[pt] No presente trabalho, analisa-se e discute-se a confiabilidade no planejamento do setor elétrico brasileiro à luz das limitações e desafios do processo de Licenciamento Ambiental. Serão abordados nesta pesquisa alguns temas importantes como o marco legal e institucional, os agentes envolvidos, além da contextualização do licenciamento ambiental no Brasil para a geração de energia elétrica através de fontes renováveis e transmissão de energia elétrica. A partir disso serão discutidos alguns aspectos históricos do setor elétrico, além de apresentar os principais planos e programas que embasam o seu planejamento. A evolução do Licenciamento ao longo dos anos será debatida, com forte interlocução entre os aspectos socioambientais, econômicos e de engenharia, fazendo uma análise crítica e correlação com os leilões ao longo dos últimos quinze anos. Com esta avaliação serão identificados os principais pontos críticos do descompasso entre a geração e transmissão e do rito de Licenciamento Ambiental. Por fim, serão feitas propostas para otimização do Licenciamento Ambiental em seu estágio atual, tendo em vista uma contribuição efetiva para este setor estratégico do país, que necessita de planejamento e agilidade nos processos. Isto irá propiciar a geração de energia elétrica para a população e confiabilidade no sistema, respeitando as questões ambientais previstas na legislação e cumprindo os cronogramas e prazos estalabelecidos pela ANEEL. / [en] The economic and sustainable growth of a country does not occur without the existence of an efficient and planned infrastructure, integrating the population to the national economy and offering appropriate conditions in key sectors, such as transportat, water and sanitation, telecommunication and energy. This economic development is related to energy supply, establishing the conditions for economic growth. Energy crises are signs of economic slowdown and productive disarticulation, which have consequences and are associated with lack of planning. Many countries have experienced economic and energy crises over the last years, such as China, United States, Argentina and Brazil. According to Tolmasquim (2000), part of the causes of this 2001 energy crisis in Brazil would be placed in the lack of investments in transmission and the lack of its integration to generation. In addition, the absence of environmental planning and regulatory uncertainties brought this scenario. Currently, the Brazilian electric power plant has 4,676 electric generation projects in operation and an installed power of 152.17 GW, based mainly on hydroelectric generation (61.6 percent of the total), considered clean, with low productive costs and privileged generation privileged in regard to greenhouse gases emissions. In addition to the water matrix, the energy sources used are divided among biomass (8.7 percent), wind (6.5 percent), fossil (16.9 percent), nuclear (1.2 percent) and solar (0.014 percent), plus the energy from imports (5.1 percent). Today, both the generation and transmission projects have faced some difficulties related to their implementation, in particular the Environmental Licensing process. Many authors (De Castro et al, 2012, Sales, 2012; Pires, 2011; Cardoso Jr, 2014) have attributed to the licensing process responsibility for delays in the implementation and operation of transmission systems. Although environmental legislation defines actors and legal deadlines, there are obstacles, bureaucracy and external agents that bring up discussions about environmental impact assessment.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:puc-rio.br/oai:MAXWELL.puc-rio.br:31703 |
| Date | 09 October 2017 |
| Creators | ARTUR WILLCOX DOS SANTOS |
| Contributors | CELSO ROMANEL |
| Publisher | MAXWELL |
| Source Sets | PUC Rio |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | TEXTO |
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