社團參與在當代社會早已成為非常重要的議題，不論是西方還是台灣學界都有許多相關的研究。不同於西方社團參與的形式，台灣距離政治民主化只有短短的數十年，社團參與在過去威權統治以及現在民主開放的影響下，產生了複雜的運作機制。一方面，政治上的開放使得社團參與遭遇的限制大幅減少，各式各樣社團呈現蓬勃發展的趨勢，目的性的結社成為了最重要的社團參與形式；另一方面傳統文化下的擬式血源性社團並沒有因為威權體制崩解而失去活力，在地方選舉中依舊保有關鍵的地位。
為了探究台灣解嚴後社團參與的獨特意義，以及民主化之後是否又面臨什麼樣的改變？本文以參與社團所形成的網絡結構作為分析方法，從社團和政黨的網絡鑲嵌性以及社團網絡的社會資本效果，嘗試找出社團網絡的結構及變遷。
透過研究本文呈現了幾個重要發現：首先，研究結果指出台灣社團參與沒有欣欣向榮的發展，在參與者的比例有下降的趨勢，而且教育程度並無顯著提高，反駁了先前的研究；其次，在1992、1997以及2002年三次調查中，政黨和社團的鑲嵌性變化不大，大致上國民黨是強烈鑲嵌在社團網絡之中，反之民進黨則一直處於邊陲的地位，政黨輪替並沒有造成太大的改變；第三，草根性社團仍是台灣很重要的社會力基礎，其成員參與其他社團的比例相當高，不過受限於成員特殊性的影響，使得連結性有不少的侷限；最後，社團網絡確實會有社會資本的效果，不論是從連結能力還是不同結構位置的社團都被證實，但是在台灣這樣的社會資本卻是帶有選擇性的，整體上參與社團的人確實會比較傾向投給泛藍的陣營。 / Civic engagement in modern societies has been an important academic issue, both in Western countries and Taiwan. Unlike that in the Western societies, the civic engagement in Taiwan has a more complex operating mechanism in that authoritarian ruling in the past and democratization of Taiwan in the recent decades have a joint effect on the associations. On the one hand, because democratization greatly reduced the constraints on civic engagement, all kinds of associations have become prosperous and goal-oriented associations become the most important form of civic engagement. On the other hand, under the influence of traditional culture, primary associations still keep their power even with the collapse of authoritarian regime; they still play a key role in the local elections.
This thesis analyzes the network structure formed by associations to understand the special meaning of civic engagement in Taiwan after the abolition of martial laws and the changes the network may encounter after the democratization. It looks at three investigations of Social Change Survey in 1992, 1997, and 2002 to find the structure and change from the network embeddedness of associations and political parties and from the effects of social capital obtained by association network.
This thesis presents the following important findings: First, the associations in Taiwan are not as prosperous as mentioned in previous research. The data show that the proportion of participants among Taiwanese civilians decreases and the educational degree of the members does not significantly increase. Second, in the three surveys, the embeddedness of political parties and associations does not show obvious change. Generally speaking, KMT still strongly embed in association network, while DPP remains isolated from the network. The shift of political power does not cause strong effects. Third, the grassroots associations still are important basis of social forces, having a high ratio of members joining other associations. However, because of specialties of their members, the capacity of the grassroots associations is limited. Finally, association network has its effects on accumulating social capital, which can be shown by the capacity of association network and by the structural locations of different associations. However, such social capital in Taiwan is selective. Generally speaking, people who join the associations tend to support the pan-blue parties.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:CHENGCHI/G0094254003 |
| Creators | 林亞鋒, Lin, Ya Feng |
| Publisher | 國立政治大學 |
| Source Sets | National Chengchi University Libraries |
| Language | 中文 |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | text |
| Rights | Copyright © nccu library on behalf of the copyright holders |
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