訪問買賣之消費糾紛有逐年增加之趨勢，然而國內研究文獻卻相當稀少。本論文嘗試以較宏觀之角度，整理歸納學說理論及實務見解，並與外國法進行比較分析，藉以檢討現行法規範及提出修正建議。
第一章「緒論」：本論文之研究動機與目的在於探討實務上訪問買賣常見之糾紛類型，並依消費者保護法規範之體系，從定義、適用範圍、企業經營者之告知義務、消費者之解除權逐次展開，檢討現行法是否足以預防或解決問題？主管機關或司法判決對於訪問買賣有何發展性之見解？外國法制對於類似行銷方式之規範，是否有值得我國借鏡之處？期本文之初步探討能拋磚引玉。
第二章「訪問買賣之規範」：介紹我國消費者保護法及其施行細則、定型化契約應記載事項與範本、地方消費者保護自治條例等有關訪問買賣相關規範；外國法部分主要介紹與我國法制淵源較深之德國及日本相關規範，其餘主要國家法規範摘要則列為附錄。
第三章「訪問買賣定義及適用範圍之檢討」：由於消費者保護法對於訪問買賣之定義及適用範圍不夠清淅，具體個案是否可適用訪問買賣易形成爭議。就訪問買賣之定義：「指企業經營者未經邀約而在消費者之住居所或其他場所從事銷售」而言，其簡短之文字並無法清楚勾勒那些情形符合訪問買賣。實務上常見業者主張其到宅銷售係先以電話聯繫，經過消費者事先同意，不屬「未經邀約」之情形，另有主張消費者成立契約係在展覽會場或業者之營業場所，故不屬訪問買賣。究竟何種行銷方式符合消費者保護法所定義之「訪問買賣」？在法律定義曖昧不明之情況下，主管機關於函釋中所表示之見解及司法判決實務所承認之類型，即顯重要，故除了學說之外，本論文將實務見解納為主要觀察對象，並嘗試將觸角伸展至外國法規範，尋求解答。其次，在訪問買賣之適用主體上，金融商品結合訪問買賣之行銷方式為實務所常見，而多層次傳銷參加人亦有購買傳銷商品自用之情形，是否可適用消費者保護法訪問買賣之規定？學說及實務見解存有極大之爭議，本論文就此爭點加以整理並提出解釋意見；在適用之客體上，外國法對於訪問買賣多有除外適用之標的，我國法並未有排除之規定，全國工業總會對此曾提出修正建議，是否應適當調整無條件解除權之適用客體，本論文嘗試從客觀之角度加以分析。
第四章「告知義務及解除權規範之檢討」：為保護消費者於訪問買賣過程中處於弱勢之地位，要求業者應盡買賣條件等資訊提供義務及賦予消費者猶豫期間以重新考量，為比較法上所常見，惟我國之規範內容與外國法相較，除了告知內容顯得不夠充分外，亦欠缺違反告知義務之法律效果，造成許多業者未遵守告知義務，而消費者亦不瞭解自己權利所衍生之糾紛；另外，有關契約解除後，雙方當事人如何回復原狀，亦屬實務上常見之爭議，依現行法制，雖可適用民法第259條等相關規定加以補充，惟若能針對訪問買賣之特性，考量作特別之規範，應較能定分止爭。
第五章「訪問買賣常見消費糾紛類型及實務發展」：經歸納司法院網站所公布最近10年（2000年至2009年）與訪問買賣相關之裁判，發現其契約標的以涉及教材及各類學習課程最多，其次為度假村會員權。此外，訪問買賣銷售人員於行銷時，經常對於資金不足之消費者宣稱可分期付款，惟實際上卻讓不知情之消費者簽下金融機構貸款申請書，一旦發生業者停業、倒閉之情形，消費者不但無法繼續受領商品或服務，反而成為金融機構訴追貸款之對象，形成大量「假分期 真貸款」之爭訟案件。本章針對上述三種消費糾紛類型，探討如何解決類似爭議。
第六章「法制上之建議－代結論」：現行法有關訪問買賣之規範難以符合時代之需求，非但學說存有爭議，主管機關之見解亦常瞹眛不明。實務判決依個案事實，或有引用外國立法例作為法理，依誠信原則調整企業經營者與當事人間之法律關係，然檢討現行法規範，適當地修正或增訂，為釜底抽薪之道。本章綜整前面各章節之議題，就未來修法可思考之方向提出建議。 / The disputes over” door- to- door sales” are increasing year after year. However, the related dissertations are rare. This thesis is trying to generalize theories and rules in order to review current laws and bring up some suggestions.
The first chapter “preface” states about the motive and objective of this thesis which is aiming to find the dispute types. Meanwhile, in compliance with the article order of Consumer Protection Act, from definition, application, information notification to rescission, review if current laws could prevent or resolve disputes. Furthermore, observe foreign legislation which is worth imitating.
The second chapter ”the statute of door- to- door sales” which is introducing related national statutes and local ordinances； meanwhile, introducing German and Japanese codes, etc.
The third chapter “review on definition and application of door- to- door sales”： Since the legal definition “door- to- door sales means a sale completed through trader’s solicitation at the consumer's premises or other locations without any invitation” is not specific enough, there are lots of controversial issues such as－
（a） If a consumer shall be considered to have made an express request for a visit by the trader by reason only that the consumer consented to the visit by the trader after an initial contact at which the trader indicates expressly or by implication that the trader is willing to visit the consumer？
（b） If a consumer agreement that is concluded at the trader’s place of business or the trade fair could be considered “door- to- door sales”？
In addition to discussing above-mentioned issues, who and what subjects are applicable to “door- to- door sales” articles in CPA is a question, too. If an investor or a participant in multi-level sales may apply to them？ If the supply of goods which, by reason of their nature, are liable to deteriorate or expire rapidly, or the supply of audio or video recordings or computer software which were unsealed by the consumer shall render the consumer the right of withdrawal？ This thesis is trying to analyze foregoing issues objectively.
The fourth chapter” review on obligation of providing information and withdrawal of contract”： The consumer is often unprepared in contracts made at the doorstep; therefore it is necessary to provide the consumer a right of cancellation over a period of days and adequate information to enable him to understand the contract. However, the CPA is too simple to protect consumers when comparing with foreign laws. In case we could aim at the characteristics of “door- to- door sales” to regulate individually, the disputes would decrease.
The fifth chapter” familiar disputes and legal opinion development”：To sum up the cases filed during last ten years, the most related contract subjects are learning materials including encyclopedias, language books or on-line lessons, etc.；The second is time-sharing membership which is usually touted by taking advantage of human vulnerability；Besides, “linked credit agreement” is also regularly seen. This chapter would make a study of how to resolve the similar problems.
The sixth chapter “legal suggestions-instead of conclusion”：Domestic “door- to- door sales” statutes are not able to meet time steps. Not only is there discrepancy between theories, but the opinion of the competent authority is not clear. Some court cases cited foreign laws as jurisprudence to revise the right or obligation between the trader and consumer； Nevertheless, if the competent authority could overhaul the current statutes, the problem-solving methods may be found and established.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:CHENGCHI/G0097961105 |
| Creators | 呂惠珍 |
| Publisher | 國立政治大學 |
| Source Sets | National Chengchi University Libraries |
| Language | 中文 |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | text |
| Rights | Copyright © nccu library on behalf of the copyright holders |
Page generated in 0.0028 seconds