歐洲聯盟共有27個會員國，克羅埃西亞將於2013年成為第28個歐盟會員國，歐洲聯盟自1952年成立後，已替歐洲帶來了半世紀的和平、穩定及發展，並榮獲2012年度諾貝爾和平獎，在第二次世界大戰後的重建工作及在1989年柏林圍牆倒下後，長期擔任團結凝聚歐洲、促進和平、和解、民主及人權的角色，除發行歐洲單一貨幣歐元外，並逐步建立歐洲單一市場，撤除歐盟內部邊界，讓人員、商品、服務和資金能自由流動，卻也導致非法移民可利用其邊境管制的疏忽而進入歐盟境內，造成歐洲各國的社會治安問題。不論是合法移民或非法移民，「移民」對歐洲聯盟各國的社會治安、種族文化及民族融合確實帶來不可小覷的影響，隨著歐盟內部人員可以自由在各國間移動，歐洲聯盟各會員國開始重視移民政策，穩定歐盟內部安全、加強歐盟外部邊界管制及打擊非法移民也日益重要，移民已經不再只是單一國內的問題，它廣泛的牽涉到跨國移民問題的類型，歐盟各國除將移民問題提高到歐盟層次的議題上，共同協商統籌規劃更詳盡的移民政策外，並成立歐盟外部邊境巡防協調管理局，共同管理歐盟外部邊境安全，透過結合各國的警力，提高邊境管制和緝捕的效力，改善非法移民或難民所產生的問題（例如跨國犯罪、毒品、人口販賣等），以達遏止非法移民入境的效果。本文將透過瞭解歐盟移民政策制定的發展過程及因素，藉以窺探歐洲移民政策目前現況，並透過研析其政策內容及成立歐盟外部邊境巡防協調管理局之政策法源，探討歐盟外部邊境巡防協調管理局於歐盟移民政策實際執行面上扮演之角色、功能與其重要性，以了解歐盟外部邊境安全共同管理之成效。 / European Union is composed of 27 member states. Croatia will become the 28th of the Europe Union (EU) member state in 2013. The European Union established in 1952 has brought Europe peace, stability and development for fifty years, and was awarded the 2012 Nobel Peace Prize. During the period of the post-World War II reconstruction and the fall of the Berlin wall in 1989, the EU serves as an important role to bring Europe together and to promote peace, reconciliation, democracy and human rights. The creation of European single currency and the formation of single market develop the free flow of goods, services and capital around the EU. However, it raises security issues while illegal immigrants exploit freedom of movement within the EU. Whether legal immigrants or illegal immigrants do bring underestimated impact on security and cultural and ethical integration issues. With the free movement of people within the EU, the member states have started to focus on the immigration policy in order to stabilize the internal security, to enhance the control of the external border and to fight against illegal immigration. Immigration issues are no longer just single domestic problems, but it is widely involved in the type of transnational migration. The EU member states see immigration issues at the EU level and coordinate the planning of the immigration policy, and establish the European Agency for the Management of Operational Cooperation at the External Borders of the Member States of the European Union (Frontex) to co-manage the EU external border security. The support of the national police force to improve the effectiveness of border control and the warrant of arrest ease the problem of illegal immigrants or refugees (such as transnational crime, drugs, human trafficking, etc.) to achieve the effect of curbing illegal immigration. This paper observes the current situation of the European immigration policy based on the study on the development of EU immigration policy-making process and factors. Through the analysis of policy and the law and treaties of founding the Frontex, this paper also examines the role and function of Frontex on the implementation of the EU immigration policy to understand the effectiveness of the co-management of the EU external border security.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:CHENGCHI/G0096952011 |
| Creators | 李美姿, Li, Mei Tzu |
| Publisher | 國立政治大學 |
| Source Sets | National Chengchi University Libraries |
| Language | 中文 |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | text |
| Rights | Copyright © nccu library on behalf of the copyright holders |
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