台灣的社區發展推行至今，從傳統由上而下的硬體支持，轉為時下由下而上的全方位發展。社區自主發展是自發性的治理行動，藉由信任、溝通、相互尊重等意識建構當地的社會網絡雛形，進而累積龐大的社會資本，以為社區發展的基礎。社區發展並非是終點，而是個連續的過程。因此，於社區發展的集體行動過程中，需提供相當的誘因以維持集體行動的運行。
然而，依台灣社區發展推行至今的經驗觀之，不少案例顯示政府機構所提供的誘因機制，經常排擠了地方社區的自發性集體行動以及自主制度的建立。這樣的結果推翻了以往「引進物質性誘因以激勵合作行為時，既有存在的非物質性誘因並不會受到影響」的假設。
有鑑於此，本研究以珍珠社區案例為研究對象，透過文獻分析與深度訪談的方式，檢視珍珠社區於社區發展過程中，外部各項誘因的挹注對社區發展歷程產生的排擠效果，包括影響社會網絡的強健與社會資本的積累。研究成果發現，一旦涉及利益分配，不同誘因類型間的排擠效果愈明顯。同時，容易造成不同參與者間的信任網絡的崩解、裂痕，進而削弱原有設區社會資本的存量。
惟誘因導入對於維持社區發展的集體行動持續不衰實有舉足輕重之影響，故結合案例觀察成果，誘因導入社區發展之集體行動需建立於下列前提：1.培養社區認同、調整社區願景、消弭宗教衝突以充實社區社會資本2.進行跨區整合，減低對政府的依賴 3.建立獎懲及監督機制，減少搭便車情形4.領導者風範的調整與包容或可促進社區發展持續有效的集體行動運作，達成社區永續發展的目標。 / Taiwan's community development carrying out until now, the community development the infrastructure which leads from the traditional government, transfers development. The community self-development is the spontaneous government motion, because of the trust, communication, mutual respect etc. which constructs local the social network and accumulate social capital. Because community development is a process, to maintain collective action continually needs provide suitable incentives.
However, according to the experience of community development in Taiwan, many cases demonstrated a phenomenon: incentives that government provides usually crowds out the community collective actions and establish independent system. Such result has overthrown the assumption : to encourage cooperation actions by lead in incentives, the existence of non-material incentives will not be affected.
In view of this, a case study of Jenju Community, we will survey the crowding-out effect which injecting external incentives during the community development. Include strong social networks and social capital accumulation. Research found that when it comes to the distribution of benefits, crowding-out effect between the different types of incentives is more apparently. At the same time, it is likely to cause network of trust between different actors collapse of cracks, which would weaken the existing stock of social capital in the community.
However, incentives for the maintenance of community development into collective action has a significant continuing decline of the real impact, Therefore, the results observed with the case, incentives for collective action in community development into the need to establish the following premise:1. to enrich social capital by foster community identity, community vision to adjust, to eliminate the religious conflict. 2. for cross-integration, to reduce dependence on government. 3. the establishment of incentive and monitoring mechanisms to reduce the free rider situation. 4. leadership style and tolerance of adjustment.
This may facilitate sustainable community development and effective operation of collective action, to achieve sustainable community development objectives.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:CHENGCHI/G0096257007 |
| Creators | 陳秉宏, Chen, Bing Hong |
| Publisher | 國立政治大學 |
| Source Sets | National Chengchi University Libraries |
| Language | 中文 |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | text |
| Rights | Copyright © nccu library on behalf of the copyright holders |
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