美國因拜杜法案頒佈，將研發成果下放研發機構的推波助瀾下，不論是授權或成立新創事業，專利成功商品化的例子大量增加，同時為了將研發成果推展到產業創造經濟價值，許多專責單位紛紛成立，大學或研發機構普設技術移轉辦公室（Technology licensing office, TLO）。
而不論是大學或研發機構，其技術與研發成果，唯有透過商品化的過程，才能獲取真正的利益；商品化的方式依其技術特性的不同，可以區分為「專利授權」與「創立衍生企業」兩種方式；兩者沒有優劣之分，端視技術本身特性進行選擇。
鄰近我國的日本，擁有豐沛的研發能量，日本大企業在國際產業也多居領導地位；然其大學與研發機構研究成果的授權或實際創立企業的成績，長期以來都不理想，為了提升日本的國際競爭力，日本政府十年來陸續頒佈許多相關法案，學校與研發機構更積極配合運作。
本研究訪問東京大學、早稻田大學、AIST與東京工業大學等單位後發現，技術移轉辦公室在研發成果商品化的過程中，同時扮演導正研發方向與輔導廠商成長的雙重角色：其藉由業師輔導（Mentoring）、創業教育（Education）、激勵誘因（Incentive）、專利行銷（Marketing）、投資資金（Investment）與衝突解決（Resolution）這六個構面作為，使組織內人員之研發方向不偏離市場所需，並協助廠商提升承接技術移轉的能力，進而提升研發成果商品化的成功機率。
關鍵字：技術移轉辦公室、TLO、商品化、技術授權、衍生企業 / With the passage of the Bayh-Dole Act, the transfer of exclusively controlled research efforts to research and development organizations as well as business operation fosters successful commercialization of the patent-licensing business and new ventures; meanwhile, university or research institutions establish Technology Licensing Office (TLO) performing a wide variety of highly specialized patenting and licensing functions of inventions to develop research outcomes to commercial marketplace in order to create economic value.
From universities to research institutions, commercialization process is the only way to extract profit from technology research efforts. The patterns of Commercialization can be split into two forms by its characteristics: Patent-licensing and Spin-off ventures. Choices between the above two commercialization patterns are not based on pros and cons but the characteristics.
Japan owns powerful research energies and Japanese enterprises pioneer on international industries; however, the outcomes from licensing of new ventures or Japanese universities and academic research laboratories’ research results have been lack of success. To enhance international competitive advantages, Japanese government has enacted many related regulations and laws; meanwhile, universities and research laboratories are compliant aggressively with patenting and licensing regulations.
After a series of researches have been conducted with Tokyo University, Wesada University, AIST and Tokyo Institute of Technology, Technology Licensing Office (TLO) enacts dual roles of engaging in correcting research direction and supporting the development of new industries during the process of commercialization: through the following six aspects: Mentoring, Education, Incentive, Marketing, Investment and Resolution to ensure research direction best meet market’s needs and enhance business entities’ abilities of technology transfer; furthermore, to increase the success rate from commercialization of research outcomes.
Key Word: TLO、commercialization、licensing、spin-off venture.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:CHENGCHI/G0923590021 |
| Creators | 林秉毅 |
| Publisher | 國立政治大學 |
| Source Sets | National Chengchi University Libraries |
| Language | 中文 |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | text |
| Rights | Copyright © nccu library on behalf of the copyright holders |
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