從原始社會以物易物的交換開始，人為了生活需求就已離不開「消費」，也逐漸產生消費者保護的議題。但由於近代人類大量消費和相關的生產活動，大量的截取自然資源，造成自然環境破壞，反而危害人類的生存環境，促使消費者保護關切到環境保護的課題。
由於環境迅速惡化的問題愈來愈獲國際社會重視，為了追求人類社會的永續發展，1992年聯合國環境和發展會議通過《廿一世紀議程(Agenda 21)》，並於其第四章「改變消費模式」中提出「永續消費(sustainable consumption)」理念及相關行動方針；1999年國際消費者保護聯盟(CI)並促請聯合國將1985年訂定的「聯合國消費者保護指導綱領」增加第G章「推動永續消費(Section G. Promotion of sustainable consumption)」，從此「永續消費」成為國際推動消費者保護工作的一個新主題。
台灣由於社會經濟環境的演進，因消費行為而影響環境或反過來影響消費者健康事件也愈趨頻仍，但目前尚無這方面具體的消費者保護政策。為了維護居住環境品質，確保台灣的永續發展，以及身為國際社會的一員，共同分擔國人消費行為對全球環境影響的責任，我國有必要制訂推動「永續消費」的消費者保護政策。行政院消費者保護委員會雖自2009年已依筆者的初步研究，正式開始推動「永續消費」，但缺乏具體的政策架構及推動內容，影響推動進展，有需要加以建立，而這也是本論文主要的研究動機與目的。
本論文先透過對國內外「永續消費」及消費者保護發展資料的蒐集、彙整、探討及分析比較，建立「消費者保護—推動永續消費」的操作性定義、政策原則及目標等政策架構，再依據政策規劃理論研訂出政策綱領(初稿)。為確保此一綱領的具體可行，運用問卷調查及焦點團體法廣泛蒐集消費者及各界學者專家的意見並加以彙整分析、評估及研處後，據以修訂完成綱領“草案”，將提供政府機關參採。
在以上的政策規劃及評估過程中，本論文有很多重要的研究發現，包括：對永續消費意涵的重新界定並建立我國的政策架構；就國際推動永續消費的困難，提出因應對策；「永續消費」應視為消費者應盡的「義務」或延伸責任；台灣應重視中高齡者環保商品和服務的開發、產業的轉型，以及加強因應食品、娛樂教育及文化服務、水資源、交通運輸及通訊、醫療及保健等產業的永續消費課題；透過問卷調查分析，獲知多數的受訪者雖認同「永續消費」的理念，但亦認為自己個人的能力有限．．．等。
針對以上研究發現，本論文提出的建議主要有：在政策理念發展方面，包括：將「永續消費」理念納入並研修消費者保護法令、基本政策及永續發展行動計畫等重要政策文件；關注國際永續消費及消費者保護的推動進展，積極參與並分擔消費對全球環境影響責任；以「永續消費」作為未來我國消費者保護新時代的推動方針；加強弱勢消費族群的經濟扶助及消費教育；獎助公務人員進行與業務有關的進修及研究並提供行政協助等。在未來政策綱領推動執行方面，包括：加強綱領觀念的推廣與宣導；強化推動組織的職能；參考焦點座談與談者所提涉及未來執行方面的建議，研議執行細節。
另就「永續消費」未來可繼續研究的方向，本論文建議包括：發展「永續消費」的其他政策面向；研究發展本土性的政策工具；及針對特定議題或推動困難進行專案研究。 / From the beginning of people exchange goods in primitive society, people need to consume for living, so there were some issues related consumer protection raised. Because of people had consumed too much and the related production activities in modern society, massive amounts of natural resources were consumed and that result to hurt the environment which human live, compelling the area of consumer protection be expended to environment protection.
Due to the problem of environment getting worse be paid attention gradually at global society, for pursuing the sustainable development of human society, the idea of “sustainable consumption” and it’s related action guidelines were addressed in the 4th chapter “Changing consumption patterns” in "Agenda 21" which had passed in United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in 1992. Then after, Consumers International(CI) promoted successfully that “United Nations Guidelines for Consumer Protection” which had passed in 1985 be added the Section G. Promotion of sustainable consumption in 1999, so “sustainable consumption” has become a new subject in consumer protection area from now on.
As a result of the evolution of Taiwan’s society and economy, the events that consumer behavior affect the environment and the affected environment affect the consumer health in turn are becoming more often, but there is still not having the related concrete consumer protection policy in Taiwan now. In order to maintain the environmental quality to live and guarantee Taiwan’s sustainable development, being one of members of global society, Taiwan should share the duty of global environment affected by our people’s consumer behavior, so it is necessary to set up the consumer protection policy related sustainable consumption in Taiwan. Although the CPC (Consumer Protection Commission, Executive Yuan) has begun to promote consumer protection affairs related sustainable consumption according to my preliminary study since 2009, its progress is limited because of lacking a concrete policy framework and content, so it is necessary to establish the policy guidelines that is also the main research motivation and purpose of this dissertation.
I established a policy framework which include the operational definition, policy principles and goals of the policy guidelines for “Consumer Protection - Promotion of sustainable consumption” through collecting, arranging, exploring, analyzing and comparing domestic and foreign information related sustainable consumption and consumer protection development at first, then draw up the first draft of this guidelines by applying the theory of policy formulation according to the policy framework. In order to guarantee the policy guidelines are indeed practicable, I collected extensively the opinions to this guidelines from consumer, scholars and experts by using questionnaire survey and focus group method afterwards. Finally, I integrated, analyzed, evaluated and studied these opinions to revise the first draft as a protocol which will be provided the government as a reference.
There are some important discoveries in the policy formulation and evaluation process in this dissertation, including: redefined the meaning of sustainable consumption and established Taiwan’s policy; to create resolutions to the difficulties of promoting sustainable consumption ; regarding sustainable consumption as consumer’s responsibility or the extensive duty; Taiwan should pay more attention to develop environment friendly product and service for medium-elder people, industry reforming, as well as the issues of sustainable consumption in food, entertainment, education and cultural service, water resources, transportation and communication, medical service and health care, etc; by way of the analysis of questionnaire survey, we realized that most of interviewees not only identify with the idea of sustainable consumption, but also considered that individual ability to improve environmental quality is limited, etc.
According to the above discoveries, the main suggestions of this dissertation are: firstly, at the aspect of development of policy idea, including: to revise consumer protection law, consumer protection basic policy, national action plan of sustainable development and other policy documents; to pay attention to the international development of sustainable consumption and consumer protection, and take part in and share positively the duty of impacts of global environment which is caused by consumption; to regard sustainable consumption as a guidelines in the new consumer protection era of Taiwan; to provide the disadvantaged consumer with economy assistance and consumer education; to encourage the servant pursue further education and have a study related their practice, as well as provide the administrative assistance. At the aspect of the execution of the policy guidelines later, including: to propagate and promote the idea of the policy guidelines actively; to intensify the function of promoting and executive organization; to explore the detail of execution, according to experts’ suggestions in the focus group meeting.
In addition, at the aspect of the continued study for sustainable consumption in the future, the suggestions of this dissertation are including: to develop other policy aspect than consumer protection; to study and develop policy tools which are fit to Taiwan; and to conduct special research to specific issues or difficulties of promoting.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:CHENGCHI/G0912565061 |
| Creators | 廖世机, Liao, Shih Chi |
| Publisher | 國立政治大學 |
| Source Sets | National Chengchi University Libraries |
| Language | 中文 |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | text |
| Rights | Copyright © nccu library on behalf of the copyright holders |
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