本文以貫時性的描述，探討日治時期（前）至今台灣哺育知識變遷。研究者根據官方對於母乳哺育率的調查資料以及田野研究，將台灣哺育型態分為三個時期：母乳哺育期（~1970）、配方奶粉哺育期（1971~1990）和混合哺育期（1991~）。本文企圖分析哺育型態的轉折，以社會學的角度，將哺育知識的變遷帶入歷史時空架構和社會文化脈絡之中詮釋，並突顯行動者的角色及位置，描繪行動者與結構之間互相形塑的樣態。
從歷史的意義考察，本研究發現哺育型態的轉變和產程的質變聯結在一起。傳統時期的哺育知識（或母職建構）與生命歷程密不可分，存在於女性的「私相授受」之中，與女性的生活經驗交織在一塊，本文以「母性互助系統」稱之。然而隨著醫院生產成為主流，在產後病房中，則是應用兒科醫學的科學知識作為哺育指導方針。定時定量的哺育知識與配方奶粉的瓶餵實作，成為此時期的主流哺育知識，形成歷史上前所未有的人工哺育時代。而在當今的混合哺育期，則由於母乳哺育訴求與固有產科結構之間的矛盾和衝突，引導出哺育者對「新哺育專家」的需求，並詳細介紹國際認證泌乳顧問（IBCLC）目前在台灣的發展和執業狀況。 / This study explores the historical process whereby knowledge and practice about infant feeding have changed in Taiwan from the Japan-ruled period to recent years. By analyzing how the transition occurred in patterns, it highlights the role of the cultural context within which the structure of feeding knowledge, along with construction of motherhood, has shaped and been shaped by social actors in different positions. Focusing on the historical significance, we find that feeding knowledge has varied with the qualitative transformation of the process of birth-giving. Traditional knowledge of feeding, is closely related to the course of life of females, and under the influence of the private life, interwoven with their life experience. As in-hospital birth-giving becomes the mainstream, the “medicalized” and therefore “scientific” parenting authorities serve as guidelines for feeding and nurturing. Nevertheless, the idea that mothers should breastfeed their children remains unchallenged nowadays. It brings about the conflict between appeals for breastfeeding practices and obstetrics structure. Under this trend, new expert systems in feeding teaching, such as International Board Certified Lactation Consultant (IBCLC), emerge.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:CHENGCHI/G0098254016 |
| Creators | 黃韻庭, Huang, Yun Ting |
| Publisher | 國立政治大學 |
| Source Sets | National Chengchi University Libraries |
| Language | 中文 |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | text |
| Rights | Copyright © nccu library on behalf of the copyright holders |
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