Thesis (M. Sc. (Geology)) -- University of Limpopo, 2020 / The Glentig, Alma and Swaershoek Formations were deposited after the emplacement
of the Bushveld igneous complex (BIC). The sediments accumulated in what is termed
as the proto-basin of the Waterberg Group. The Glentig Formation is an unconformity bounded formation that is overlain by the Swaershoek and Alma Formations of the
Waterberg Group. This study revisited the stratigraphy and put perception on the
petrography, lithofacies, provenance, paleoweathering, tectonic setting and source
rock characteristics of the lower parts of Waterberg Group (Swaershoek and Alma
Formations) and Glentig Formation. The methodologies employed in achieving the
aforementioned goals include stratigraphical analysis, petrographical and modal
composition analyses, lithofacies analysis and geochemical analysis. In the study area
(northeast of Modimolle town), the Glentig Formation lies or bounded between the
Swaershoek Formation and Schrikkloof Formation of the Rooiberg Group. The
Glentig, Swaershoek and Alma Formations attained a maximum thickness of about
400 m, 300 m and 190 m, respectively. Based on the stratigraphical analysis, the
Swaershoek, Alma and Glentig Formations can be correlated. The basis for the
correlation rests solemnly on the similarities in the lithological characteristics that can
be found in the three formations.
Six facies were identified based on lithofacies analysis. The lithofacies are grouped
into 2 facies association (FA1 and FA2). The two facies associations are FA1:
Conglomerate and massive sandstone, and FA2: Cross-bedded sandstone, and
planar cross-bedded sandstone. Sedimentological characteristics of the identified
facies associations are interpreted as debris flow, and longitudinal and transverse bars
(fluvial channel deposits). Petrography and modal composition analyses indicate that
the detrital components of the sandstones are dominated by monocrystalline quartz,
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feldspar and lithic fragments. The sandstones of the Swaershoek, Alma and Glentig
Formations can be classified as subarkosic arenite and lithic arkosic arenite. Also,
provenance analysis indicates that the sandstones are derived from both felsic
igneous provenance and intermediate igneous provenance. The modal composition
analysis and geochemical tectonic setting discrimination diagrams show that the
sediments are from both the passive and active continental margin tectonic settings.
Also, the geochemical data of major and trace elements suggested that the studied
formations have been derived from the same provenance source area. The indices of
weathering indicated that the studied rocks have been subjected to moderate to the
high degree of chemical weathering. / Mining Qualification Authority (MQA)
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:netd.ac.za/oai:union.ndltd.org:ul/oai:ulspace.ul.ac.za:10386/3837 |
| Date | January 2020 |
| Creators | Makulana, Mulalo Melton |
| Contributors | Baiyegunhi, C. |
| Source Sets | South African National ETD Portal |
| Language | English |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Thesis |
| Format | xvii, 123 leaves |
| Relation |
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