現今台灣社會由於出生率不斷的下降因素，導致人口銳減，不僅危及國家競爭力，同時也相對嚴重影響國民小學校園內的教師生態，面對此種情勢，衝擊到的是各國民小學必須調整原有教師編制人數，例如減班調動以為因應，超額的問題讓這些資淺教師人心惶惶，讓教師對學校產生不安定感，且使教師無心教學。
本研究採質性研究之深度訪談法。研究對象總數為8人，為某國小6位恐面對減班超額之教師及2位近期已調動至他校之教師。經分析訪談資料後，所得研究發現綜述如下：
一、教師們十分擔憂超額的問題，甚至影響教學及生活品質，因此超額教師在知覺超額問題已對他們產生嚴重衝擊，令教師感到不安。
二、超額教師認為這樣的辦法對年資較淺之教師不公平，因為即使他們再怎麼努力，似乎都無法改變被超額的命運，且令教師擔心如何面對減班超額之未來去向。
三、教師認為即使想要努力改變什麼，僅靠自己努力也無法改變被超額之命運；所以教師仍然希望仰賴政府制定完善的政策，才能讓大環境有所改變。
四、超額的問題使超額教師們的規劃受到環境的衝擊，使得教師必須調整原先的生涯規劃，超額教師認為這樣的改變，與原先的生涯存在很大的落差。
五、本研究發現教師們認為自己的專長就是教學，從師資培育時，就認為自己一生要從事教職，另外也認為政府一定會積極介入處理，即使調離原校也不至於被資遣，寧願等待政府的政策改變，並不積極去採用其他因應方式。
本研究根據研究發現，提出以下建議：
一、對國小教師的建議：教師必須用積極的心態，來面對減班超額的挑戰，應該設法培養第二專長，增加自己的積分競爭力，掌握生涯主控權，做好生涯規畫。
二、對學校的建議：重新檢討「超額教師辦法」配分方式，積極協助可能被超額的教師培養其他專長能力及疏導不安感。
三、對教育當局的建議：教育局應積極採取策略，以面對教師超額的問題，增進教師生涯轉換能力及提供國小教師相關進修管道。
關鍵字：減班超額、工作壓力、生涯規劃 / Nowadays, due to the decreasing birth rate in Taiwan, the population has been declining, endangering the competitiveness of the country and seriously influencing the ecology for teachers in elementary schools. Under this circumstance, elementary schools being impacted have to adjust their arrangements of teachers. For example, numbers of classes in schools may be reduced. This surplus problem has made junior teachers worried. They don’t believe their jobs are stable in schools, and therefore their minds are not in teaching.
This study adopted a qualitative research method – in-depth interviewing. There were a total of 8 research subjects, including 6 teachers from an elementary school who worried about possible class reduction and 2 teachers who had been transferred to other schools recently. The data obtained from the interviews were analyzed, and the findings of this study are listed below:
1. Teachers were worried very much about the problem of a surplus of teachers. Their worries influenced their teaching and quality of life. Thus, redundant teachers’ perception of this problem had had a serious impact on them, making them feel unsecured.
2. Redundant teachers thought this solution was not fair for junior teachers. No matter how hard they had tried, they still couldn’t escape the fate of becoming redundant. And they were worried about their future after class reduction.
3. Teachers believed that even if they had the intention to make difference, their efforts alone couldn’t change the fate of them becoming redundant. Therefore, teachers still hoped that the government could come up with complete policies to change the environment.
4. The problem of a surplus of teachers had caused redundant teachers’ plans being impacted by the environment. Teachers had to change their life plans. And redundant teachers thought this kind of change was not what they expected for their careers.
5. This study found that teachers believed their specialty was simply teaching. Since they were trained, they had believed that they were destined to be teachers all their lives. On the other hand, they believed that the government would intervene actively, so even if they were transferred to other schools, they wouldn’t be laid off. Thus, they’d rather wait for the government to change policies than adopt other measures actively.
According to the research findings, this study came up with the following suggestions:
1. Suggestions for elementary school teachers: Teachers shall face the challenge of class reduction with an aggressive attitude, develop another specialty to improve their competitiveness, take control of their careers, and make a good plan for their careers.
2. Suggestions for schools: The arrangement in the “Guidelines for Redundant Teachers” shall be reviewed, in order to actively help possible redundant teachers develop other specialties and ease their worries.
3. Suggestions for the education authority: The Department of Education shall actively take measures to resolve the problem of a surplus of teachers, improve teachers’ abilities to change their careers, and provide elementary school teachers some related channels for further study.
Key words: class reduction, surplus of teachers, working pressure, career planning.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:CHENGCHI/G0098921088 |
| Creators | 劉姵汝, Liu, Pei Ru |
| Publisher | 國立政治大學 |
| Source Sets | National Chengchi University Libraries |
| Language | 中文 |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | text |
| Rights | Copyright © nccu library on behalf of the copyright holders |
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