檔案是紀錄人類文明發展的重要史料，也是行政機關執行業務過程的重要憑據，先進國家對於檔案的管理都極為重視，且均已興建現代化的檔案館來保存珍貴的國家檔案，設置適足的空間與設備以提供優質的應用服務，這不僅有助於文化資產之保存，也是國家發展進步的重要指標與象徵。我國現代化之檔案管理制度係師承歐美各先進國家，參酌國情後制定並予以立法規範，就長遠觀之，雖然已在2015年啟用首座永久性之國家檔案庫房，然而，這只能算是完成了因應典藏空間需求的近程目標，未來在制度面方面仍需建構完整的國家檔案管理體系，爭取興建獨立且多功能之館舍，讓珍貴的國家檔案得以妥適典藏並提供各界應用，發揮檔案存在的價值與功能。
檔案保存維護策略之擬訂，需掌握空間規劃、環境控制、修護處置、複製儲存及風險管理等要項，各要項皆有賴相當的專業能力方可成就，國家發展委員會檔案管理局為我國檔案中央主管機關，依法負有管理國家檔案之責，由於數量龐大且因年代久遠、原保管條件不佳等因素，檔案接管時多已嚴重劣損，更需要儘速研訂保存策略以為作業準據。本研究之目的，即以世界各先進國家之國家檔案館業務概況為探究目標，針對各國國家檔案館發展之保存策略加以研析，並就保存維護工作之範圍與業務重點比較其內涵之異同，據以研議適合我國國家檔案之保存策略，建立一致性、完整性、正確性之處置作業標準，提供未來國家檔案館規劃之參考，達到提升國家檔案典藏效益與作業品質之目的。本研究之重要成果與建議，歸納如下：
一、國家檔案館興建刻不容緩
本次研究調查發現，屬嚴重劣化的受損檔案多達一成以上，可合理推估具永久保存價值之國家檔案在尚未移轉前，恐有滅失之危機；據統計現有100公里以上之國家檔案尚待移轉，然受限於典藏空間不足而無法加速移轉作業之進行。因此，無論是從國際趨勢或是保存珍貴國家記憶的角度來看，興建國家檔案館都是未來首要推動的工作目標。
二、國家檔案保存維護優先順序有待建立
國家檔案數量龐大，媒體型式及材質種類又十分多元，在資源有限情形下，除了必須爭取經費持續進行預防性保護相關作為，亦應衡酌檔案的價值性、應用性、保存性等條件，建立客觀的評量標準，研訂國家檔案保存修護及數位化等優先處置原則，兼顧檔案長期保存與便捷應用之需求，提升國家檔案管理效益。
三、國家檔案保存維護作業人力亟待充實
面對數量龐大且媒體類型多元的檔案，若無經費、人力、設備等資源的持續挹注，實難完成。為有效提升國家檔案保存維護工作的執行績效，未來仍應加強人力的支援，並思考業務傳承方式，使是項工作得以順遂推動。
四、各機關檔案人員保存維護正確觀念有待加強
國家檔案移轉前在各機關保存時間長達數十年，若原管有機關未善盡保存維護之責，或是施以錯誤的保管方式，等到檔案徵集移轉時再來搶救，恐為時已晚。為了讓檔案能夠延長保存壽命，進而減輕國家檔案移轉後所需花費的修護成本，應透過培訓、輔導等方式強化各機關檔案人員對於保存維護觀念的正確認知，宣導檔案保存環境控制與保管作為的有效作法，才能有效降低國家檔案劣化的數量與嚴重程度。 / Archives are not only important records of the development of human civilization but also concrete proofs of the works of government agencies. All the advanced nations attach great importance to the management of archives. They have therefore set up modernized buildings to house and preserve such precious archival materials, and have provided adequate space and facilities for quality service to users. By doing so, precious cultural assets can be best kept. These actions significantly symbolize the progress of a nation.
In formulating correct strategies of archival preservation, we need to carefully take into consideration space planning, environment control, repair & restoration, duplicate & storage, and risk management. All of these rely on professional expertise. The National Archives Administration (NAA) under the Cabinet-level National Development Council is accountable for overall management of national archives in Taiwan. However, many of the archival materials had been damaged or deteriorated even before having been transferred to NAA due to their long history and the poor handling by the original agencies. Preservation of such archives urgently need efficient strategies. This dissertation therefore aims to conduct some researches on the operations of national archives agencies in advanced nations, analyze their preservation strategies, and compare the differences of their works and emphases. More importantly, this author tries to come up with standard operation procedures, which are coherent, complete and accurate, for Taiwan to preserve our national archives. Hopefully this will offer reference in planning for a new national archives hall, so as to enhance the efficiency and upgrade the quality of national archives preservation. The major study results and suggestions are as follows:
I. There is urgent need for a national archives hall.
This study finds out that seriously damaged or deteriorated archives in different agencies account for ten percent of the total archives. It can therefore be estimated that national archives worth preserving might be lost before being transferred to NAA. Statistics show that there are over 100-km long national archives waiting to be transferred. Yet, due to the limited space in NAA, it is impossible to speed up the transfer process. Therefore, in view of international trend or the need to retain precious national memories, to build a new national archives hall is top on the agenda.
2. Priorities should be set to best preserve national archives.
National archives are not only large in quantity but also diverse in media types and material sorts. With limited resources, NAA has to allocate budgets to continue preventive protection measures. Meanwhile, it needs to establish objective criteria for assessing the value, usage, and preservation of different national archives before setting priorities for the restoration and digitalization of each sort. It is equally important to ensure long-term preservation and offer convenient service to users, so as to enhance the management efficiency of national archives.
3. The quality and quantity of workforce in national archives preservation need to be strengthened.
Faced by the challenges in both large number and different types of national archives, NAA assuredly needs more financial, workforce and equipment support to continue fulfilling its missions. In order to more effectively preserve national archives and keep the operation going smoothly, more professionals are needed, and skills and experiences must be passed down to new staff members.
4. The preservation-related knowledge of staff members in different agencies needs to be strengthened.
The current national archives had been kept by different agencies for several decades before having been transferred to NAA. If the original agencies failed to do their jobs well or kept their archives in a wrong way, it would be too late to rescue those archives after transfer. Therefore, in order to prolong the life of archives and reduce the expenses on repairing them after transfer, staff members in all agencies should receive training and assistance to gain better knowledge of archival preservation. After that, they can together take correct, effective measures as environment control and careful preservation to significantly reduce the number and degree of deteriorated archives.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:CHENGCHI/G0102155503 |
| Creators | 陳淑美, Chen, Shu-Mei |
| Publisher | 國立政治大學 |
| Source Sets | National Chengchi University Libraries |
| Language | 中文 |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | text |
| Rights | Copyright © nccu library on behalf of the copyright holders |
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