Universiẗat, Diss., 2006--Göttingen.

Thesis (D.M.A.)--Ohio State University, 1989. / Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 254-262). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center.

Zugl.: Berlin, Humboldt-Univ., Diss., 2009

Trub obtained from the brewing process was extracted using isopropanol as solvent to yield a bitter hop resin fraction and an insoluble protein complex. The protein was subjected to an amino acid analysis; lysine was the limiting amino acid in trub protein, followed by isoleucine. Its essential amino acid index was approximately equivalent to that of barley protein. Functionally, it was found that trub protein had poor solubility, particularly at acid pH values, but that its water-holding capacity was good. Quantitative evaluation of the trub resin was carried out by lead conductometry, the lead conductance value of 68% being used as a guide to potential brewing value. The extracted resin was also examined qualitatively for its bittering potential by TLC. Although many resin components were separated by means of TLC, difficulties with identification yielded inconclusive results in this area. Finally, the bittering capacity of the trub resin was organoleptically compared to fresh hops in prepared beers. Trub resin was capable of bittering beer but imparted a harsher character to beer than fresh hops. Moreover, the resin tended to inhibit the formation of a stable yeast head during the ale fermentation. Finally, the actual resin extraction procedure was empirically examined to determine the combined effect of agitation and solvent-ratio on the yield of resin and protein. Protein yield was unaffected by these 2 factors, but resin yield was found to be most efficient when employing maximum agitation and using the minimum amount of solvent. Using more solvent did not significantly increase resin yield and tended to depress the effect of agitation. / Land and Food Systems, Faculty of / Graduate

No description available.

No description available.

This thesis explores the histories of mild to moderate depression and the use of over the counter (OTC) St. John’s wort (St. John’s wort) during the 1990s. In doing so it not only investigates the diagnosis and definition of mental illnesses, it also raises questions about the interface between conventional and alternative medicine. Using a variety of printed sources, including popular media articles, scientific and medical journal publications, and St. John’s wort self-help books, a number of historical themes are explored. This thesis takes issue with existing medical historical studies of depression. Firstly it is argued that they have presented progressive depression histories. Secondly, it is suggested that they have retrospectively diagnosed depression on the basis of similar symptoms. It is therefore argued that illness is specific to the time in which it exists and should be understood within its own historical timeframe. During the 1990s standardised St. John’s wort was promoted as a natural and safe remedy. Adverts and media reports also highlighted the fact that it had a long medical history. Although this thesis establishes that the plant has been traditionally used to treat physical illnesses, it seems that a growing distrust of conventional antidepressants, combined with an established interest in alternative medicine, encouraged some lay people to use the remedy to treat mild mood disorders. It is further argued that lay people have a history of self-treating minor mental illnesses using preparatory and OTC remedies such as preparatory nerve tonics. Not only did lay people desire autonomous treatments, it also seems that standardised St. John’s wort provided a functional role as an OTC remedy. By the 1990s the concepts of responsible self-care and self-treatment were being actively encouraged by medical authorities. Therefore this thesis reclassifies the passive mild to moderately depressed patient as an active consumer. Following an analysis of the popular media it is suggested that the 1990s coverage of depression and its treatments was confusing. Indeed, depression and its treatment with conventional medicines and St. John’s wort were sometimes presented as part of a wider life style choice. Finally, it is argued that by the 1990s standardised St. John’s wort received the same scientific and medical scrutiny as conventional medicines. It is therefore suggested that the remedy represents a situation in which the boundaries between conventional and alternative medicines have become increasingly indistinguishable.

Thesis. / Bibliography: p. [4]

No description available.

Major depressive disorder is a common severe psychiatric disorder with unknown etiology. Recent studies show that the loss and malfunction of oligodendrocytes are closely related to the neuropathological changes in depression, which can be reversed by antidepressant treatment. St. Johns wort is an effective and safe herbal treatment for depression in several clinical trials. However, the underlying mechanism of its therapeutic effects is unclear. In this study, we evaluated the effects of hyperforin, a major active component of this herb, on the proliferation, mitochondrial function and development of oligodendrocytes. We have demonstrated that hyperforin increases mitochondrial function and prevents mitochondrial toxin-induced cytotoxicity in oligodendrocyte lineage cells. Hyperforin promotes the maturation of oligodendrocytes but does not increase the proliferation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cell line and neural stem/progenitor cells. Our findings suggest that chronic hyperforin treatment may stimulate the development and function of oligodendrocytes. These results suggest a new mechanism of hyperforin in depression treatment. Future in vitro and in vivo studies are required to further characterize the mechanisms of hyperforin.