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Previous issue date: 2012-02-29 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / Modification of the landscape for food production and other facilities for human consumption
is the most common and severe threat to global biodiversity. The aims of this study were to
analyze how banana plantations affect bats assemblages, to check whether the planting of
bananas causes a decrease in the dispersion of seeds, to verify if the abundance of nutritional
resources have some influence on bat abundance and richness in areas of banana plantation, to
verify if bats move between plantations and forest fragments or if they show site fidelity to
the areas. A total of 12 banana plantations in Rio de Janeiro State were sampled. Each month,
from November 2008 to October 2010, two capture nights were conducted, being one night in
a banana plantation area and another in an adjacent forest fragment. Bats were sampled with
mist nets, totaling 142,560 m2.h of sampling effort. Bats were identified, marked, remained in
cloth bags to obtain fecal samples, and released after it. The seeds obtained in fecal samples
were counted and classified. The availability of food resources in banana plantation areas was
estimated in five 100 m2 plots, where the number of banana trees, flowers and fruits was
counted. A total of 2,369 captures and recaptures of bats of 27 species were recorded. In
banana plantations 22 species were recorded (four of which were exclusive to such habitat),
and in fragments 23 (with five exclusive). The capture frequency was higher in plantations
than in fragments. Richness, diversity and evenness were similar between habitats. Artibeus
lituratus, Carollia perspicillata, Glossophaga soricina and Phyllostomus hastatus were more
abundant in the banana plantations. The abundance of frugivores, nectarivores and omnivores
was higher in plantation areas while insectivores were more abundant in forest areas. The
estimated richness for each environment suggests that forest fragments are richer than the
banana plantations. A non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) indicated separation
between banana plantations and forest fragments based on species abundance, using Braycurtis
similarity. We analyzed 1,127 fecal samples from 20 species that had 33 morphotypes
of seeds of 12 plant families. There was presence of banana pulp in fecal samples from 10
species. The richness and abundance of seeds dispersed in the two environments did not
differ, however the abundance of seeds per fecal sample was lower in banana plantations. The
abundance of Sturnira lilium was correlated negatively with the abundance of banana and
fruits. The abundance of G. soricina, A. lituratus, nectarivorous and frugivorous bats showed
positive relationship with the abundance of food resource. We obtained 102 recaptures of 99
individuals of 10 species. The most recaptured species were C. perspicillata, A. lituratus and
P. hastatus. Twenty-eight individuals moved between environments, 68 remained in the same
environment of the capture. In all analyzed cases, the proportion of individuals recaptured in
the same location of capture was higher than the recapture proportion in different
environments. These results reinforce the potential of bats as regenerators in habitats modified
by humans, since banana plantations maintain a diverse assemblage. The ability of bats to
disperse pioneer plants species and the use of different environments assure that nature
services of forest regeneration are continued / A modifica??o da paisagem para a produ??o de alimentos e outras comodidades para
consumo humano representa a mais severa e comum amea?a ? biodiversidade global. Os
objetivos deste trabalho foram analisar como o plantio de bananas afeta a comunidade de
morcegos, analisar se o plantio de bananas diminui a dispers?o de sementes, verificar se a
abund?ncia de recurso alimentar influencia a abund?ncia e a riqueza de morcegos em ?reas de
planta??o de banana, verificar se os morcegos se deslocam entre ?reas de planta??es e
fragmentos florestais e se mant?m fidelidade ? ?rea de captura. Foram selecionadas 12 ?reas
de planta??o do estado do Rio de Janeiro. Mensalmente, entre novembro de 2008 e outubro de
2010, foram realizadas duas noites de coleta, sendo uma em ?rea de planta??o de banana e
outra em um fragmento florestal adjacente. As coletas foram realizadas com redes de neblina,
totalizando 142.560 m2.h de esfor?o amostral. Os morcegos foram identificados,
permaneceram em sacos de pano para obten??o de amostras fecais, e soltos ap?s receberem
marca??o. No laborat?rio, as sementes foram classificadas em morfotipos e contadas. A
disponibilidade de recurso alimentar nas ?reas de planta??o de banana foi estimada atrav?s de
cinco plots de 100 m2 , nos quais era contabilizado o n?mero de bananeiras, infrutesc?ncias e
infloresc?ncias de banana. Um total de 2.369 capturas e recapturas de 27 esp?cies foi
registrado. Nos bananais, foram capturadas 22 esp?cies, sendo quatro exclusivas; nos
fragmentos, 23, sendo cinco exclusivas. A frequ?ncia de captura nos bananais foi maior do
que nos fragmentos. A riqueza, a diversidade e a equitabilidade mostraram-se similares. As
esp?cies significativamente mais abundantes nos bananais foram Artibeus lituratus, Carollia
perspicillata, Glossophaga soricina e Phyllostomus hastatus. A abund?ncia de frug?voros,
nectar?voros e on?voros foi maior em ?reas de plantio, enquanto a de inset?voros foi maior em
?reas de floresta. A riqueza estimada para cada ambiente sugere que os fragmentos florestais
s?o mais ricos do que as ?reas de plantio. Uma an?lise de escalonamento multidimensional
(NMDS) indicou separa??o entre os bananais e os fragmentos florestais baseado no n?mero
de capturas por esp?cie, atrav?s da dist?ncia Bray-curtis. Foram analisadas 1.127 amostras
fecais de 20 esp?cies, que apresentaram sementes de 33 morfotipos de 12 fam?lias de plantas.
Foi poss?vel verificar a presen?a de polpa de banana em amostras fecais de 10 esp?cies. A
riqueza e abund?ncia de sementes dispersadas nos dois ambientes n?o diferiram. No entanto, a
abund?ncia de sementes por amostra fecal foi menor em ?reas de planta??o de banana. A
abund?ncia de Sturnira lilium foi inversamente proporcional ? abund?ncia de bananeiras e
infrutesc?ncias de banana. A abund?ncia de G. soricina, A. lituratus, morcegos nectar?voros e
frug?voros foi diretamente proporcional ? abund?ncia de recurso alimentar. Foram obtidas 102
recapturas de 99 morcegos de 10 esp?cies. As esp?cies mais recapturadas foram C.
perspicillata, A. lituratus e P. hastatus. Vinte e oito indiv?duos transitaram entre os
ambientes, 68 permaneceram no mesmo ambiente da captura e tr?s foram recapturados duas
vezes, uma em cada ambiente. Em todos os casos analisados, a propor??o de indiv?duos
recapturados no mesmo local da captura foi maior do que a propor??o de indiv?duos
recapturados em ambientes diferentes. Em ?reas de planta??o de banana, a ordem Chiroptera
foi capaz de manter uma comunidade diversa, a capacidade de dispers?o de esp?cies pioneiras
de plantas e a capacidade de deslocamento. Esses resultados refor?am o potencial dos
morcegos como regeneradores de habitats modificados pelo homem.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:localhost:jspui/1495 |
| Date | 29 February 2012 |
| Creators | Luz, J?lia Lins |
| Contributors | Esb?rard, Carlos Eduardo Lustosa, Zort?a, Marlon, Bernard, Enrico, Pires, Alexandra, Rocha, Fl?via Souza, Geise, Lena |
| Publisher | Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Biologia Animal, UFRRJ, Brasil, Instituto de Ci?ncias Biol?gicas |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Source | reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRRJ, instname:Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, instacron:UFRRJ |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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