美國因拜杜法案頒佈，將研發成果下放研發機構的推波助瀾下，不論是授權或成立新創事業，專利成功商品化的例子大量增加，同時為了將研發成果推展到產業創造經濟價值，許多專責單位紛紛成立，大學或研發機構普設技術移轉辦公室（Technology licensing office, TLO）。 而不論是大學或研發機構，其技術與研發成果，唯有透過商品化的過程，才能獲取真正的利益；商品化的方式依其技術特性的不同，可以區分為「專利授權」與「創立衍生企業」兩種方式；兩者沒有優劣之分，端視技術本身特性進行選擇。 鄰近我國的日本，擁有豐沛的研發能量，日本大企業在國際產業也多居領導地位；然其大學與研發機構研究成果的授權或實際創立企業的成績，長期以來都不理想，為了提升日本的國際競爭力，日本政府十年來陸續頒佈許多相關法案，學校與研發機構更積極配合運作。 本研究訪問東京大學、早稻田大學、AIST與東京工業大學等單位後發現，技術移轉辦公室在研發成果商品化的過程中，同時扮演導正研發方向與輔導廠商成長的雙重角色：其藉由業師輔導（Mentoring）、創業教育（Education）、激勵誘因（Incentive）、專利行銷（Marketing）、投資資金（Investment）與衝突解決（Resolution）這六個構面作為，使組織內人員之研發方向不偏離市場所需，並協助廠商提升承接技術移轉的能力，進而提升研發成果商品化的成功機率。 關鍵字：技術移轉辦公室、TLO、商品化、技術授權、衍生企業 / With the passage of the Bayh-Dole Act, the transfer of exclusively controlled research efforts to research and development organizations as well as business operation fosters successful commercialization of the patent-licensing business and new ventures; meanwhile, university or research institutions establish Technology Licensing Office (TLO) performing a wide variety of highly specialized patenting and licensing functions of inventions to develop research outcomes to commercial marketplace in order to create economic value. From universities to research institutions, commercialization process is the only way to extract profit from technology research efforts. The patterns of Commercialization can be split into two forms by its characteristics: Patent-licensing and Spin-off ventures. Choices between the above two commercialization patterns are not based on pros and cons but the characteristics. Japan owns powerful research energies and Japanese enterprises pioneer on international industries; however, the outcomes from licensing of new ventures or Japanese universities and academic research laboratories’ research results have been lack of success. To enhance international competitive advantages, Japanese government has enacted many related regulations and laws; meanwhile, universities and research laboratories are compliant aggressively with patenting and licensing regulations. After a series of researches have been conducted with Tokyo University, Wesada University, AIST and Tokyo Institute of Technology, Technology Licensing Office (TLO) enacts dual roles of engaging in correcting research direction and supporting the development of new industries during the process of commercialization: through the following six aspects: Mentoring, Education, Incentive, Marketing, Investment and Resolution to ensure research direction best meet market’s needs and enhance business entities’ abilities of technology transfer; furthermore, to increase the success rate from commercialization of research outcomes. Key Word: TLO、commercialization、licensing、spin-off venture.

本研究目的在探討我國大專院校的技術授權績效影響因素，並探討各變項的中介及調節效果解釋。透過相關文獻的整理，本研究將影響因素可分為五個族群種類，包含：投入資源、智慧財產、專業技轉組織、環境因素及學校因素等五個族群，而觀察指標則採用學校的授權績效，據此五類因素設計出三個主要的研究假設。 本研究收集採用2007年我國大專院校全體164所完整資料，整理出34個變項資料，對於我國技術移轉迴歸模型的有效解釋能力為71.5%至68.0%，認為各校的美國專利數是具有顯著中介效果的變項。具有顯著意義的調節變項中，可以歸納出TTO影響績效的三個主要變項群組，包含：(1)TTO總員工數能增強研發資源產生專利權的解釋；(2)推廣活動辦理能增強研發資源產生專利權與授權績效的解釋，唯發明人引介數與專利權有較顯著相關性；(3)TTO職員的專業背景也是重要的調節變項，當學校研發資源充足時會聘請技術及法律背景的員工。 另學校鄰近科學園區、設置醫學系、公立一般大學，這三項具有調節效果的環境及學校變項，對於解釋能力具有增強的效果，但是因果關係上傾向解釋為資源優勢，本研究認為環境變項具有顯著影響，但相對難以透過管理機制產生績效的實質影響，相對地，TTO影響的因素卻可以透過管理產生績效的實質影響，是當前各學校在發展技術移轉上可參考的重要實證資料。本研究最後提出針對大學技術移轉研究的侷限問題，以及五種能夠修正本研究限制的建議。 / The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors of technology transfer performance in the universities and colleges in Taiwan. Furthermore, this study finds the mediation variables within the factors. This study differentiates the factors into 5 major elements, including investments, intellectual property, TTO, social environments, and the university itself. The annual royalty is the dependent variable. The study builds three hypotheses according to the 5 major elements mentioned. The study collects the complete data in 2007 of 164 universities and colleges in Taiwan. The intervening and mediation variables are taken into the regression model; the higher R-square is 68.0% to 71.5%. The study divides the significant mediation variables into 3 groups, including (1) The TTO scope will increase R-square of the patents. (2) The promotion actives will increase R-square of the patents and royalties. However, there is the high correlation between inventor promotion and patents. (3) When there are sufficient RD resource in the universities, TTO will employ employees of legal and technology background. About the environments and university issues, there are three significant mediation variables, including the distance to Science Park, the faculty of medicine, the public or private universities. The environmental variables were the significant impact on regression model, but the variables were controlled difficultly by universities. Comparatively, the universities controlled the TTO variables easily, and its will be significant impact on the performances of TTO. The study argues that variables are the effect issues with resource advantage. At last, the study recognizes some limits about the research of technology transfer and proposes 5 suggestions for future research.