L'endométriose est une maladie gynécologique fréquente et dont les principales manifestations sont la douleur et l'infertilité. Nous avons effectué un travail en deux étapes à partir d'un modèle d'endométriose chirurgicalement induite chez la souris. D'abord nous avons évalué l'impact de la grossesse sur la lésion d'endométriose puis nous avons évalué l'impact de l 'endométriose sur la qualité ovocytaire et embryonnaire. Nous avons mis en place un modèle d’endométriose chez la souris prélevant chez des souris donneuses des fragments utérins de 2 mm et en les fixant à la paroi péritonéale de souris receveuses. / Endometriosis is a frequent gynecological disease which main symptoms are pain and infertility. We performed a two-step study using a murine model of endometriosis. We built a model of surgically induced endometriosis in mouse. We harvested 2-mm uterine tissue samples from donor mice and transplanted them on the peritoneal wall of recipient mice. We first evaluated the impact of pregnancy on the endometriosis lesion and then assessed the effect of endometriosis on oocyte and embryo quality. Impact of pregnancy on endometriosis lesion : We compared endometriosis lesions of pregnant mice with those of non pregnant mice. Pregnancy was associated with important lesions’ modifications : reduction of the volume, dramatic reduction of the cystic part of the lesion, high cellular proliferation and high angiogenesis. Impact of endometriosis on fertility : We compared oocyte and embryo quality in two groups : endometriotic and control mice. Oocyte quality was decreased in endometriotic mice (meiotic spindle and first polar body abnormalities) and the number of embryos was reduced. This work provides new insights on pathophysiological mechanisms of lesion constitution and on endometriosis-associated infertility mechanisms. These experiments also validate the use of the surgically induced murine model of endometriosis in fertility parameters assessment.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:theses.fr/2015PA066582 |
| Date | 11 December 2015 |
| Creators | Cohen, Jonathan |
| Contributors | Paris 6, Aractingi, Selim, Daraï, Émile |
| Source Sets | Dépôt national des thèses électroniques françaises |
| Language | French |
| Detected Language | French |
| Type | Electronic Thesis or Dissertation, Text |
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