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Barreiras para nutri??o adequada em UTI pedi?trica

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Previous issue date: 2014-10-30 / Objective: Assess the offer and the energy restriction of patients hospitalized in a PICU.
Methods: This is a prospective observational cohort descriptive, conducted from 01/09/2009 to 31/08/2010 in patients admitted to the PICU of a university hospital. Some additional data were collected from medical records of patients in Service Medical Records. The study was approved by the Ethics in Research Committee. The energy offer was received compared to Basal Energy Expenditure (BEE) and restrictions were also evaluated in the energy offer of patients, by analyzing the period No Initial Offer Energy and Pauses in Energy Offer, as well as the reason for the same. Data were collected during admission and hospitalization. Outcomes such as mortality, malnutrition, severity, organ dysfunction, length of hospitalization, mechanical ventilation, vasoactive drugs and adequacy of energy offer were evaluated.
Results: The sample consisted of 475 admissions. Interned No Initial Offer Energy 97.5% patients. 55.2% of these initiated within the first 24 hours. The surgery (35%), critical clinical condition (30%) and examination (21%) on admission were not primarily responsible for introducing the initial energy offer. The PIM2> 6, acute illness, infection, hematologic, gastrointestinal, and renal dysfunction, MODS on admission, mechanical ventilation, vasoactive drugs and patients who had prolonged hospitalization are associated with an increased time to onset of nutrition (p <0.05 ). There were a total of 379 Pauses in Energy Offer during hospitalization in 175 patients. Of these, 91% reached the BEE to discharge, taking 24-502 hours. The gastrointestinal dysfunction (89%), intubation/extubation (71%) and fluid restriction (31%) during hospitalization, were primarily responsible for Pauses in the Energy Offer. The patients under one year, malnourished, PIM2> 6, clinical patients with infection with respiratory and liver dysfunction with MODS, who used mechanical ventilation, vasoactive drugs and those who had prolonged hospitalization are associated with a greater number of pauses (p <0.05). Prolonged hospitalization and mechanical ventilation are independently associated with delay to the beginning of the energy offer (greater than 38 hours) and the presence of pauses in the diet. BEE reached 79% of patients, 4% achieved only after the 5th day, being 75% of the total considered adequate energy offer and 25% in inadequate energy offer. PIM2 patients with>6, respiratory, hepatic and hematologic dysfunction, with MODS, who used vasoactive drugs and who died reached less adequate energy offer during hospitalization (p <0.05).
Conclusions: The Majority of patients hospitalized No Initial Offer Energy . Of these, only 55.2% started their nutrition in the first 24 hours. The surgery, critical clinical condition and the need to perform tests on admission were not primarily responsible for introducing the initial energy supply for patients. The gastrointestinal dysfunction, intubation/extubation and fluid restriction during hospitalization, were primarily responsible for pauses in the energy offer. Prolonged hospitalization and the use of mechanical ventilation are independently associated with delay to the start of the energy offer and with the presence of food pauses. / Objetivo: Avaliar a oferta e a restri??o energ?tica dos pacientes internados em uma UTIP.
M?todos: Trata-se de um estudo de coorte prospectivo descritivo observacional, realizado entre 01/09/2009 a 31/08/2010 nos pacientes admitidos na UTIP de um hospital universit?rio. Alguns dados complementares foram coletados nos prontu?rios dos pacientes no Servi?o de Arquivo M?dico. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comit? de ?tica em Pesquisa da institui??o. A oferta energ?tica recebida foi comparada ao Gasto Energ?tico Basal (GEB) e tamb?m foram avaliadas as restri??es na oferta energ?tica dos pacientes, atrav?s da an?lise do per?odo Sem Oferta Energ?tica Inicial e das Pausas na Oferta Energ?tica, assim como o motivo das mesmas. Foram coletados dados durante a admiss?o e a interna??o. Desfechos como a mortalidade, desnutri??o, gravidade, disfun??es org?nicas, tempo de interna??o, de uso de ventila??o mec?nica, drogas vasoativas e adequa??o da oferta energ?tica foram avaliados.
Resultados: A amostra foi constitu?da de 475 interna??es. Internaram Sem Oferta Energ?tica Inicial 97,5% pacientes. Destes 55,2% iniciaram nas primeiras 24 horas. A cirurgia (35%), quadro cl?nico cr?tico (30%) e exames (21%) na admiss?o foram os principais respons?veis pela n?o introdu??o da oferta energ?tica inicial. O PIM2>6, doen?a aguda, infec??o, disfun??o hematol?gica, gastrointestinal e renal, SDMO na admiss?o, ventila??o mec?nica, drogas vasoativas e os pacientes que tiveram interna??o prolongada est?o associados a um tempo maior para o in?cio da nutri??o (p<0,05). Houveram um total de 379 Pausas na Oferta Energ?tica durante a interna??o em 175 pacientes. Destes, 91% atingiram o GEB at? a alta, demorando de 24 a 502 horas. A disfun??o gastrointestinal (89%), intuba??o/extuba??o (71%) e restri??o h?drica (31%) durante a interna??o, foram os principais respons?veis pelas Pausas na Oferta Energ?tica. Os pacientes menores de um ano, desnutridos, PIM2>6, pacientes cl?nicos, com infec??o, com disfun??o respirat?ria e hep?tica, com SDMO, que utilizaram ventila??o mec?nica, drogas vasoativas e os que tiveram interna??o prolongada est?o associados a um n?mero maior de pausas (p<0,05). A interna??o prolongada e a ventila??o mec?nica est?o associadas de forma independente com a demora para o in?cio da oferta energ?tica (maior que 38 horas) e com a presen?a de pausas na dieta. Atingiram o GEB 79% dos pacientes, 4% atingiram apenas depois do 5? dia, sendo do total 75% considerados em oferta energ?tica adequada e 25% em oferta energ?tica inadequada. Pacientes com PIM2>6, com disfun??o respirat?ria, hep?tica e hematol?gica, com SDMO, que utilizaram drogas vasoativas e que foram a ?bito atingiram menos a oferta energ?tica adequada durante a interna??o (p<0,05).
Conclus?es: A maioria dos pacientes internou Sem Oferta Energ?tica Inicial. Destes, apenas 55,2% iniciaram sua nutri??o nas primeiras 24 horas. A cirurgia, o quadro cl?nico cr?tico e a necessidade de realizar exames na admiss?o foram os principais respons?veis pela n?o introdu??o da oferta energ?tica inicial nos pacientes. A disfun??o gastrointestinal, a intuba??o/extuba??o e a restri??o h?drica durante a interna??o, foram os principais respons?veis pelas pausas na oferta energ?tica. A interna??o prolongada e o uso da ventila??o mec?nica est?o associados de forma independente com a demora para o in?cio da oferta energ?tica e com a presen?a de pausa alimentar.

Identiferoai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:tede2.pucrs.br:tede/1444
Date30 October 2014
CreatorsCabral, Daiane Drescher
ContributorsGarcia, Pedro Celiny Ramos
PublisherPontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Medicina/Pediatria e Sa?de da Crian?a, PUCRS, BR, Faculdade de Medicina
Source SetsIBICT Brazilian ETDs
LanguagePortuguese
Detected LanguageEnglish
Typeinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis
Formatapplication/pdf
Sourcereponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da PUC_RS, instname:Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, instacron:PUC_RS
Rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Relation3098206005268432148, 500, 600, -8624664729441623247

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