Thesis (MA)-- Stellenbosch University, 2013. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In 1992, warring factions in Mozambique put an end to 15 years of violence and instability.
By signing the General Peace Accord in Rome, the civil war was officially over, and postconflict
reconstruction could begin. The post-conflict state has been struggling with high
poverty, weak infrastructure and the burden of returning refugees as well as internally
displaced people (IDP’s) in the aftermath of the war. Moreover, in recent years, increasing
domestic activity on the part of transnational criminal syndicates has become a major national
and regional security dilemma.
In this study, Mozambique, as a post-conflict state has been examined to identify the most
important factors that lead to the increase and continuation in transnational crime in terms of
human trafficking. Using prevailing state theories and post-conflict theories within the field of
Political Science and analyzing Mozambique from the conceptual theoretical lenses of Max
Weber, Charles Tilly, Shmuel N. Eistenstadt, and several other scholars, it is argued that there
are numerous elements present within the state that have led to an increase in crime. These are
first and foremost the (neo) patrimonial features of the state, corrupt state-officials, the state’s
pluralist legal-system and a general lack of public trust in the legitimacy of the government.
Incomplete post-conflict reconstruction efforts, resulting in lack of public goods, such as
health-care, schooling and jobs along with a culture of exploitation and objectification of
women and deep-rooted gender-inequality in Mozambique is argued to provide criminal
syndicates with an opportunity to capitalize on organized crimes such as trafficking of
humans.
In recent years, positive developments manifest themselves through the international
recognition of human trafficking and domestic ratifications of international laws and
protocols to combat human trafficking. While Mozambique has ratified “The Protocol to
Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children” this
study reveals state factors that make the elimination of the crime of human trafficking in
Mozambique difficult. The findings of the study are symbolic of a globalized problem.
Combating transnational crime does not depend solely on international, regional and domestic
cooperation through laws and regulations; it also necessitates increased national efforts in
dealing with the root-causes of trafficking and to increase the political and public awareness
in the country towards this human rights violation. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In 1992 het strydende groepe in Mosambiek 'n einde gemaak aan 15 jaar van geweld en
onstabiliteit. Met die ondertekening van die Algemene Vredesverdrag in Rome, is die
burgeroorlog amptelik beëindig en post-konflik rekonstruksie kon begin. Die post-konflik
staat het gesukkel met hoë armoede, swak infrastruktuur en die las van terugkerende
vlugtelinge en interne verplaasde persone in die nadraai van die oorlog. Daarbenewens het
toenemende plaaslike aktiwiteite van transnasionale kriminele sindikate in die afgelope jare 'n
groot nasionale en streeks-sekuriteitsdilemma geword.
In hierdie studie is Mosambiek as 'n post-konflik staat geanaliseer om die mees belangrike
faktore wat tot die toename in transnasionale misdaad (in terme van mensehandel) gelei het,
te identifiseer. Deur gebruik te maak van bestaande staatsteorieë en post-konflik teorieë in die
veld van Politieke Wetenskap en deur Mosambiek te analiseer uit die teoretiese blik van Max
Weber, Charles Tilly, Shmuel N. Eistenstadt, en andere, word daar geargumenteer dat daar
verskeie elemente binne die staat is wat tot dié toename in misdaad gelei het. Allereers is die
neo(patrimoniale) kenmerke van die staat, korrupte staatsamptenare, die pluralistiese
regstelsel en algemene gebrek aan publieke vertroue in die regering. Daar word
geargumenteer dat onvolledige post-konflik rekonstruksie, wat 'n tekort aan publieke goedere
soos gesondheidsorg, opvoeding en werk tot gevolg het, tesame met 'n kultuur van die
seksualisering van vroue en diep-gewortelde geslagsongelykheid in die staat, vir kriminele
sindikate geleenthede vir organiseerde misdaad soos mensehandel bied.
In die afgelope jare het positiewe ontwikkelinge gemanifisteer deur die internationale
erkenning van mensehandel en die plaaslike bekragtigings van internationale wette en
protokols om mensehandel te bestry. Alhoewel Mosambiek "The Protocol to Prevent, Supress
and Punish Traffickin in Persons, especially Women and Children" bekragtig het, toon die
studie dat sekere staatsfaktore die uitwissing van mensehandel in Mosambiek moeilik maak.
Die bevindinge van die studie is simbolies van 'n globaliseerde probleem; die bestryding van
transnasionale misdaad berus nie net op internasionale, streek en plaaslike samewerking deur
wette en regulasies nie, maar dit noodsaak ook verhoogde nasionale inspanning om die
grondoorsake van mensehandel te hanteer en om politieke en publieke bewustheid omtrent dié
menseregteskending in die land te verhoog.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:netd.ac.za/oai:union.ndltd.org:sun/oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/85843 |
| Date | 12 1900 |
| Creators | Devor, Camilla Pahle |
| Contributors | Lambrechts, Derica, Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences. Dept. of Political Science. |
| Publisher | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| Source Sets | South African National ETD Portal |
| Language | en_ZA |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Thesis |
| Format | xiv, 107 p. : ill., maps |
| Rights | Stellenbosch University |
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