Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008. / The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on June 4, 2009) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Univ., Diss., 2009--Marburg.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-15T11:46:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 435456 bytes, checksum: c38ab9cb93018e6c4d934dde6c174c07 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-16 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The present dissertation furnishes a detailed study about modules of logarithmic derivations, here dubbed tangential idealizers, and some of their main features. Initially, several comparisons between such modules are investigated starting from sufficiently related ideals, motivated by a previous study due to Kaplansky as well as by their close relationship with the classical theory of differential ideals of Seidenberg. We then obtain the first central result, which describes a primary decomposition of the tangential idealizer of an ideal without embedded primary component. Finally, in the second main result, we explore the structure of the derivation module for the class of Stanley-Reisner rings, thus corresponding to tangential idealizers of monomial ideals. An application of such a result is an affirmative answer for the homological Zariski-Lipman conjecture for the present class of rings. / A presente dissertação fornece um estudo detalhado sobre módulos de derivações logarítmicas, aqui denominados idealizadores tangenciais, bem como algumas de suas principais características. Inicialmente, várias comparações entre tais módulos são investigadas, a partir de ideais suficientemente relacionados, motivadas por um estudo prévio de Kaplansky e por sua estreita relação com a clássica teoria dos ideais diferenciais de Seidenberg. Em seguida obtém-se o primeiro resultado central, que descreve uma decomposição primária do idealizador tangencial de um ideal sem componente primária imersa. Finalmente, no segundo resultado principal, é explorada a estrutura do módulo de derivações para a classe de anéis de Stanley- Reisner, correspondendo portanto a idealizadores tangenciais de ideais monomiais. Uma aplicação de tal resultado é a resposta afirmativa para a conjectura homológica de Zariski-Lipman para a presente classe de anéis.

La formule du fibré canonique et la décomposition de Fujita-Zariski sont deux outils très importants en géométrie birationnelle. La formule du fibré canonique pour une fibration f:(X,B)→ Z consiste à écrire K_X+Bcomme le tiré en arrière de K_Z+B_Z+M_Z o* K_Z est le diviseur canonique, B_Z contient des informations sur les fibres singulières et M_Z est appelé partie modulaire. Il a été conjecturé qu’il existe une modification birationnelle Z' de Z telle que M_Z' est semi ample sur Z' , o* M_Z' est la partie modulaire induite par le changement de base. Un diviseur pseudo effectif D admet une décomposition de Fujita-Zariski s’il existent un diviseur nef P et un diviseur effectif N tels que D=P+N et P est "le plus grand diviseur nef" avec la propriété que D−P est effectif. / The canonical bundle formula and the Fujita-Zariski decomposition are two very important tools in birational geometry. The canonical bundle formula for a fibration f:(X, B)→Z consists in writing K_X+B as the pul lback of K_Z+B_Z+M_Z where K_Z is the canonical divisor, B_Z contains informations on the singular fibres andM_Z is called moduli part. It was conjectured that there exists a birational modification Z' of Z such that M_Z'is semi ample on Z', where M_Z' is the moduli part induced by the base change. A pseudo effective divisor Dadmits a Fujita-Zariski decomposition if there exist a nef divisor P and an effective divisor N such that D=P+N and P is "the biggest nef divisor" such that D−P is effectve.

This thesis explores the geometric principles underlying many of the known Trichotomy Theorems. The main aims are to unify the field construction in non-linear o-minimal structures and generalizations of Zariski Geometries as well as to pave the road for completely new results in this direction. In the first part of this thesis we introduce a new axiomatic framework in which all the relevant structures can be studied uniformly and show that these axioms are preserved under elementary extensions. A particular focus is placed on the study of a smoothness condition which generalizes the presmoothness condition for Zariski Geometries. We also modify Zilber's notion of universal specializations to obtain a suitable notion of infinitesimals. In addition, families of curves and the combinatorial geometry of one-dimensional structures are studied to prove a weak trichotomy theorem based on very weak one-basedness. It is then shown that under suitable additional conditions groups and group actions can be constructed in canonical ways. This construction is based on a notion of ``geometric calculus'' and can be seen in close analogy with ordinary differentiation. If all conditions are met, a definable distributive action of one one-dimensional type-definable group on another are obtained. The main result of this thesis is that both o-minimal structures and generalizations of Zariski Geometries fit into this geometric framework and that the latter always satisfy the conditions required in the group constructions. We also exhibit known methods that allow us to extract fields from this. In addition to unifying the treatment of o-minimal structures and Zariski Geometries, this also gives a direct proof of the Trichotomy Theorem for "type-definable" Zariski Geometries as used, for example, in Hrushovski's proof of the relative Mordell-Lang conjecture.

La formule du fibré canonique et la décomposition de Zariski sont deux outils très importants en géométrie birationnelle. La formule du fibré canonique pour une fibration f:(X,B)->Z consiste à écrire K_X+B comme tiré en arrière de K_Z+B_Z+M où B_Z contient des informations sur les fibres singulières et M s'appelle partie modulaire. Il a été conjecturé qu'il existe une modification birationnelle Z' de Z telle que M' est semiample, où M' est la partie modulaire induite par changement de base. Un diviseur pseudoeffectif admet une décomposition de Zariski s'il existent un diviseur nef P et un diviseur effectif N tels que D=P+N et P est "le plus grand" diviseur nef tel que D-P est effectif.

The thesis deals with definability of certain Zariski geometries, introduced by Zilber, in the theory of algebraically closed fields. I axiomatise a class of structures, called 'abstract linear spaces', which are a common reduct of these Zariski geometries. I then describe what an interpretation of an abstract linear space in an algebraically closed field looks like. I give a new proof that the structure "quantum harmonic oscillator", introduced by Zilber and Solanki, is not interpretable in an algebraically closed field. I prove that a similar structure from an unpublished note of Solanki is not definable in an algebraically closed field and explain the non-definability of both structures in terms of geometric interpretation of the group law on a Galois cohomology group H¹(k(x), μ_n). I further consider quantum Zariski geometries introduced by Zilber and give necessary and sufficient conditions that a quantum Zariski geometry be definable in an algebraically closed field. Finally, I take an attempt at extending the results described above to complex-analytic setting. I define what it means for quantum Zariski geometry to have a complex analytic model, an give a necessary and sufficient conditions for a smooth quantum Zariski geometry to have one. I then prove a theorem giving a partial description of an interpretation of an abstract linear space in the structure of compact complex spaces and discuss the difficulties that present themselves when one tries to understand interpretations of abstract linear spaces and quantum Zariski geometries in the compact complex spaces structure.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T18:31:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo8679_1.pdf: 627136 bytes, checksum: 56bfa33fc30562d8da5b94b0667149ed (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Dado um ideal em um anel de polinômios coeficientes em um corpo, que usualmente assumimos ter característica zero), podemos considerar as derivações que o preservam. Elas dão origem um modulo especial denominado idealizador diferencial (do ideal dado). Tal objeto desempenha um papel primordi1 nesta tese, que esta dividida em duas seções principais. Na primeira seção a teoria de tais módulos e desenvolvida a partir de uma definição complemente geral: propomos uma versão relativa, no necessariamente polinômio, com propriedades e técnica que se mostra úteis vários resultados subseqüentes. Em seguida focalizamos em idealizadores polinômios, principalmente fornecendo critérios efetivos de refletividade e liberdade, bem como introduzindo a classe dos então chamados ideais (e anéis) diferencialmente livres (generalização não-trivial da conhecida noção de divisor livre). A segunda seção lida com aplicações ao modulo clássico de derivações (ou de campos vetoriais tangentes) de um álgebra finitamente gerada sobre um corpo. Inicialmente e dado um método computacional para obtenção de um conjunto de geradores. Obstruções à sua Cohen-Mculicidde são investigadas - uma delas sendo que o anel deve ser eqüidimensional-, com critérios no caso de hipersuperficies e de interseções completas homogêneas com singularidade isolada. São obtidas decomposição primária no caso reduzido, álgebras de explosão no caso de hipersuperficies, e certas estimativas de multiplicidade. Finalmente, uma resolução livre no caso de anéis diferencialmente livres e explicitada, e versões da Conjectura de Zriski-Iipmn sao estabelecidas

Cette thèse est consacrée à l'étude des variétés projectives strictement convexes de volume fini. Une telle variété est le quotient G\U d'un ouvert proprement convexe U de l'espace projectif réel RP^(n-1) par un sous-groupe discret sans torsion G de SLn(R) qui préserve U. Dans un premier temps, on étudie l'adhérence de Zariski des holonomies de variétés projectives strictement convexes de volume fini. Pour une telle variété G\U, on montre que, soit G est Zariski-dense dans SLn(R), soit l'adhérence de Zariski de G est conjuguée à SO(1,n-1). On s'intéresse ensuite à l'espace des modules des structures projectives strictement convexes de volume fini. On montre en particulier que cet espace des modules est un fermé de l'espace des représentations. / In this thesis, we study strictly convex projective manifolds of finite volume. Such a manifold is the quotient G\U of a properly convex open subset U of the real projective space RP^(n-1) by a discrete torsionfree subgroup G of SLn(R) preserving U. We study the Zariski closure of holonomies of convex projective manifolds of finite volume. For such manifolds G\U, we show that either the Zariski closure of G is SLn(R) or it is a conjugate of SO(1,n-1).We also focuss on the moduli space of strictly convex projective structures of finite volume. We show that this moduli space is a closed set of the representation space.

Neste trabalho, estudamos famílias de curvas genericamente reduzidas. Estendemos para o caso genericamente reduzido alguns resultados conhecidos para famílias de curvas reduzidas como a equivalência entre a Whitney equisingularidade e a resolução simultânea forte da família e a equivalência entre a Whitney equisingularidade e a constância do número de Milnor e da multiplicidade de cada curva Xt da família. Estudamos também a equisingularidade topológica e a Whitney equisingularidade de famílias de superfícies em C3 parametrizadas por germes de aplicações A-finitamente determinados. Em ([51]), Ruas apresentou uma conjectura cujo enunciado diz que se f : (C2, 0) r→ (C3, 0) é um germe de aplicação finitamente determinado, então um desdobramento F a 1-parâmetro de f é topologicamente trivial se, e somente se F é Whitney equisingular se, e somente se o número de Milnor μ(D(ft)) de D(ft) é constante, onde D(ft) é a curva de pontos duplos de ft. Apresentamos contra-exemplos que mostram como esta conjectura pode falhar. Mostramos também uma classe de famílias de germes aplicações ft : (C2, 0) → (C3, 0) em que a conjectura é verdadeira. No caso em que f é homogênea e de coposto 1, mostramos também algumas fórmulas para a multiplicidade da imagem da curva de pontos duplos f(D(f)), o número de Milnor da seção transversal μ1(f(C2)) e o invariante J(f) em termos dos graus de f. Em [44], Nuño-Ballesteros e Jorge Pérez apresentam alguns resultados sobre germes de aplicações f : (Cn, 0) → (C2n-1, 0) com n ≥ 3. Quando f é finitamente determinado, a curva dos pontos duplos D(f) de f tem uma estrutura de curva genericamente reduzida. Apresentamos uma outra forma de abordar alguns problemas descritos em [44] usando resultados sobre curvas genericamente reduzidas. / In this work, we study families of generically reduced curves. We extend to the generically reduced case some results known for families of reduced curves as the equivalence between Whitney equisingularity and strong simultaneous resolution of the family and the equivalence between Whitney equisingularity and the constancy of the Milnor number and the multiplicity of each curve Xt of the family. We also study the topological triviality and the Whitney equisingularity of families of surfaces in C3 parametrized by A-finitely determined map germs. In [51], Ruas presented a conjecture whose statement says that if f : (C2, 0) → (C3, 0) is a finitely determined map germ, then an 1-parameter unfolding F = (ft, t) of f is topological trivial if and only if it is Whitney equisingular if and only if the Milnor number μ(D(ft)) is constant, where D(ft) is the double point curve of ft. We present counter-examples that show how the conjecture can fail. We also show a class of families of map germs ft : (C2, 0) → (C3, 0) in which the conjecture is true. We also give formulas for the multiplicity of the image of the double point curve f(D(f)), the Milnor number of the transversal generic section μ 1f(C2)) and the invariant J(f) in terms of degrees of f in the case in which f is homogeneous and has corank 1. In [44], Nuño-Ballesteros and Jorge Pérez give some results in the case of families of map germs f : (Cn, 0) → (C2n-1, 0) with n ≥ 3. When f is finitely determined, the double point. curve D(f) of f is a generically reduced curve. We present another way of approaching some problems in [44] using results on generically reduced curves.