一國之國會運作可謂民主進步的原動力，其運作之良善更有賴社會大眾有力之監督，利益團體在遊說時出現盲點，甚至抓不到遊說程序的重點，就會陷入「事倍功半」的窘境，很難期待行政官員或立法委員能夠支持，甚至願意挺身而出為政策執行或立法盡一份心力。
本研究自文獻參考中整理出一「台灣利益團體遊說」研究模型，然後自1993年-2005年十三年間，從中挑選了二十個案例，以具體交叉分析該等利益團體在遊說過程時所須注意或引用之各項因素，透過質化分析，探討利益團體其策略運作情形及優缺點；並且套用策略管理學上所常用的SWOT分析模式，試圖找出利益團體遊說之台灣經驗模式。
研究發現，遊說不管是公益性組織或私利性組織，清楚知道本身的遊說目的、遊說的方法固然重要，亦必須考慮遊說的外在環境以及遊說主體本身的性質問題，若太過偏重於遊說行動策略的單向思考，而忽視外在環境的現實問題以及操作主體實力的優劣勢分析，易於產生僵化式的遊說策略模式。
所以有心進行遊說之組織均應洞悉和操作方式，但操作之前亦必須先充分掌握遊說之外在環境和操作主體的優劣勢後，再視輕重緩急、量力而為，並適時做調整，以達到截長補短、前景預測的最佳狀態，以利遊說目的圓滿成功。
關鍵詞：利益團體、遊說、倡議、國會運作、策略、SWOT / The Congress operation functions as the driving force for a country to progress towards democracy. The operational performance of the Congress depends upon powerful supervision by the general public. Sometimes the interest groups may fall into the “fruitlessness” dilemma in the event that they run into a blind spot, or even when they fail to hit the nail on the head. In turn, they can hardly win support from government officers or congressmen. They will come forward to defend the executive or legislative performance.
Through literature review, this research designs a model and applies it to analyze the performance of 20 interest groups in Taiwan selected between 1993 and 2005. In particular, this model analyzes the pros and cons of different strategies employed by these interest groups. In addition, this model also uses the SWOT analysis developed from strategic management to generalize the behavior patterns of selected interest groups.
This research finds out that the external environment and the nature of issues are also important factors affecting the lobbying results. If an interest group focuses only on the lobbying strategies but ignores the external environment or relative strength between the subject and others, it may generalize rigid lobbying strategies.
Therefore, the success of lobbying depends on an interest group’s assessment of external environment and relative strength before operation, as well as the lobbying strategies and adjustments during operation.
Key words: Interest groups, Lobby, Advocacy, Congressional operation, strategies, SWOT
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:CHENGCHI/G0093932005 |
| Creators | 蔣念祖, Chiang,Nien-Tsu |
| Publisher | 國立政治大學 |
| Source Sets | National Chengchi University Libraries |
| Language | 中文 |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | text |
| Rights | Copyright © nccu library on behalf of the copyright holders |
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