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Previous issue date: 2017-02-21 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / A cultura do trigo apresenta grande importância na alimentação humana e animal. Para que grandes produtividades sejam obtidas, faz-se necessário o controle de insetos, doenças e plantas daninhas. O controle químico é a principal medida utilizada pelos agricultores para o manejo dessas pragas. No entanto, esses agrotóxicos podem afetar de forma negativa os inimigos naturais presentes nesse
cultivo. Chrysoperla externa e Eriopis connexa são dois predadores vorazes encontrados com frequência, predando insetos-praga presentes na cultura do trigo. Para que o controle químico e o controle biológico possam ser associados de forma harmoniosa nas lavouras de trigo é necessário que os produtos químicos utilizados sejam seletivos aos insetos benéficos. Nesse sentido, estudos de seletividade a inimigos naturais podem gerar uma grande quantidade de informações importantes
para que a associação desses dois métodos de controle possa ser viabilizada, e com o mínimo impacto ao meio ambiente. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a seletividade de agrotóxicos utilizados na cultura do trigo aos predadores C. externa e E. connexa, utilizando como base a metodologia da “International Organization for Biological and Integrated Control of Noxious Animals and Plants” (IOBC), através de bioensaios em laboratório sobre larvas, ovos, pupas e adultos, além de testes de pesistência biológica em casa-de-vegetação sobre larvas e adultos. O inseticida
diflubenzuron SC foi o único inseticida considerado levemente nocivo as larvas de E. connexa. Os inseticidas inibidores da biossíntese de quitina diflubenzuron SC, diflubenzuron WP, lufenuron e triflumuron apresentaram reduzida mortalidade aos adultos de C. externa e E. connexa. Para os ovos dos predadores, o inseticida etofenproxi foi classificado como levemente nocivo a C. externa, sendo que imidacloprido+beta-ciflutrina, diflubenzuron WP, tiametoxam+lambda-cialotrina A e B, gama-cialotrina e etofenproxi apresentaram a mesma classificação para E. connexa, tendo ainda metomil sendo classificado como moderadamente nocivo aos ovos do predador. Imidacloprido+beta-ciflutrina foi considerado como levemente nocivo as pupas de C. externa enquanto imidacloprido+beta-ciflutrina,
tiametoxam+lambda-cialotrina A e B e lufenuron apresentaram efeito total superior a 30% e foram classificados como levemente nocivos as pupas do predador E. connexa. Quanto a persistência, com exceção de tiametoxam+lambda-cialotrina que 7 foi moderadamente persistente, gama-cialotrina, imidacloprido+beta-ciflutrina, metomil e tiametoxam foram persistentes as larvas de C. externa e E. connexa. Gama-cialotrina, imidacloprido+beta-ciflutrina e metomil foram persistentes a C. externa e imidacloprido+beta-ciflutrina e metomil aos adultos de E. connexa. Tiametoxam foi considerado moderadamente persistente a C. externa e gamacialotrina, tiametoxam e tiametoxam+lambda-cialotrina a E. connexa. O inseticida tiametoxam+lambda-cialotrina foi levemente persistente aos adultos de C. externa. O herbicida glufosinato de amônio foi classificado como moderadamente nocivo a fase larval de ambos os predadores. Quase todos os herbicidas foram classificados como inócuos aos ovos dos dois predadores, com exceção de metsulfuron-metil que foi classificado como levemente nocivo aos ovos de E. connexa. O herbicida 2,4-D amina foi classificado como levemente nocivo a pupas de C. externa e pirimidinadiona apresentou a mesma classificação a pupas de E. connexa. Os
fungicidas piraclostrobina+epoxiconazole B e picoxistrobina+ciproconazole são nocivos as larvas de C. externa. Piraclostrobina+epoxiconazole A foi levemente nocivo a fase de ovo, e propiconazol foi levemente nocivo a fase de pupa de C. externa. O fungicida piraclostrobina+epoxiconazole A foi considerado nocivo as larvas de E. connexa. Piraclostrobina+epoxiconazole A e tebuconazole A foram
levemente nocivos a fase de ovo, e piraclostrobina+epoxiconazole A e propiconazol foram levemente nocivos a fase de pupa do coccinelídeo. / The wheat crop hasp great importance in the human and animal nutrition. In order to obtain large yields, it is necessary the control of insects, diseases and weeds. The chemical control through the use of pesticides is the main measure used by farmers to manage these pests. However, these pesticides can negatively affect the natural enemies present in this crop. Chrysoperla externa and Eriopis connexa are two very voracious predators and are found often preying on aphids present in wheat crop. In order for chemical control and biological control to be harmoniously associated in the wheat crop, it is necessary that the chemicals used must be selective for beneficial insects. So, studies of selectivity to natural enemies can generate a large amount of important data for the association of these two control methods can be made feasible, with minimal impact to the environment. The objective of this work was to evaluate the selectivity of agrochemicals used in the wheat crop to the predators C. externa and E. connexa, based on the methodology of the International Organization for Biological and Integrated Control of Noxious Animals and Plants (IOBC) Through laboratory bioassays on larvae, eggs, pupae and adults, in addition to tests of biological persistence in greenhouse conditions on larvae and adults. The insecticide diflubenzuron SC was the only insecticide considered to be slightly harmful to E.
connexa larvae. The chitin biosynthesis inhibitors diflubenzuron SC, diflubenzuron WP, lufenuron and triflumuron showed reduced mortality on adults of C. externa and E. connexa. For the eggs of the predators, the insecticide etofenproxi was classified as slightly harmful to C. externa, and imidacloprid+beta-cyfluthrin, diflubenzuron WP, thiamethoxam+lambda-cyhalothrin A and B, gamma-cyhalothrin and etofenproxi showed the same classification for E. connexa, being methomyl classified as moderately harmful to the predator eggs. Imidacloprid+beta-cyfluthrin was considered as slightly harmful the pupae of C. externa while imidacloprid+betacyfluthrin, thiamethoxam+lambda-cyhalothrin A and B and lufenuron had a total effect superior to 30% and were classified as slightly harmful to the pupae of the predator E. connexa. Regarding the insecticide persistence, with the exception of
thiamethoxam+lambda-cyhalothrin that was moderately persistent, gammacyhalothrin, imidacloprid+beta-cyfluthrin, methomyl and thiamethoxam were persistent to C. externa and E. connexa larvae. Gamma-cyhalothrin, 9 imidacloprid+beta-cyfluthrin and methomyl were persistent to C. externa and imidacloprid+beta-cyfluthrin and methomyl to adults of E. connexa. Thiamethoxam was considered moderately persistent to C. externa and gamma-cyhalothrin, thiamethoxam and thiamethoxam+lambda-cyhalothrin to E. connexa. The insecticide thiamethoxam+lambda-cyhalothrin was slightly persistent to C. externa adults. The herbicide ammonium glufosinate was classified as moderately harmful to the larval phase of both predators. Almost all herbicides were classified as innocuous to the eggs of both predators, with the exception of metsulfuron-methyl which was classified as slightly deleterious to E. connexa eggs. The herbicide 2,4-D amine was classified as slightly harmful to pupae of C. externa and pyrimidinedione presented the same classification to E. connexa pupae. The fungicides pyraclostrobin +epoxiconazole B and picoxystrobin+ciproconazole are harmful to C. externa larvae. Piraclostrobin+epoxiconazole A was slightly harmful to the egg phase, and propiconazole was slightly harmful to the pupa phase of C. externa. The fungicide pyraclostrobin+epoxiconazole A was considered to be harmful to E. connexa larvae. Piraclostrobin+epoxiconazole A and tebuconazole A were slightly harmful to the egg phase, and pyraclostrobin+epoxiconazole A and propiconazole were slightly harmful
to the pupal phase of the coccinellidae.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:repositorio.ufpel.edu.br:prefix/3669 |
| Date | 21 February 2017 |
| Creators | Pasini, Rafael Antonio |
| Contributors | 51186918004, http://lattes.cnpq.br/0004299496087718, Grützmacher, Anderson Dionei |
| Publisher | Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fitossanidade, UFPel, Brasil, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
| Source | reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPEL, instname:Universidade Federal de Pelotas, instacron:UFPEL |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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