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Previous issue date: 2005-07-19 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The Iota, Kappa and Lambda commercial carrageenans are rarely pure and normally contain varying amounts of the other types of carrageenans. The exact amount of impurity depends on the seaweed source and extraction procedure. Then, different analysis methods have been applied for determination of the main constituents of carrageenans because these three carrageenans are extensively used in food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry. The electrophoresis of these compounds proved that the carrageenans are constituted by sulfated polysaccharides. These compounds were characterized by colorimetric methods and was observed that the Lambda carrageenan shown the greater value (33.38%) of sulfate. These polymers were examined by means of 13C NMR spectroscopy and infrared spectra. The polysaccharides consisted mainly of units alternating of sulfated galactoses and anhydrogalactoses. The aim of the study was also to test the inflammatory action of these different polysaccharides. A suitable model of inflammation is acute sterile inflammation of the rat hind limb induced by carrageenan. Paw edema was induced by injecting carrageenans (κ, ι and λ) in saline into the hind paw of a male Wistar rats (175–200 g). The pathway to acute inflammation by carrageenan (kappa, iota and lambda) were expressed as time-edema dependence and measured by paw edema volume. For this purpose, was used an apparatus (pakymeter), which makes it possible to measure the inflammation (swelling of the rat foot) with sufficient accuracy. The results showed that κ-carrageenan (1%) have an edema of 3.7 mm and the paw edema increase was time and dose dependent; the ι-carrageenan (0.2%) caused an edema of 4 mm and the λ-carrageenan (1%) caused an edema of 3.6 mm. Other model was used in this study based in the inflammation of pleura for comparatives studies. Injection of carrageenans into the pleural cavity of rat induced an acute inflammatory response characterized by fluid accumulation in the pleural cavity, a large number of neutrophils and raised NO production. The levels of NO were measured by Griess reactive. The ι-carrageenan caused the greater inflammation, because it has high concentration of nitrite/nitrate (63.478 nmoles/rat), exudato volume (1.52 ml) and PMNs (4902 x 103 cells). Quantitative evaluation of inflammations of rats is a useful and important parameter for the evaluation of the efficacy of anti-inflammatory drugs / As carragenanas comerciais Iota, Kappa e Lambda s?o raramente puras e, normalmente, apresentam v?rios outros tipos de pol?meros. A quantidade exata de impurezas depende do m?todo de extra??o e da alga utilizada. Logo, diferentes m?todos t?m sido utilizados para a determina??o do conte?do das carragenanas, tento em vista que elas s?o extensivamente usadas nas ind?strias aliment?cia, de cosm?ticos e farmac?utica. A eletroforese desses compostos provou que eles s?o constitu?dos de polissacar?deos sulfatados. Estes compostos foram caracterizados por m?todos colorim?tricos e foi observado que a carragenana Lambda possui o maior teor de sulfato (33,38%). Esses pol?meros foram analisados por espectroscopias de IV e 13C RNM. Estes polissacar?deos consistem principalmente de unidades alternadas de galactose e anidrogalactose sulfatadas. Foi poss?vel avaliar a a??o inflamat?ria desses diferentes compostos atrav?s de um modelo cl?ssico de inflama??o, que ? o de inflama??o aguda, na pata de ratos, induzida por carragenanas. O edema plantar foi induzido pela inje??o das carragenanas (κ, ι e λ) na pata direita de ratos machos da ra?a Wistar (175-200g). A inflama??o aguda induzida por carragenanas foi expressa pela rela??o tempo-edema e medida pelo volume do edema plantar. Para isto, foi utilizado um paqu?metro, que confere mais precis?o a mensura??o da inflama??o (incha?o na pata do rato). Os resultados mostraram que a carragenana Kappa (1%) induz um edema de 3,7mm e o aumento de volume do edema ? tempo e dose-dependente; a Iota (0,2%) provoca um edema de 4mm; e a Lambda (1%) um edema de 3,6mm. O outro modelo usado neste estudo comparativo ? baseado na inflama??o da pleura (pleurisia). A inje??o de carragenanas na cavidade pleural dos ratos induz uma resposta inflamat?ria aguda caracterizada pelo acumulo de l?quido na cavidade pleural, um grande n?mero de neutr?filos e aumento na produ??o de NO. A carragenana Iota provocou a inflama??o intensa, o que pode ser comprovado pela verifica??o do volume do exudato (1,52 ml), o teor de nitrato/nitrito (63,478 nmol/rato) e a contagem de leuc?citos polimorfonucleares - PMN (4902 x 103 c?lulas). A avalia??o quantitativa da inflama??o em ratos ? um par?metro importante para a avalia??o da efic?cia de drogas antiinflamat?rias
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:repositorio.ufrn.br:123456789/12623 |
| Date | 19 July 2005 |
| Creators | Silva, Fernando Roberto Ferreira |
| Contributors | CPF:06341462468, http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4783254U6&dataRevisao=null, Dantas, Tereza Neuma de Castro, CPF:07286937391, http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4783139Z0&dataRevisao=null, Soriano, Eliane Marinho, CPF:18238050430, http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4786301Y8&dataRevisao=null, Leite, Edda Lisboa |
| Publisher | Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Bioqu?mica, UFRN, BR, Bioqu?mica; Biologia Molecular |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Source | reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFRN, instname:Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, instacron:UFRN |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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