restructuring. Part One examines competing theoretical perspectives in economics towards co-operatives. This reviews and criticises the orthodox neoclassical and behavioural approaches, before turning to a marxist analysis and developing it in the context of co-operatives' role as small enterprises in an economy dominated by large firms. The analysis concentrates upon co-operatives' market relationships and competitive position as the mechanism through which they interact with the rest of the economy. Part Two moves from theory to the concrete, and examines the performance of workers co-operatives as commercial enterprises, in three industries (printing, clothing manufacture, and wholefood distribution) which demonstrate contrasting relationships between large and small firms. It includes an overview of the development and characteristics of the co-operative sector, before investigating the financing of co-operative and their commercial performance. This is then explained in the context of the political and economic development of the co-operative sector, of the British economy, and developments in the industries in question. It finds that whilst the performance of co-operative has improved over time, it remains worse than that of competing capitalist firms in terms of wage levels and capacity to generate a reinvestible surplus. Part Three builds upon this work to identify the important conditions and processes which have contributed to the rapid growth and development of the co-operative sector in Britain, and seeks to develop a broad understanding of the means by which the degeneration of co-operative can be avoided. It concludes that the resurgence and growth of co-operative must be located in the particular form of economic restructuring taking place in the early 1980s. The establishment and survival of co-operatives has been dependent upon support for workers' initiatives by the state, and on the nature of market processes in particular areas of the economy. However, these conditions are transient and the future development of the co-operative sector is crucially dependent upon the long term support of the state and the labour movement.

The purpose of this study was to explore the demographic variables, typical vocational services, and competitive employment rates of older workers, ages 40 - 69 years of age, with disabilities using the RSA-911 database. The results describe the types of services received and the competitive employment outcomes for state and federal vocational rehabilitation consumers receiving services in 2009. Furthermore the sample of older workers (N = 1,152) was equally stratified into three age groups. Older workers, aged 60 to 69, had higher levels of education, received more types of vocational services, and were competitively employed at a much higher rate than those in the other age groups. The methods, discussion, study limitations, and recommendations for future research are presented.

Abstract With the rapid change of industrial structure and economical environment and the influence of globalization, the industrial patterns of employment in Taiwan also face a tremendous transform. At present, the employment of temporary workers which develop rapidly in Taiwan causes the attention and operation of relative group and enterprise, and comparing with Japan, Korea, and Singapore, these countries have official laws to stipulate dispatched work agency, user enterprise, and dispatched worker. Under the circumstances of the lack of stipulation of laws and the intermingled enterprises, the quarrel cases of labor market take place in succession. The factors cause the controversial issues of the legitimatization of the Worker Dispatch Law to come stage again. The study focuses on the necessary of the legitimatization of the Worker Dispatch Law and concludes following findings. Chapter one is introduction concluding the motivation, purpose, and procedure of the study. Chapter two is a retrospection of the development of dispatched workers, concluding the basic ideas and characters of dispatched workers, and the legitimatization of the Worker Dispatch Law and relative satisfaction references to certify the status of the study. Chapter three is an investigation of legitimatization of the Worker Dispatch Law in other countries. And chapter four is a development and tendency of dispatched workers in Taiwan. Chapter five is a research of the relationship of dispatched work agency, user enterprise, and dispatched worker, which analyzing the necessary of the legitimatization of the Worker Dispatch Law by case studies. Chapter six is a conclusion focusing on inducing the conclusions from previous chapters, positing the conclusions and suggestions.

Agency workers are a fundamental part of modern work being characterised in the workplace by a triangular employment relationship between them, the employment agency and the third party employer. The thesis was concerned about the job satisfaction of agency workers on two counts. Firstly, what contributed towards the job satisfaction of this unique type of worker? Secondly, what differences in job satisfaction and related variables arise between agency workers and permanent workers? Preliminary research along with a literature review on job satisfaction and agency workers formulated two sets of hypotheses, those variables relating to agency worker job satisfaction (relational hypotheses), and differences between permanent workers and agency workers (differential hypotheses). Both sets of hypotheses were tested by a quantitative survey, which surveyed 96 agency workers for the relational hypotheses and 157 call centre workers for the differential hypotheses. For the differential hypotheses a control group was used to address the possible influence that the employment of agency workers may have on permanent workers that hitherto has not been controlled for in studies of a similar nature. Semi-structured interviews with workers and employers were used to enlarge the quantitative findings. Organisational commitment, permanent and agency worker relationship were found to be significantly related to job satisfaction in both a correlation and hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis. Involuntary work status had no correlation challenging previous research. Significant differences were seen between agency workers and permanent workers on a number of variables including skill variety, job satisfaction, organisational commitment and job security satisfaction. These results both supported and contradicted previous studies primarily as preceding research had not accounted for the possible influence that agency workers may have on the permanent workers under research.

Magister Artium (Social Work) - MA(SW) / Societies today are rapidly expanding, both demographically and politically, thereby causing adolescents who are HIV positive to be faced with multifaceted challenges. For these societal demands, young people need to acquire the relevant skills. The life skills approach has been found to improve adolescent changes by building skills that are necessary components of healthy development and enables adolescents to deal with life challenges. Evidence suggests that the life skills approach promotes social, cognitive, emotional, and behavioral competencies that are important in decreasing negative or high-risk behaviours (Pearlstein et al.,2013, Mellins et al.,2012) . The aim of this research was to evaluate the life skills programme utilised by social workers, social auxiliary workers and community workers at an NGO that deals with HIV positive adolescents.