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Previous issue date: 2015-02-12 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / As fun??es executivas s?o processos cognitivos determinantes
para o sucesso escolar, uma vez que executam e controlam atividades
cognitivas complexas, como racioc?nio, planejamento e resolu??es de
problemas. O desempenho das fun??es executivas desenvolve-se desde a
primeira inf?ncia ao longo da adolesc?ncia at? a idade adulta,
concomitantemente com as mudan?as neuroanat?micas, funcionais e de
perfus?o sangu?nea do c?rebro. Neste sentido, o exerc?cio f?sico tem sido
considerado um importante fator ambiental para o neurodesenvolvimento,
bem como para a promo??o da sa?de cognitiva e cerebral. Contudo, ainda
s?o escassos estudos que tenham investigado os efeitos de uma ?nica
sess?o de exerc?cio aer?bio vigoroso sobre as fun??es executivas em
adolescentes. Objetivo: Verificar o efeito agudo do exerc?cio aer?bio
vigoroso sobre as fun??es executivas em adolescentes. M?todos: Ensaio
cl?nico controlado e randomizado com delineamento cruzado, realizado
com 20 p?beres de ambos os sexos, com idades entre 10 e 16 anos, que
foram submetidos a duas sess?es de 30min: 1) sess?o exerc?cio aer?bio
realizado em intensidade entre 65 e 75% da frequ?ncia card?aca de reserva,
sendo 5min para aquecimento, 20min na intensidade alvo e 5min de volta ?
calma; e 2) sess?o controle assistindo desenho-animado pr?prio para a
idade. Previamente e ap?s as sess?es, foi aplicado o teste de Stroop
computadorizado ? Testinpacs e o teste de trilhas para avalia??o do
controle inibit?rio e flexibilidade cognitiva, respectivamente. O tempo de
rea??o (TR) e a quantidade de erros (n) do teste de Stroop foram
registrados. O tempo total (TT) e a quantidade de erros (n) do teste de
trilhas tamb?m foram registrados. Resultados: O TR da sess?o controle
n?o apresentou diferen?a significativa no teste de Stroop. Por outro lado, o
TR da sess?o exerc?cio diminuiu significativamente (p<0,01) ap?s a
interven??o. Os erros cometidos no teste de Stroop n?o sofreram diferen?as
significativas nas sess?es controle e exerc?cio. O ?TT do teste de trilhas da
sess?o exerc?cio foi significativamente (p<0,001) menor que o da sess?o
xi
controle. Os erros cometidos no teste de trilhas n?o sofreram diferen?as
significativas nas sess?es controle e exerc?cio. Adicionalmente, houve
associa??o significativa e positiva do ?TR do teste de Stroop da condi??o
exerc?cio com a idade cronol?gica (r= 0,635, p=0,001; r
2
= 0,404, p=0,003)
e matura??o sexual (rs= 0,580, p=0,007; r
2
= 0,408, p=0,002). De outro
modo, n?o houve associa??o do ?TR da condi??o controle com a idade
cronol?gica (r= ?0,144, p=0,273; r
2
= 0,021, p=0,545) e matura??o sexual
(rs= ?0,155, p=0,513; r
2
= 0,015, p=0,610). Conclus?o: O exerc?cio aer?bio
vigoroso parece promover melhora aguda na capacidade das fun??es
executivas em adolescentes. O efeito do exerc?cio sobre o desempenho do
controle inibit?rio foi associado ao est?gio puberal e idade cronol?gica, ou
seja, os benef?cios do exerc?cio foram mais evidentes no in?cio da
adolesc?ncia (? ?TR) e sua magnitude decresce durante o
desenvolvimento. / Executive functions are determinant cognitive processes for
student success, since they execute and control complex cognitive activities
such as reasoning, planning and solving problems. The development of the
executive functions performances begin early at childhood going through
the adolescence until adulthood, concomitant with the neuroanatomical,
functional and blood perfusion changes over the brain. In this scenario,
exercise has been considered an important environmental factor for
neurodevelopment, as well as for the promotion of cognitive and brain
health. However, there are no large scientific studies investigating the
effects of a single vigorous aerobic exercise session on executive functions
in adolescents. Objective: To verify the acute effect of vigorous aerobic
exercise on executive functions in adolescents. Methods: A randomized
controlled trial (RCT) with crossover design was used. 20 pubescent from
both sexes/gender with age between 10 and 16 years were submitted to two
sessions of 30min each: 1) The aerobic exercise session intensity was
between 65 and 75% of heart rate reserve, in which 5min for warm-up,
20min at the target intensity and 5min of cool down; and 2) control session
watching cartoons. The computerized Stroop test ? Testinpacs and trail
making test were used to evaluate the inhibitory control and cognitive
flexibility assessment respectively, before and after both experimental and
control sessions. The reaction time (RT) and number of errors (n) of Stroop
test were recorded. The total time (TT) and the number of errors (n) of the
trail making test were also recorded. Results: The control session?s RT did
not present significant differences in the Stroop test. On the other hand, the
exercise session?s RT decreased significantly (p<0.01) after the session.
The number of errors made at the Stroop test had no significant differences
in control and exercise sessions. The ?TT of trail making test of exercise
session was significantly (p<0.001) lower than the control session?s. Errors
made in trail making test did not show significant differences between
control and exercise sessions. Additionally, there was significant and
positive association among the Stroop test ?RT of exercise session with
xiii
chronological age (r= 0.635, p=0.001; r
2
= 0.404, p=0.003) and sexual
maturation (rs= 0.580, p=0.007; r
2
= 0.408, p=0.002). Differently, there was
no association among the control session ?RT and chronological age (r= ?
0.144, p=0.273; r
2
= 0.021, p=0.545) or sexual maturation (rs= ?0.155,
p=0.513; r
2
= 0.015, p=0.610). Conclusion: Vigorous aerobic exercise
seems to improve acutely executive functions in adolescents. The effect of
exercise on inhibitory control performance was associated to pubertal stage
and chronological age. In other words, the benefits of exercise were more
evident in early adolescence (? ?RT) and its magnitude decreases along the
growing up process.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:repositorio.ufrn.br:123456789/19798 |
| Date | 12 February 2015 |
| Creators | Browne, Rodrigo Alberto Vieira |
| Contributors | 18537634115, http://lattes.cnpq.br/2184497905983937, Costa, Eduardo Caldas, 05304117417, http://lattes.cnpq.br/1216441676725839, Elsangedy, Hassan Mohamed, 04459139910, http://lattes.cnpq.br/7777329239184430, Moraes, Jos? Fernando Vila Nova de, 04558992408, http://lattes.cnpq.br/8490528692298086, Moreira, S?rgio Rodrigues, 83971475949, http://lattes.cnpq.br/2184344969303945, Barros, J?natas de Fran?a |
| Publisher | Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, PROGRAMA DE P?S-GRADUA??O EM EDUCA??O F?SICA, UFRN, Brasil |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
| Source | reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFRN, instname:Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, instacron:UFRN |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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