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Previous issue date: 2015-12-03 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The use of virtual reality technology in clinical neuropsychology has received emphasis in the areas of assessment and rehabilitation in recent decades. Thereby, this doctoral thesis consisted of four studies with the objective of developing an ecological task in virtual reality for neuropsychological assessment in elderly (the ECO-VR), and provide evidence of its validity and reliability. Overall, the studies were characterized by cross-sectional, quasi-experimental, correlational, and between participants comparison design. At the development stage, the sample included 29 non-specialist judges, who analyzed the representativeness degree of the ECO-VR scene and three-dimensional stimuli, five expert judges have verified the apparent validity of the tasks, and six elderly who responded to the pilot studies. In other thesis studies, initial overall sample included 169 community dwelling elderly, recruited by convenience and snowball technique. In addition, 141 informants were included to respond questionnaires of cognitive complaints and functional capacity in relation to the elderly. After considering the exclusion criteria, final overall sample consisted of 149 elderly, 38 identified with mild cognitive decline, according to international criteria. In addition to the ECO-VR, the instruments used were a socio-demographic and clinical questionnaire, the CAGE questionnaire, the Mini Mental State Examination, the Geriatric Depression Scale-short form, a battery of neuropsychological tests, questionnaires of cognitive complaints and functional capacity. Data distribution was investigated by Kolmogorov-Smirnov, and associations between the scores of ECO-RV and other variables were investigated by Pearson correlation and stepwise multiple linear regression analysis. In the reliability tests, we used the Cronbach's coefficient alpha and the halves method (half-split), by adjusting the value according to the Spearman-Brown formula. Comparisons between groups were performed using chi-square test, Student's t test for independent samples, Mann-Whitney test and univariate analysis, and the effect magnitude was assessed by the Cohen?s d. A discriminant analysis was also carried out with enter method, and variance-covariance homogeneity was investigated with the Shapiro-Wilk test and Box?s M. Results were considered significant when p ? 0.05 and the SPSS 22 version for Windows was used for data analysis. According to the results, the ECO-VR has shown evidence for apparent, criterion, construct, and ecological validity, as well as adequate reliability indices. Correlations between ECO-TV scores and demographic data, neuropsychological performance and functional capacity were found. The inclusion of technological tools in the clinical neuropsychology field seeks to enhance the evaluation methods, particulary in the diagnosis of cognitive disorders associated with aging process. / O uso da tecnologia de realidade virtual na neuropsicologia cl?nica tem recebido destaque tanto nos contextos de avalia??o quanto de reabilita??o nas ?ltimas d?cadas. Assim, a presente tese de doutorado foi composta por quatro estudos com o objetivo de desenvolver uma tarefa ecol?gica em realidade virtual para avalia??o neuropsicol?gica de idosos (a ECO-RV), bem como prover evid?ncias de validade e de fidedignidade desta. De maneira geral, os estudos caracterizaram-se por um delineamento transversal, quase-experimental, correlacional e entre participantes. Durante a etapa de desenvolvimento da ECO-RV, a amostra incluiu 29 ju?zes n?o especialistas, os quais analisaram o grau de representatividade do cen?rio e est?mulos tridimensionais, cinco ju?zes especialistas que verificaram a validade aparente das tarefas, e seis idosos que responderam aos estudos pilotos. Na realiza??o dos demais estudos da tese, a amostra geral inicial incluiu 169 idosos residentes da comunidade, recrutados por conveni?ncia e pela t?cnica de snowball. Ademais, foram inclu?dos 141 informantes que responderam a question?rios de queixas cognitivas e de capacidade funcional em rela??o aos idosos. Ap?s considerar os crit?rios de exclus?o, a amostra geral final foi composta por 149 idosos, sendo 38 identificados com decl?nio cognitivo leve conforme crit?rios internacionais. Al?m da ECO-RV, os instrumentos utilizados foram uma ficha de dados sociodemogr?ficos e cl?nicos, question?rio CAGE, Mini Exame do Estado Mental, Escala de Depress?o Geri?trica de 15 itens, uma bateria de testes neuropsicol?gicos, question?rios de queixas cognitivas e de capacidade funcional. A distribui??o dos dados foi verificada pelo teste de Kolmogotov-Smirnov, e associa??es entre os escores da ECO-RV e demais vari?veis foram investigadas por correla??o de Pearson e an?lises de regress?o linear m?ltiplas com m?todo stepwise. Nas an?lises de fidedignidade, utilizou-se o coeficiente de alfa de Cronbach e o m?todo das metades (split-half), cujo valor foi corrigido de acordo com a f?rmula de Spearman-Brown. Compara??es entre grupos foram realizadas atrav?s do teste qui-quadrado, teste t de Student para amostras independentes, teste U de Mann-Withney e an?lise univariada, e a magnitude de efeito foi verificada pelo d de Cohen. Realizou-se tamb?m uma an?lise discriminante com m?todo enter e a homogeneidade das vari?ncias-covari?ncias foi investigada com os testes de Shapiro-Wilk e M de Box. Resultados significativos foram considerados quando p ? 0,05 e utilizou-se o software SPSS vers?o 22 para Windows para a an?lise dos dados. De acordo com os resultados, a ECO-RV demonstrou evid?ncias de validade aparente, crit?rio, construto e ecol?gica, al?m de adequados ?ndices de confiabilidade. Encontraram-se correla??es entre os escores da ECO-RV e dados sociodemogr?ficos, desempenho neuropsicol?gico e capacidade funcional. A inclus?o de ferramentas tecnol?gicas no campo da neuropsicologia cl?nica busca incrementar os m?todos de avalia??o, principalmente na investiga??o de transtornos cognitivos associados ao processo de envelhecimento.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:tede2.pucrs.br:tede/6523 |
| Date | 03 December 2015 |
| Creators | Oliveira, Camila Rosa de |
| Contributors | Argimon, Irani Iracema de Lima |
| Publisher | Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Gerontologia Biom?dica, PUCRS, Brasil, Instituto de Geriatria e Gerontologia |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Source | reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da PUC_RS, instname:Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, instacron:PUC_RS |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| Relation | 4438661476953179033, 600, 600, 600, 600, 2296420844541114010, -969369452308786627, 2075167498588264571 |
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