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Previous issue date: 2013-07-16 / The aim of this paper is to analyse the creation of the Middle East as an European plan, as well as the intensive oil exploitation in the region, that has begun since the beginning of the XX century. After the First World War, the USA oil companies have participated of oil exploitation, while the country was acting in the South America to establish her influence once the South American countries were still under the European one. After the Second World War, the political and military presence of the USA in the Middle East and in the South America has increased, interfering decisively in the international relations of both regions. During the Cold War, the USA acted intensively in the foreign policy of strategic nations, such as Brazil, Argentina and the Middle East. These countries have developed their own strategies to reach their goals, as well as the USA ones. The Brazilian and the Argentinian presences in the Middle East took place according to the USA plans, but the relations between Brazil and Argentina with Iraq and Iran, respectively, created an outstanding cooperation in the military and nuclear areas, that was important to these countries, while Brazil and Argentina also helped the USA military advisors in the South and Central America against guerrilla groups. After the downfall of the USSR, according to the USA strategy, it was not necessary the continuation of the military and nuclear cooperation of Brazilian and Argentinian techinicians with the countries of the Middle East. In the South America, the USA plans were established by the Washington Consensus, that were accepted by the newly elected civilian presidents, while Iraq was invaded by the USA troops and an international coalition being obliged to accept the new status quo imposed by the world hegemonic power, in the beginning of the 90 s in that region. On the other hand, the new Brazilian and Argentinian Presidents dealt with the countries of the Middle East differently. According to their commercial advantages. / O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar a import?ncia do Oriente M?dio para a pol?tica externa do Brasil e da Argentina do p?s-Segunda Guerra Mundial ao final da Guerra Fria. A penetra??o estadunidense na regi?o ocorre no mesmo per?odo, enquanto afirmava a sua influ?ncia na Am?rica Latina, que ainda mantinha fortes liga??es com a Europa. As duas guerras mundiais intensificaram a presen?a estadunidense no Oriente M?dio e na Am?rica do Sul, interferindo decisivamente nas rela??es internacionais de ambas as regi?es. Com a Guerra Fria, os EUA passaram a atuar decisivamente nas pol?ticas externas de na??es importantes estrategicamente como Brasil e Argentina, al?m daquelas do Oriente M?dio. A necessidade de enfrentar uma s?rie de inimigos e situa??es impostos pelo conflito bipolar permitiu que se instalasse a presen?a brasileira e argentina no Oriente M?dio, passando a atuar ainda que tardiamente. No ?mbito comercial e estrat?gico-militar, os dois pa?ses sul-americanos tiveram rela??es privilegiadas com o Iraque e com o Ir?, respectivamente. Por outro lado, a rivalidade hist?rica na Am?rica do Sul, transferida para o Oriente M?dio, abria espa?o ? coopera??o extremamente ben?fica para ambos, favorecendo tamb?m os planos dos EUA naquela regi?o. Com a queda da URSS, determinando o final da Guerra Fria, n?o era mais do interesse da pot?ncia hegem?nica que houvesse uma rela??o ativa na ?rea nuclear e militar como aquela estabelecida entre Brasil e Argentina com os pa?ses ?rabes e o Ir?. Na Am?rica do Sul, as novas diretrizes estadunidenses foram determinadas pelo Consenso de Washington e acatadas pelos governos democraticamente eleitos, enquanto o Iraque, ap?s a guerra contra Ir? e ap?s a invas?o do Kuwait estava exaurido economicamente, sendo derrotado militarmente por uma coaliz?o internacional, for?ando a acatar o novo status quo que se estabelecia a partir da d?cada de 1990. Os novos presidentes brasileiros e argentinos do per?odo da redemocratiza??o, por sua vez, demonstraram comportamentos diferentes a respeito das rela??es de seus pa?ses com o Oriente M?dio.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:tede2.pucrs.br:tede/2476 |
| Date | 16 July 2013 |
| Creators | Preiss, Jos? Luiz Silva |
| Contributors | Silveira, Helder Gordim da |
| Publisher | Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Hist?ria, PUCRS, BR, Faculdade de Filosofia e Ci?ncias Humanas |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Source | reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da PUC_RS, instname:Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, instacron:PUC_RS |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| Relation | 1740700517806534787, 500, 600, -4398000523014524731 |
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