M.A. (African Languages) / This is a study of the emergent aspects of Zulu proverbs and sayings. The first chapter is devoted to emergent themes in proverbs. That is followed by a chapter on the different strategies that are used in the coining of these proverbs. The sayings are treated in the same manner. It became clear that folklore in African Languages, Zulu in this case, is dynamic. It proves beyond doubt, that proverbs and sayings are not literature of the past; people constantly adapt forms of folklore to suit new circumstances.

M.A. / The work focuses on Vaal Triangle as a case study. Language contact also occur in other areas where various languages impact on each other in various ways. In our study we investigated the state of IsiZulu in the Vaal Triangle, we wanted to find out how it has been influenced by other languages. We also wanted to determine the attitude towards this language. The study established that the state of IsiZulu in this area is pathetic and that much influence comes from Sesotho. The Vaal Triangle community has a positive attitude towards IsiZulu. However their interest in learning it is not much. What came clear again is that some of the respondents who regard IsiZulu as their home language, do not speak it with all family members. This practice has a negative impact on the learning of this language. It is also evident from this investigation that very little has been done at this stage to improve the state of IsiZulu. Recommendations that are suggested might improve the situation to some extent, if they are implemented.

Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of African Language at the University of Zululand, South Africa, 2009. / Lolu cwaningo luyimizamo nemvuselelo yamasiko okusingatha abantwana besuka ebeleni baze babe badala. Kunezigaba eziningana umntwana edlula kuzo kulolu khalo lokukhula oluphikelele ebudaleni. Namuhla kunezinkinga ezitholakalayo lapho abazali bekhulisa abantwana babo. Izinkinga ezibangwa ukunyonkela isikomqondo laseNtshonalanga. AbaseNtshonalanga abakhombisi nhlanganyelo uma bekhulisa abantwana babo. AmaZulu wona athi umntwana owesizwe, okaBayede Ongangezwe lakhe, iNgonyama. Abantwana bamaZulu bakhuliswa ngenhlanganyelo kusukela konina, kubazanyana kuze kuyofika emaqhikizeni uma kanti umntwana uyintombazane. Abafana bona bakhulela esizikithini sabanewabo okuyibona beqondisa indlela yabo ezinkomeni. Umcwaningi uthi uZulu ake awaphonse emuva abone ukuthi babekhuliswa, besingathwa kanjani abantwana kwelasendulo. Isahluko sokuqala sigxile ezinhlosweni kanye nenkuthazo efikele umcwaningi ngenkathi ebona umonakalo nencithakalo isizwe esesiphila kuyo. Ucwaninge ngalesi sihloko egcizelela amasiko ayegcinelwa abantwana ngezikhathi ezithile zokukhula. Kulesi sahluko kubukwe nendlela okuzoqhutshwa ngayo ucwaningo. Kuyokwenziwa njani ukuze lolu cwaningo lube yimpumelelo. Lapha kubuye kwabhekwa izikhali eziyosetshenziswa ukuyifezekisa inhloso yocwaningo. Kuzothi kanti kubuzwa kubantu bangakhohlakali ongoti, omakadebona. Banolwazi oseluhloliwe lwathenjwa yisizwe. Isahluko sesibili kubhekwa umuzi wesiZulu njengekhaya akhulela kulo umntwana. Ikhaya ngokwalo lingumqeqeshi isibili. Abantwana bafunda ekhaya ukuhlonipha abanye kanye nabadala. Uhlonze lwekhaya lubonakala kumntwana okhuliswe yilo. Asifiki isikhathi lapho abantu bethi: “Lokhu kwakhulela esimpontshini njengephela.” Kulesi sahluko kubhekwa izindlu nokubaluleka kwazo. Kubhekwa uthango, isibaya nemithetho yokusingatha lezi zakhiwo. Kusekhaya lapho abantwana befundiswa ngezimakade ezinjengoMvelinqangi noNomkhubulwana. Kulesi sahluko abantwana bafundiswa ngenhlonipho yempahla, izinkomo nezimbuzi. Bafundiswa ngobungcwele bobisi nokuphathwa kwalo. Imfundiso ihamba ize iyofika ebulongweni imbala. Nabo buphathwa ngenhlonipho njengobisi. Kulesi sahluko kubukwa ukuphathwa kwamanzi phakathi komuzi wesiZulu. Abantwana bafundiswa ukungahambi ebusuku funa badibane nemimoya efuqayo. Abantwana bafundiswa inhlonipho yokungabizi amagama abantu abadala. Bafunda nokuthakazela okusigcwalisa nswi isiZulu. Isahluko sesithathu sigxile endlini kagogo njengesizinda okhalweni lokukhaliphisa abantwana. Kukule ndlu lapho abantwana beqoqana khona ngezintambama bezofunda ubuchwepheshe kuninakhulu. Yiyo le ndlu eyisizinda sezinganekwane, iziphicaphicwano, imidlalo yokufunda ukubala izinyoni. Kukuyo le ndlu lapha abantwana befundiswa khona imilolozelo yokuthulisa abantwana. Abantwana bafundiswa ngabathakathi nemikhovu. Isahluko sesine sibheka imidlalo yabantwana njengesu lokubakhulisa. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zemidlalo ekhulisa imiqondo yabantwana. Kulesi sahluko kubalwa okhelekhele, ukubala izinyoni njengomdlalo. Ukudla iphaphu kungumdlalo omkhulu wabafana ekwaluseni. Abantwana bafundisana ukuzingela amabuzi neminye imidlalo. Isahluko sesihlanu silandela abafana ekwaluseni nalapho behlangana nezinyoni. Abafana bafunda ngezinyoni ezingadliwa nezidliwayo. Kufundwa ngomthelela wezinyoni esintwini. Ezinye zingabahlonzi bezikhathi, zibikezela ihlobo. Zivusa omame ukuba batshathe amakhuba bayolima. Kubukwa nendlela ezizalela ngayo. Lezo zinyoni ziwondla ngani amaphuphu azo. Ezinye izinyoni ziphila ngokusizana ekufukameleni amaqanda nasekondleni amaphuphu. Kukhona ezinye izinyoni ezidla ezinye. Ezinye zilusizo, zilayela abafana izinyosi. Kunezisho nezaga zesiZulu ezisuselwa ezinyonini. Isahluko sesithupha siyingqikithi yalolu cwaningo. Kubukwa abantwana bengena ezigabeni ezehlukene, bengena ngemigidi nangamasiko. Kulesi sahluko kubalwa ukuklekla namasiko okukusingatha. Kulesi sahluko kukhulunywa ngesiko lokusukula. Lisingathwa kanjani leli siko. Abantwana balandelwa base bakhule, amantombazane vi aphuke. Uma intombazane yephukile, isingathwa kanjani imicimbi yalokho kwephuka. Uma umfana eshaywe izibuko, kwenziwa njani ukusingatha leyo micimbi. Isahluko sesikhombisa kubukwa abantwana baze bakhule. Uma sebekulesi sigaba babe sebexibulana beshelana belungisela ukuganana. Kukhulunywa ngamacece ahlanganisa abasha. Abantwana bakhula phansi kweso elibukhali lamaqhikiza uma bengamantombazane. Bakhula phansi kweso elibukhali labanewabo uma bengabafana. Abantwana bafundiswa indlela yokuziphatha uma benosofasilahlane babo. Isahluko sesishiyagalombili siveza isihlaziyo lapho kuhlaziywa khona ucwaningo. Kuvezwa nezincomo ezingalandelwa ukuvula amehlo omphakathi ukuze usizakale ezinkingeni zawo. Izincomo zikhuthaza kakhulu umuzi oNsundu ukuba unamathele emagugwini awo okuyindlela amasiko nenkolo yoMdabu ukuze kuthi noma beqhuba ngendlela yesilungu kodwa bangakulahli okwakubo okuyindlela yawokhokho babo. Kulesi sahluko kubesekuboshwa onke amafindo abengakaboshwa. Aboshwa aqiniswe kube isiphethiwe-ke imbenge.

Submitted in partial fullfilment for the requirements of the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of IsiZulu namaGugu in the Faculty of Arts at the University of Zululand, 2001. / UMvelinqangi udabule ohlangeni izinhlanga zabantu ezahlukahlukene. Inhloso yikuba zihlobise urnhlaba wakhe. Izinhlanga lezi zinikwe ilungelo lokuphila ngemvelo futhi zibuse phezu kwayo. Lezi zinhlanga zikleziswe ngamasiko anhlobonhlobo okumele ziphile ngawo. UZulu omnyama ondlela zimhlophe ungolunye lwalezi nhlanga. Ukuzingela izinyamazane kusemithanjeni yegazi lesizwe sikaPhunga noMageba. Lokhu kudalwa yikwambulelwa kwaso ubuqiniso bokuthi kumele siphile ngemvelo ngoba naso siyimvelo. Ukubaluleka kokuzingela esizweni samaZulu kucaca bha kuhle kombala womvemve lapho kugcinwa amasiko athize. Kuphuma inqina iyojikijela lapho kuhlanjululwa inhloko yesizwe noma umnumzane. Emkhosini wakoMkhulu lapho inkosi izonyathela uselwa, ibutho liphuma inqina. Inqina ingumdlalo ngoba amaphisi akhiphelana ubuchwepheshe bokuba zinkombi ekuhlabeni izinyamazane. Ucwaningo luhlose ukucacisa ubumqoka besiko lokuzingela kubantu abansundu. Luhlose ukucacisa kabanzi ngezinhlobo zenqina ezikhona kanye nezinhloso zazo. Luhlose ukukhanyisa kabanzi ngobumqoka bemvelo empilweni yeSintu. Luhlose ukucacisa bha indlela abazingeli abaziphatha ngayo lapho bephume inqina. Lubabele ukuphonsa itshe esivivaneni sokugcinwa kwamasiko oMdabu ahlaselwa yimbovane ephokophele ukuwabhuqa nya Ukufaka ugqozi emphakathini ukuba uzigcine kahle izinto ezingamagugu esizwe. Ukukhanyisa kabanzi ngeqhaza elibanjwe yinqina namaphisi ekuthuthukisweni kolirni lwesiZulu. Ucwaningo luzogxila emalungiselelweni enqina. Luzophinde lubheke ukumenywa kwenqina kanye nezikhali ezisetshenziswayo lapho kuzingelwa. Luzobheka kabanzi izinhlobo zenqina ezilandeiayo: Inqinambumbulu; inqina yakomkhulu; inqina yesigodi; inqina yomkhosi wokunyathela uselwa; inqina kakhukhulelangoqo nenqina yehlambo. Isikhathi sokuphuma inqina sizobhekwa kabanzi. Luzophinde luthinte izigubho zenqina. Luzogxila kanzulu kwinqubo elandelwayo enqineni Luzogxila kabanzi ezimweni zokukhuluma eziqambeke ngenxa yempilo yobuphisi eyayiphilwa ngokhokho.

A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS, in the faculty of Arts in the department of ISIZULU NAMAGUGU at the University of Zululand, 2006. / Lolu cwaningo lucubungula amagalelo ka M.M. Masondo ekubhaIweni kwenoveJi yophenyo eSiZulwini. Lolu ewaningo lubanzi, kodwa phakathi kokunye luthinta izinsizakuhlaziya (theories) zenoveli, imigomo yenoveli yophenyo kanye neqhaza labaiingiswa ophenyweni. Kukhethwe le mibhalo ka M.M. Masondo ngoba kubonakala kunguye osebhale amanoveli ophenyo amaningi lapha olimini lweSiZulu. Lo msebenzi wehlukaniswe waba yizahluko ezinhlanu, kanje: ISAHLUKO SOKUQALA Lesi sahluko sethula lokho okuzoeutshungulwa kulolu ewaningo, ubumqoka kanye nemiklamo yalo. Kugxilwe kabanzi nasemlandweni ngempilo ka M.M. Masondo. Kugxilwe ekuvezeni umehluko phakathi kwenoveli ejwayelakile kanye nenoveli yophenyo. Kuthintwe nezincazelo zamagama abukeka esemqoka kulolu cwaningo. ISAHLUKO SESIBILI Kulesi sahluko kugxilwe kabanzi ekueubunguleni izinsizakuhlaziya zenoveli. Kunokondiswe lezo okubonakale ukuthi zizoyikhanyisa kangeono inoveli yophenyo. Lezo zinsizakuhlaziya kube isenzekongqo (realism) kanye nenjulalisu (stylistics). Kugxilwe nasekucubunguleni ezinye izinhlobo zamanoveli ophenyo. Lokhu kuveze ukuthi kukhona uhlobo oIungathathwa ngokuthi luyinoveli yophenyo yakudala, kube khona nohlobo oIuyinoveli yophenyo engaphelele kanye nenoveli yophenyo yesimanje. Yilolu hlobo lokugema-ke okungena kulo amanoveli kaMasondo. ISAHLUKO SESITHATHU Lesi sahluko sona sivula ngokwethula iqoqa lamanoveli kaMasondo okugxilwe kuwo kulolu cwaningo. Iqoqa lenzelwe ukukhanyisela labo abayofunda lolu cwaningo bengakaze balithole ithuba lokuwafunda onke la manoveli kaMasondo okugxilwe kuwo kulo msebenzi. Kubuye kwagxilwa nasemigonyeni yenoveli yophenyo. Kugxilwe kule migomo elandelayo: I. Icala lobugengu elibukeka IisobaIa 2. Umsolwa onukeka ebe engenacala. 3. Ukunhlanhlatha kwamaphoyisa. 4. Ukukhalipha nokuqaphela komphenyi. 5. lbohlololo elethusayo. ISAHLUKO SESINE Lesi sahluko sona sigxile eqhazeni elibanjwe abalingiswa ophenyweni lwamanoveli ka Masondo. Kucutshungulwa labo balingiswa abasemqoka kubhekwe ukukholeka nokungakholeki kwabo, nanomthelela lokhu okungase kube nawo emanovelini ngokwehlukana kwawo. Kucutshungulwe nokhondolo oluqaphelekayo emanovelini ka Masondo, Iapho okuvela ukuphindaphindwa kwamagama abalingiswa athile emanovelini ahlukene. kucutshungulwe noukuthi lokhu kunamthelela muni kule misebenzi ka Masondo. ISAHLUKO SESIHLANU Le ngxenye igxile ekusongeni ucwaningo. Kubuye kwethulwa neziphakamiso zalolu cwaningo. Kule ngxenye kuphinde kuvezwe nokuthi uMasondo useyibekile induku ebandla mayelana nokubhalwa kwenoveli yophenyo esiZulwinL kangangokuthi imisebenzi yakhe isiyohlala iyisilinganiso salolu hlobo lwemibhalo.

A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the department of Isizulu naMagugu in the Faculty of arts at the University of Zululand, 2005. / Lona umsebenzi wocwaningo ohlelwe ngokwezahluko eziyisikhombisa. Leso naleso sahluko sigxile emgomeni owodwa ogqamile ezinkondlweni zembongi ekhethelwe lolu cwaningo u-EJ Mhlanga. ISAHLUKO 1: sendlalela ucwaningo ngokucubungulisisa izinhloso, izindlela nomkhawulo wocwaningo kanye nomlando wembongi okuhlaziywa izinkondlo zayo. Kugxilwe ezinhlosweni zokucwaninga imvumelwano, ifanamsindo, ukuxhumanisa, impindamqondo nempindwa kanye nesigqi. Umkhawulo wocwaningo ugxile emaqoqweni ezinkondlo ayisithupha, okukhethwe izinkondlo ezingamashumi amane nesithupha ezihlungelwe lolu cwaningo. Kusetshenziswe izindlela zocwaningo ezimbili: indlela yemibuzo negokufundwa kwezincwadi eziqukethe imigomo yokuhluza. ISAHLUKO 2: sithinta imvumelwano ezinkondlweni eziqokiwe. Sigqamisa izindawo izimvumelwano ezitholakala kuzona: ekuqaleni, maphakathi nasekugcineni kwemigqa yezinkondlo. ISAHLUKO 3: kucutshungulwe ukufana kwemisindo ukusukela konkamisa, ongwaqa kuze kufinyelele kumalunga. Kuhlaziywe kabanzi ofanankamisa, fanangwaqa nefuzamsindo ekuvezeni imiqondo nemigqumo ezinkondlweni. ISAHLUKO 4: lapha kucwaningwe ngokuxhumanisa kwagxilwa ezindaweni okwenzeka kuzona: ekuqaleni, maphakathi nasekugcineni kwemigqa yezinkondlo. Kuhlaziywe nendlela okwenzeka ngayo okuthinta ukweqa imigqa, ukuphambana, ubunxemu nokuba mazombe. ISAHLUKO5: siveza ukusebenza kwempindamqondo egqanyiswe ukusetshenziswa kwamagama aphindiwe ngenhloso yokuletha umgqumo ezinkondlweni. Impindwa ivuzwe ukuphindeka kwemigqa ekuqaleni, mmaphakathi nasekugcineni kwezingaba zezinkondlo. ISAHLUKO 6: kucutshungulwe isigqi esigqanyiswe ukwelekana kwemigqa, ukweqiwa kwawonkamisa, amalunga namagama athile aphelele. Kuhlaziywe izigaba, izindima nezikhawu ezitholakala ezinkondlweni ezikhethelwe lolu cwaningo. ISAHLUKO 7: siqoqela ndawonye imiphumela nezincomo zocwaningo. Kuvela iziphakamiso nezinselelo okufanele zihlolisiswe ngabanye abacwaningi ekuhluzweni kwezinkondlo.

Submitted to the Faculty of Arts in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in the Department of African Languages at the University of Zululand, South Africa, 1991. / This dissertation discusses the structure and content of C.S.Z.Ntuli's essays. The study however covers a wider scope, from the origin and development of Zulu essays. It also concentrates on the subjects discussed by Ntuli in his essays. Ntuli's essays have been chosen because Ntuli is regarded as the best Zulu essayist at present. The study have been treated in six chapters. CHAPTER 1 In this chapter motivation and scope that will be covered by this research have been laid out. This chapter also includes different definitions of essays by different scholars. An attempt has been made to select only those definitions which define Ntuli's essays accurately. The origin and development of essays are also dealt with in this chapter. It is pointed out that; though this genre is old, its development was very slow in Zulu. This Chapter also makes an attempt'to explain clearly how the essay differs from a short story. Emphasis is laid on structural differences of these two genres. CHAPTER 2 This area is the centre of this research- It exposes the structure of essays, concentrating on the components of the essay. The difference between the introduction, body and conclusion have been di scussed thoroughly. The chapter also deals with the uses of the components by the essayist. It shows how the components are used interchangeably in each essay. CHAPTER 3 This chapter deals with the different types of essays written by C.S.Z. Ntuli. These include the expository, medidative, narrative and the persuasive essays. CHAPTER 4 This part deals with the contents of Ntuli's essays. It refers to subjects which Ntuli discusses in his essays. A variety of subjects are discussed by the essayist. Though an attempt has been made to group essays according to content, a problem of overlapping subjects could be observed. CHAPTER 5 This portion concentrates on Ntuli's style. It exposes techniques the essayist uses when writing his essays. The chapter shows clearly that the essayist can handle language properly and in the best way. CHAPTER 6 This chapter deals with findings and observations revealed by this research. It was observed that Ntuli contributed a great deal in the field of literature as a whole with these essays. Ntuli's essays are also interesting, convincing and educative.

A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Arts in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of African Languages at the University Of Zululand, South Africa, 2014 / This research investigates the importance of Zulu culture, with special emphasis on umsamo and isibaya. This research looks at the role played by umsamo and isibaya when amaZulu perform their culture. This research attempts to find out the sanctity of umsamo to the Zulu nation. It also gives an explanation of what umsamo is to those who might not understand it, so that they can understand it. The research also reveals when umsamo is used, who has the right or responsibility to address umsamo and also what is taken to umsamo when addressing it. Furthermore, the research shows the relationship between umsamo and isibaya, since both these places and areas are the abode of the ancestors. Just like umsamo, isibaya’s importance as well as the work or functions conducted there are revealed by this research. This research is divided into five chapters. Chapter one is the introduction where we look at the problem leading to the research, the aims of the research, the motivation for the research, the method of conducting the research and the beneficiaries of the research. Chapter two looks at the different forms of data collection then finally select those forms to be used to conduct the research. Chapter three looks at all the data that has ever been collected on umsamo and isibaya. The section also shows different ideas by different writers and well-experienced researchers who have done research on this subject. The researcher analyses other researcher’s ideas to find out their similarities and differences. Chapter four shows the ideas from people residing in Mandeni who are knowledgeable about Zulu culture. These people were born and bred in Mandeni and are relied upon or trusted on their knowledge of Zulu culture. This section also touches on the information of newspapers especially Isolezwe, Ilanga neLanga LangeSonto since they have columns vii dedicated to investigating and explaining Zulu culture. In these columns different Zulu culture intellectuals are used. Chapter five gives an overall summary of the research, recommendations and conclusion.

A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Arts in fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Masters of Arts in the Department of African Languages at the University of Zululand, 2015 / This research is about the behaviour of young girls and boys amongst the Zulu Nation. It is about the process of blood-letting in the youth of Zulu Nation. There is a belief in the Zulu`s customs, that the hot blood in the youth encourages boys and girls to became too hot or fast in the opposite sex. Chapter one is the general introduction of the research topic where the following topics form part of the research proposal. These include; introduction, problem statement, motivation of the study, aims of research, research methodology, delimitation of the problem, literature review, importance of the research, beneficiaries, hypothesis/assumptions, ethical considerations, intellectual property and innovation, definition of problematic terms, division of chapters and conclusion of the chapter. Chapter two deals with different techniques or types of research methods used by researchers in various topics. This includes the following research methods, qualitative research method, quantitative method, questionnaires method, interviewing method, telephone research method, experimental method, narrative research method, phenomelogical method and case study. Chapter three deals with the various methods of strengthening the Zulu child against the dangers that are thought to threaten it during the first few months of its life. It deals with a transition from childhood to adulthood. The development of the Zulu child from childhood to manhood or womanhood is also discussed. Chapter four investigates the main pattern of blood-letting in the youth of Zulu Nation. It also reveals how the process of blood-letting is done in the youth. Chapter five deals with analysis, recommendations and conclusion.

Submitted to the Faculty of Arts for the fulfillment of the degree Master of Arts in the Department of IsiZulu naMagugu at the University of Zululand, 2010. / Kuningi okuvunjululwe ucwaningo. Kutholakale ukuthi ulimi lwesiZulu nanamhlanje lusabukelwa phansi kunezinye izilimi. Abantu abaNsundu abakhuluma ulimi lwesiZulu nabo bayazenyeza ngolimi lwabo. Akukho ukuziqhenya nokuziqhayisa ngolimi lwabo. Lokho kubonakala ngokuthi balukhulume babuye baluxube nolimi lwezinye izizwe, olunjengolimi lwesiNgisi nesiBhunu. UMthethosisekelo waseNingizimu Afrika, wonyaka we-1996, uveza ngokusobala ukuthi izilimi azisebenze ngokulinganayo. Ngokocwaningo izikhungo eziningi ezivakashelwe kutholakale zingawulandeli lo Mthethosisekelo. Kutholakala kunezilimi ezisetshenziswa kakhulu kunezinye. Abantu abangazazi lezo zilimi ezisetshenziswa kakhulu, bazithola besenkingeni enkulu. Ucwaningo belubheka nokuthi ngabe imibhalo eyayibhalwe ngolimi lwesiNgisi nesiBhunu isihunyushelwe yini olimini lwesiZulu. Eminye imibhalo sekuzanyiwe ukuthi ihunyushwe kodwa eminye isabhalwe ngalo ulimi lwesiNgisi nesiBhunu. Kutholakale ukuthi naleyo mibhalo esihunyushiwe, eminye ibhalwe ngesiZulu esingaqondile. Kucace ngokusobala ukuthi iBhodi leziLimi laseNingizimu Afrika (PanSALB) kanye nabacubunguli bolimi, kumele bathathe igxathu elikhulu. Kumele kube nezikhungo zokuqeqesha abahumushi notolika. Abantu abaqashelwa ukuhumusha nokutolika kube yilabo abaqeqeshiwe. Izikhungo okwenziwe kuzo ucwaningo iningi lazo azazi ukuthi inqubomgomo yolimi ibalulekile. Abacubunguli bolimi kumele baphume bangene bafundise ngenqubomgomo yolimi, ngoba abazi nokuthi kuyini lokho. Ukuphetha nje ulimi lwesiZulu luthuthuka kancane kakhulu eNingizimu Afrika.