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Previous issue date: 2010-02-26 / The search for new sources of environmentally friendly energy is growing every day. Among these alternative energies, biodiesel is a biofuel that has had prominence in world production. In Brazil, law 11.097, determine that all diesel sold in the country must be made by mixing diesel/biodiesel. The latter called BX, , where X represents the percent volume of biodiesel in the diesel oil, as specified by the ANP. In order to guarantee the quality of biodiesel and its mixtures, the main properties which should be controlled are the thermal and oxidative stability. These properties depend mainly of the chemical composition on the raw materials used to prepare the biodiesel. This dissertation aims to study the overall thermal and oxidative stability of biodiesel derived from cotton seed oil, sunflower oil, palm oil and beef tallow, as well as analyze the properties of the blends made from mineral oil and biodiesel in proportion B10. The main physical-chemical properties of oils and animal fat, their respective B100 and blends were determined. The samples were characterized by infrared and gas chromatography (GC). The study of thermal and oxidative stability were performed by thermogravimetry (TG), pressure differential scanning calorimeter (PDSC) and Rancimat. The obtained biodiesel samples are within the specifications established by ANP Resolution number 7/2008. In addition, all the blends and mineral diesel analyzed presented in conformed withthe ANP Regularion specifications number 15/2006. The obtained results from TG curves data indicated that the cotton biodiesel is the more stable combustible. In the kinetic study, we
obtained the following order of apparent activation energy for the samples: biodiesel from palm oil > sunflower biodiesel > tallow biodiesel > cotton biodiesel. In terms of the oxidative
stability, the two methods studied showed that biodiesel from palm oil is more stable then the tallow. Within the B100 samples studied only the latter were tound to be within the standard
required by ANP resolution N? 7. Testing was carried out according to the EN14112. This higher stability its chemical composition / A busca por novas fontes de energia, que sejam ecologicamente corretas, cresce a cada dia. Dentre essas energias alternativas, o biodiesel ? um dos biocombust?veis que vem tendo destaque na produ??o mundial. No Brasil, a Lei n? 11.097, determina que todo diesel vendido no pa?s, deve ser constitu?do pela mistura de ?leo diesel/biodiesel, denominado BX, onde X representa o percentual em volume de biodiesel no ?leo diesel, conforme especifica??o da Ag?ncia Nacional do Petr?leo (ANP). Entre as principais propriedades que devem ser
controladas para garantir a qualidade do biodiesel est?o as estabilidades t?rmica e oxidativa, as quais dependem, basicamente, da composi??o da mat?ria prima utilizada. Este trabalho tem como objetivo estudar a estabilidade t?rmica e oxidativa de biodieseis provenientes dos ?leos de algod?o, girassol, dend? e do sebo bovino, assim como analisar as propriedades das blendas feitas do ?leo mineral com biodiesel, na propor??o B10. Foram determinadas as principais propriedades f?sico-qu?micas dos ?leos vegetais e gordura animal, das respectivas amostras de B100 e suas misturas, al?m de caracteriza??es atrav?s de infravermelho e cromatografia a g?s. O estudo das estabilidades t?rmica e oxidativa foram realizados atrav?s de Termogravimetria (TG), Calorimetria Explorat?ria Diferencial sob Press?o (PDSC) e Rancimat. As amostras de biodiesel obtidas est?o dentro das especifica??es estabelecidas pela Resolu??o da ANP No7/2008. As misturas analisadas e o diesel mineral apresentaram todos os
resultados em conformidade com as especifica??es da Portaria da ANP N?15/2006. Os resultados obtidos via TG apontam o biodiesel de algod?o como o mais est?vel. No estudo cin?tico, obteve-se a seguinte ordem de energia de ativa??o aparente: biodiesel de dend? > biodiesel de girassol > biodiesel de sebo > biodiesel de algod?o. Em rela??o ? estabilidade oxidativa os resultados obtidos via PDSC e Rancimat indicaram que o biodiesel de dend? foi o mais est?vel, e em seguida o de sebo. Dentre os B100 estudados, o de dend? e sebo bovino, se encontraram dentro dos padr?es exigidos na Resolu??o ANP N?7 (tempo de indu??o 6h), os ensaios foram realizados de acordo com a norma Europ?ia EN14112, a temperatura de 110?C. A maior estabilidade do biodiesel de dend? pode ser atribu?do ? sua composi??o qu?mica
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:repositorio.ufrn.br:123456789/17619 |
| Date | 26 February 2010 |
| Creators | Santos, Anne Gabriella Dias |
| Contributors | CPF:35530502415, http://lattes.cnpq.br/9770622597949866, Gondim, Amanda Duarte, CPF:03014598437, http://lattes.cnpq.br/6738828245487480, Carvalho, Florival Rodrigues de, CPF:31861598491, http://lattes.cnpq.br/4138199723221394, Souza, Luiz Di, Ara?jo, Ant?nio Souza de |
| Publisher | Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Qu?mica, UFRN, BR, F?sico-Qu?mica; Qu?mica |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Source | reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFRN, instname:Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, instacron:UFRN |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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