近年來，銀行業面臨過度競爭的困境，銀行家數過多使得業者紛紛採用價格競爭的方式來搶攻市場。加上普遍缺乏金融創新的能力，服務與產品趨向同質化，更使該產業處於競爭激烈的環境。政府為了提升公營銀行的經營績效，遂以民營化作為提升競爭力的方法，民營化後是否能夠有效提升績效，來解決效率不彰的問題，是個值得深入探究的議題。
本研究即探討公營銀行民營化前後經營績效的差異。從銀行經營的五大原則，安全性、經營能力、流動性、獲利性和成長性等五個財務因素切入，運用結構方程式模式探討因素間的關係，再進一步研究15項財務指標在民營化前後之差異。研究發現，安全性與成長性會顯著地正向影響獲利性，而經營能力也會顯著地正向影響成長性。表示銀行的管理者想要維持獲利能力，必須同時兼顧業務成長與風險的控管。
此外，在民營化之後顯著改善的財務指標有三個，分別為股東權益比率、流動比率與速動比率。顯著衰退的則有八個，分別為固定資產轉率、淨值週轉率、總資產週轉率、資產報酬率、淨值報酬率、純益率、淨值成長率與營收成長率等。因此，公營銀行在民營化之後，顯著改善了安全性與流動性指標，雖然加強了風險控管，但是在經營能力、獲利性與成長性指標中卻呈現顯著衰退現象。顯示民營化對於公營銀行競爭力的提升，在研究期間內成效並不如預期。
關鍵字：公營銀行、民營化、經營績效、銀行經營原則、結構方程式模式 / In recent years, there are many difficulties in the Taiwanese banking industry, especially the over-banking problem. Every bank uses the price competition to broaden its market share because they have no innovative ability to create new products and services. In order to solve this problem, Taiwanese government regarded privatization as the best way to improve state-owned banks’ operating performance. This issue has also become a very popular subject of studies.
This study investigated the difference of operating performance between pre-privatization and post-privatization. It discussed and examined the relationship among Safety, Activity, Liquidity, Profitability and Growth. Based on the results, Profitability is directly affected by Safety and Growth. In addition, Growth is also directly affected by Activity. So, if managers of a bank want to make profit continuously, they have to care about not only sales growth but also risk management.
After privatization, there are three increasing indicators, including equity ratio, current ratio and quick ratio. However, there are still eight decreasing ones, inclusive of fixed asset turnover ratio, equity turnover ratio, total asset turnover ratio, return on asset (ROA), return on equity (ROE), profit margin on sales, equity growth rate and sales growth rate. As a result, privatization is probably not the best solution to improve the operating performance of state-owned banks.
Key words: state-owned banks, privatization, operating performance
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:CHENGCHI/G0093355006 |
| Creators | 洪偉洲, Hung,Wei-Chou |
| Publisher | 國立政治大學 |
| Source Sets | National Chengchi University Libraries |
| Language | 中文 |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | text |
| Rights | Copyright © nccu library on behalf of the copyright holders |
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