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Previous issue date: 2013-02-27 / There are few studies that have tried to resolve the phylogenetic relationships of Lycosidae until now. The current studies on phylogeny used genes to discover and explain the intergeneric relationships of the family. In this work, all the Orinocosa species distributed worldwide and poor little known genus of Lycosidae was studied. Orinocosa species were analyzed to discover their internal and external phylogenetic relationships. A total of 27 taxa were placed as internal group and 23 taxa belonging to 17 genera, which formed the outgroup were analyzed. A total of 114 characters were obtained in this analysis, most binary and discrete, between sexual and non-sexual. The out-group was represented by at least two species of four subfamilies considered in this study, making a total of 52 taxa analyzed. Agalenocosa was one of the genera included in a data matrix phylogenetic here for the first time. The construction of the data matrix was made in the program Mesquite and the resulting trees, as well as the consensus tree have been edited in Winclada. Data were analyzed by heuristic search and then the new technologies included in the software ASADO that uses the algorithms of TNT and NONA. This analysis resulted in a total of five most parsimonious trees, each fully resolved, with the following values for consensus: L = 884, C = 18 and R = 40. The value of Bremmer support to Orinocosa was two; for the rest of the branches varied between one and three. Orinocosa sensu stricto emerged as a polyphyletic group. The new proposal of Orinocosa was supported by two non-homoplasious characters: absence of stridulatory organ and ventral keel of Median Apophysis straight. From all species belonging and revised to the group of Orinocosa, 60% of them do not belong to the genus. In conclusion, the merely female of Orinocosa aymara correspond to the original description, the other species did not fit with the concept of Orinocosa and will be transferred based on the diagnostic generic characters in a future proposal. Of the 21 morphospecies of Orinocosa, only 16 were grouped within the genus. The remaining morphospecies were allocated outside the genre, probably because the only female in each terminal. Trochosa proved to be the sister group of Orinocosa. It is suggested in the future to include more Trochosa species to get wider and complete resolution. / Poucas foram ?s pesquisas que tentaram resolver as rela??es filogen?ticas de Lycosidae ate agora. Os estudos mais atualizados sob filogenia de Lycosidae usaram genes para descobrir e explicar as rela??es inter-gen?ricas das mesmas. Neste trabalho, se estudaram as esp?cies de Orinocosa, um g?nero pouco conhecido da fam?lia Lycosidae distribu?da mundialmente. As esp?cies de Orinocosa foram analisadas para descobrir suas rela??es filogen?ticas internas e externas. Analisaram-se um total de 27 t?xons colocados como grupo interno e 25 t?xons pertencentes a 16 g?neros, que formaram o grupo externo. Extra?ram-se um total de 114 caracteres nesta an?lise, a maioria deles bin?rios e discretos, entre sexuais e n?o sexuais. O grupo externo foi representado por pelo menos duas esp?cies das quatro subfam?lias consideradas neste estudo, perfazendo um total de 52 t?xons analisados. Agalenocosa foi um dos g?neros inclu?do numa matriz de dados filogen?ticos aqui pela primeira vez. A constru??o da matriz de dados foi feita no programa Mesquite e as ?rvores resultantes, assim como a ?rvore de consenso, foram editadas no Winclada. Os dados foram analisados usando buscas heur?sticas e posteriormente as Novas Tecnologias do software ASADO que usa os algoritmos de TNT e NONA juntos. Esta analise resultou em um total de cinco ?rvores mais parcimoniosas, cada uma totalmente resolvida, com os seguintes valores para o consenso: L = 884, Ci = 18 e Ri = 40. O valor de suporte de Bremmer para Orinocosa foi de dois; para o resto dos ramos variaram entre um e tr?s. Orinocosa sensu estricto emergiu como um grupo polifil?tico. A nova proposta de Orinocosa ? suportada por dois caracteres n?o-homopl?sicos: aus?ncia de ?rg?o estridulatorio e a quilha ventral da Ap?fise Media reto. De todas as esp?cies revisadas que pertencem ao elenco de Orinocosa, o 60% delas n?o pertenceriam ao g?nero. Em conclus?o, apenas a f?mea de Orinocosa aymara corresponderia com a descri??o original; as demais esp?cies n?o se encaixaram com o conceito de Orinocosa e ser?o transferidos baseando se nos caracteres gen?ricos diagn?sticos. Das 21 morfoesp?cies de Orinocosa, somente 16 se agruparam dentro do g?nero. As morfoespecies restantes se alocaram fora do g?nero provavelmente por ter somente a f?mea em cada terminal. Trochosa resultou ser o grupo irm?o de Orinocosa. Sugere-se no futuro, incluir mais esp?cies de Trochosa para obter resolu??es mais amplas e completas.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:tede2.pucrs.br:tede/249 |
| Date | 27 February 2013 |
| Creators | Mungu?a, Williams Paredes |
| Contributors | Lise, Arno Antonio |
| Publisher | Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Zoologia, PUCRS, BR, Faculdade de Bioci?ncias |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Source | reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da PUC_RS, instname:Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, instacron:PUC_RS |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| Relation | 2008925231902741151, 500, 600, 36528317262667714 |
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