碩士 / 大漢技術學院 / 土木工程與環境資源管理研究所 / 105 / Because of cushioning and insulating properties, Styrofoam is widely used in one-time packaging of a variety of goods. A considerable amount of waste is, as a result, produced, which makes it difficult to be recycled and transported. Recent studies have shown that up to 90% of floating oceanic debris is Styrofoam and it has posed a serious threat to the ecology. In this research, CH3COOSO3H is used as sulfonatingagent. After the Sulfonation of deserted Styrofoam, it then has highly economic ion exchange capacity. By comparing it with the same type of ion exchange resin on the market, an analysis of sulfonation of the deserted Styrofoam is conducted to see if Sulfonation could induce ion exchange capacity and thus increase the possibilities of recycling and reusing of Styrofoam. In the following is the research method. First, Divinylbenzene is used as the main solvent to dissolve Polystyrene and deserted Styrofoam. Next, different amounts of CH3COOSO3H (20ml, 50ml, and 80ml respectively) are added for Sulfonation in order for SO3H- to make bond with experimental materials. Finally, degree of Sulfonation and ion exchange capacity are adopted for criteria to see if there is a distinction between Polystyrene and Styrofoam and ion exchange resin on the market. The experiment aims to find out (1) The properties of absorption and regeneration of ion exchange resin on the market. (2) How Sulfonatingagent would affect degree of Sulfonation after the Sulfonation of Polystyrene and deserted Styrofoam (3) How grain size would affect ion exchange capacity after the Sulfonation of Polystyrene and deserted Styrofoam. (4) The properties of absorption and regeneration of the Sulfonation of Polystyrene and deserted Styrofoam. In the following are the results of the experiment. As for Polystyrene, the sulfonation of Polystyrene could induce ion exchange capacity. Degree of Sulfonation is approximately 90% of theoretical degree of Sulfonation, while its ion exchange capacity could barely have 58% of that of ion exchange resin on the market. As for the deserted Styrofoam, the Sulfonation of Styrofoam could induce ion exchange capacity. Degree of Sulfonation is 70% of theoretical degree of Sulfonation, whereas its ion exchange capacity could barely have 30% of that of ion exchange resin on the market. It is found that the foaming agent and dyes in the deserted Styrofoam are the factors in affecting the degree of Sulfonation. Also, because the Sulfonation of Polystyrene and Styrofoam does not cross link with Divinylbenzene, its structure is looser than that of ion exchange resin on the market. This property, however, turns out to help accelerate ion exchange.

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Relações Internacionais, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Relações Internacionais, Mestrado em Relações Internacionais, 2016. / Submitted by Fernanda Percia França (fernandafranca@bce.unb.br) on 2017-03-07T21:23:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_RafhaelRibeiroRezende.pdf: 501376 bytes, checksum: 5a80e1d0566096e57a5004437d6290fe (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ruthléa Nascimento(ruthleanascimento@bce.unb.br) on 2017-03-21T14:53:52Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_RafhaelRibeiroRezende.pdf: 501376 bytes, checksum: 5a80e1d0566096e57a5004437d6290fe (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-21T14:53:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_RafhaelRibeiroRezende.pdf: 501376 bytes, checksum: 5a80e1d0566096e57a5004437d6290fe (MD5) / Esta pesquisa tem como objeto os antagonismos da imagem de Juan Manuel de Rosas na imprensa brasileira. Busca-se estabelecer um panorama da história política de Rosas, examinar a percepção sobre ele na historiografia brasileira e, por fim, analisar diretamente as fontes jornalísticas do século XIX. Investiga-se, nas fontes primárias, as abordagens da imprensa brasileira sobre vários aspectos de Rosas e do rosismo, tais como: a Campanha do Deserto, a Mazorca, as “faculdades extraordinárias”, a resistência às invasões europeias. Discute-se a influência do americanismo e do discurso civilizatório na maneira como os brasileiros viam Rosas. O cerne do trabalho é a oposição entre rosistas e antirrosistas no Brasil. / This research has as object the antagonisms of the image of Juan Manuel de Rosas in the Brazilian press. It seeks to establish a panorama of the political history of Rosas, to examine the perception about him in Brazilian historiography and, finally, to analyze directly the nineteenth-century journalistic sources. In the primary sources, the Brazilian press’ approaches to various aspects of Rosas and Rosism are investigated, such as the Desert Campaign, the Mazorca, the “extraordinary powers”, the resistance to European invasions. It also discusses the influence of americanism and civilizing discourse in the way Brazilians saw Rosas. The core of the work is the opposition between rosistas and antirrosistas in Brazil.

碩士 / 國立臺南大學 / 生態暨環境資源學系環境生態碩士班 / 105 / Qigu used to be a major area of the aquaculture industry. However, with the socio-economic change in the recent years, most of the fish farms in Qigu are no longer productive and have been deserted. Without the human intervention, the deserted fish farms gradually evolves into marshes. The major focuses of this study are as follows: first, the vegetation society in the marshes; second, the seasonal changes of vegetation in deserted fish farm, and third, the relationship between vegetative distribution and environmental gradients. Vegetation analysis will be applied on these studies. The main population of plants in Qigu marshes were herb. Poaceae is considered to be the dominant species, since the important value of Sporobolus virginicus, Paspalum vaginatum, Imperata cylindrical and Phragmites australis was as high as 79.4. Moreover, according to TWINSPAN, the vegetation in deserted fish farms can be classified into six types, i. e., Imperata cylindrica type, Sporobolus virginicus type, Sporobolus virginicus- Paspalum vaginatum type, Paspalum vaginatum type, Phragmites australis type, and Suaeda maritima type. In conclusion, the diversity of plant species in deserted fish farms is low. As for the seasonal difference, the vegetation analysis shows that there is no obvious differences between seasons in vegetative type in these deserted fish farms. The observation may attribute to the influence from dominant plants. Dominant plants barely changed between seasons which lead to the result of the analysis. Seasonal difference could be observed if dominant plants were excluded. Therefore, dominant plants are contributed to the seasonal difference of vegetation in Qigu marshes. Additionally, distribution of plants in the deserted fish farms can be divided into three groups based on land elevation and plant heights: a first group, Phragmites australis and Paspalum vaginatum with heights between 55.8~82.9 cm; a second group, Sporobolus virginicus, Suaeda maritima and salt barren with heights of 85.1~108.3cm; and a last group is dominant plant I. cylindrical, which has a height between 112.1~142.7cm. At last, the result of canonical correspondence analysis indicates that habitats between dominant plants are different. Paspalum vaginatum and Phragmites australis thrive in high flooded stress area, which is low-lying, moist and close to water. On the contrary, Sporobolus virginicus and Suaeda maritima grow in an arid environment, which is dry, saline and away from water. Furthermore, I. cylindrical is covers the area with high elevation and low salts, which has lower in environmental stress.

My work explores hallucinatory landscapes of the US American West by using a combination of painting styles outside of the Western painting canon. I cross-reference painting and cinema, interweaving video, acrylic paint and the panorama to create a satirical homage to the history and present state of the USA. However, through an earnest devotion to the medium - both painting and cinema - I find my criticisms also yearn to hold onto a belief in a myth I know to be false. This is an American History conversation about artifice and consumerism through advertising. I use Las Vegas and the Mojave Desert as my metaphor. Las Vegas’ rapidly expanding population has displaced actual plants and animals to replace them with artificial sculptures of the desert cactus and coyote. This desert landscape occupies what was previously Mexico and before that Indigenous lands. TV and hallucinogens play a part in my work - as a means to tap into the psychological staticky holiness of the desert, and I use certain painting techniques to mimic the optical effects of these phenomena. These techniques reference my experience with theater backdrop painting and psychedelic movie posters as well as kitsch hobbyist landscape painting. My focus is the specific territory outside of the National Parks service, the government lands leased to mining companies and housing developers. These are the mystical desert tracts of spacious landscape, just as ecologically important to the whole, yet considered “not quite pretty enough” to warrant a National Park sign or roaming ranger.

Desertification is a serious threat that damages the environment in many African countries, as a result of climatic factors and population growth. This research, investigated and monitored the dynamics of the desert area in the Republic of Sudan using geographic information system (GIS) and remote sensing images. The expansion of desertification in Sudan, particularly in Darfur, Kordofan, and Alshymalia states has, increased rapidly. Many efforts have been committed to understanding its dynamics, causes, and impacts. However, the data are still lacking. In this study Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Normalized Different Vegetation Index (NDVI), Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), and Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) images were acquired for the months of July, August, and September (growing seasons of the vegetation in the study area) of the years 2000, 2009, and 2014 respectively. Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) data were used to compare and validate the result of MODIS data. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Spectral Mixture Analysis (SMA) techniques were utilized to produce three classification maps, and to address the issue of the mixed pixel. Post-classification change detection method was used to quantify the change that had occurred in the study area. The results show that the overall classification accuracy for the MODIS data for the year 2000, 2009, and 2014 was 79.52 %, 81.90 %, and 85.76 % respectively, and there was a significant increase in the expansion of the desert area towards the south and southwest of the study area. The temporal period between 2000 and 2009 indicated the greatest conversion of vegetation to desert area. Population growth and climatic changes such as temperature increment and precipitation variation were the major factors that led to the desert expansion. The result of this study will provide the people of Sudan with the information regarding desert area land expansion during the past 14 years, thereby raising awareness about the environmental problem in Sudan.

El presente estudio tiene por objetivo analizar la presencia del movimiento artístico de acrílicos sobre tela de los desiertos Central y Occidental australianos en el espacio museístico europeo. El marco temporal abarcado es de 1982-2012. En particular, se investiga dicha presencia, por un lado, a través de compilar las iniciativas de exposición temporal de dicho movimiento; y, por el otro, del análisis del proceso curatorial y de la materialización en el espacio físico del macro encargo de obras Aborígenes contemporáneas que se insertan hoy en el complejo arquitectónico del Musée du Quai Branly. El estudio pone el foco de atención en comprender la circulación de las obras en Europa (sus actores e instituciones de acogida), en subrayar la interculturalidad del fenómeno y en analizar las poéticas y políticas de construcción de la Aboriginalidad, presentes y pasadas, a través de dicho movimiento. / The following dissertation analyzes the presence of the Australian Central and Western Deserts acrylic movement in European museums from 1982 till 2012. Such presence is investigated by compiling European temporary exhibitions initiatives around the acrylic movement, and by analyzing Musée du Quai Branly’s double commission of contemporary Aboriginal artworks which are integrated today in the museum architectural complex as permanent displays. The main goals of this study are: to understand how Australian acrylic paintings from the desert have been circulating in Europe (by which actors and museums), to highlight the intercultural nature of this artistic movement and its circulation, as well as, to explore past and present representations of Aboriginality through the movement.

Les champs magnétiques jouent un rôle important dans l'évolution stellaire, mais les propriétés magnétiques des étoiles massives et de masse intermédiaire sont mal connues. Seul une petite fraction (7%) des étoiles massives et de masse intermédiaire possèdent un champ magnétique et la force de leur champ dipolaire est supérieure à ~300 Gauss. La théorie pour expliquer l'origine de ces champs, la théorie des champs fossiles, n'explique pas pourquoi seulement une petite partie des étoiles chaudes ont un champ magnétique. Récemment, un champ magnétique ultra-faible (moins de 1 Gauss) a été découvert sur deux étoiles de masse intermédiaire (Vega et Sirius). Ce sont peut être les premières détections d'un nouveau type de champ magnétique faible. Deux familles d'étoiles magnétiques chaudes pourraient donc exister, avec des champs forts ou ultra-faibles, séparées par ce qu'on appelle le désert magnétique. Ma thèse consiste à analyser des données spectropolarimétriques prises avec des spectropolarimètres haute résolution, principalement avec Narval installé au télescope de 2 mètres à l'Observatoire du Pic du Midi. Une partie de ma thèse été dédiée à l'étude des champs magnétiques les plus faibles, parmi les champs forts. J'ai analysé les observations de l'étoiles O massive zeta Ori A. Peu d'étoiles O sont connues pour être magnétiques et zeta Ori A possède le plus faible champ magnétique. J'ai aussi participé à un programme observationnel pour déterminer la limite supérieure du désert magnétique grâce aux étoiles Ap/Bp. Le but de ces études est de tester la dépendance de la limite supérieure du désert magnétique par rapport à la rotation et à la masse. Une deuxième partie de ma thèse est consacrée à la recherche des champs ultra-faibles pour fournir des contraintes aux divers scenarios qui expliquent la dichotomie entre les champs forts et faibles et améliorer notre connaissance des propriétés ce type de champ magnétique. Je présente les résultats d'étude d'étoiles normales, UZ Lyn et Vega, ainsi que celles de plusieurs d'étoiles chimiquement particulières (Am et HgMn). Les études présentées dans ma thèse apportent une lumière nouvelle sur le magnétisme des étoiles chaudes et des contraintes pour la physique stellaire en général, en particulier pour l'évolution stellaire. / Magnetic fields are known to play a fundamental role in stellar evolution but the magnetic properties of massive and intermediate-mass stars are not well understood. Only a small (7%) fraction of massive and intermediate-mass stars are found to be magnetic and their dipolar magnetic field strength is above ~300 Gauss. The current paradigm, the fossil field theory, describes this magnetism as remnant of an early phase of the star-life, but leaves many basic questions unanswered, such as the small fraction of magnetic stars, and in practice provides no constraint to stellar evolution theory. Recently, an ultra weak magnetic field (less than 1 Gauss) has been discovered in two intermediate mass stars (Vega and Sirius). They may be the first detections of a new type of weak magnetic fields. Two families of magnetic stars may thus exist: with strong or ultra-weak fields, separated by the so-called magnetic desert. My PhD thesis consists in analyzing observational data taken with high-resolution spectropolarimeters, mainly with Narval installed on the 2-meter telescope at the Pic du Midi Observatory, to detect magnetic fields. One part of my thesis is dedicated to the study of the weakest end of strong magnetic fields. I analyzed the observations of a massive O star, zeta Ori A. Only a few O stars are known to be magnetic and zeta Ori A has the weakest field. I was also involved in a project to determine the upper limit of the magnetic desert thanks to observations of Ap/Bp stars. The goal of these studies is to test the dependence of the upper limit with rotation and mass. The other part of my thesis is dedicated to the search for ultra-weak fields in hot stars to provide constraints to the various scenarios that explain the strong vs weak field dichotomy and improve our understanding of the properties of this kind of weak field. I present the result of the studies of normal stars, UZ Lyn and Vega, and of several chemically peculiar (Am and HgMn) stars. The studies presented in my PhD thesis provide new clues about magnetism in hot stars and constraint for stellar physics in general, in particular for stellar evolution.

<p> The purpose of this project was to develop a grant proposal seeking funds for the implementation of a youth-led nutrition and education program utilizing the development and maintenance of a community garden. The participants will be youth from low income and minority backgrounds in San Diego, California. The service partners of San Diego Youth Services TAY Academy will have the opportunity to participate in this community garden program to learn about healthy eating habits, the risks of obesity, and food desert communities. </p><p> Through a review of the literature on obesity, food deserts, and community gardens the writer proposed and designed a youth-led community garden program. The writer explored potential public and private funding sources, which yielded the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation as a potential funding source. </p><p> The actual submission and/or funding of this grant proposal were not a requirement for the successful completion of this project.</p>

Limited access to, and availability of, fresh, healthy, and affordable food is a major concern in several communities across the United States of America. Such conditions have long perpetuated a wide variety of negative health outcomes that include, but are not limited to, obesity, diabetes, and other heart-related disease and illness, not to mention socio-economic immobility. Furthermore, the prevalence of limited food access and food insecurity is well researched and documented as an issue that disproportionately affects non-white, lower-income communities. The following research paper aims to better understand the characteristics of food deserts, the communities that are most affected by them, and the challenges that food deserts present to the local community. Additionally, the following research paper seeks to explain why most conventional grocery stores and supermarkets do not enter underserved markets. As such, it discusses the financial difficulties associated with grocery anchored retail developments in underserved markets, and examines why such communities struggle to attract investment in general. / 0 / SPK / specialcollections@tulane.edu

abstract: Desert environments provide considerable challenges to organisms because of high temperatures and limited food and water resources. Accordingly, desert species have behavioral and physiological traits that enable them to cope with these constraints. However, continuing human activity as well as anticipated further changes to the climate and the vegetative community pose a great challenge to such balance between an organism and its environment. This is especially true in the Arabian Desert, where climate conditions are extreme and environmental disturbances substantial. This study combined laboratory and field components to enhance our understanding of dhub (Uromastyx aegyptius) ecophysiology and determine whether habitat protection influences dhub behavior and physiology. Results of this study showed that while body mass and body condition consistently diminished as the active season progressed, they were both greater in protected habitats compared to non-protected habitats, regardless of season. Dhubs surface activity and total body water decreased while evaporative water loss and body temperature increased as the active season progressed and ambient temperature got hotter. Total body water was also significantly affected by habitat protection. Overall, this study revealed that, while habitat protection provided more vegetation, it had little effect on seasonal changes in surface activity. While resource availability in protected areas might allow for larger dhub populations, unprotected areas showed similar body morphometrics, activity, and body temperatures. By developing an understanding of how different coping strategies are linked to particular ecological, morphological, and phylogenetic traits, we will be able to make more accurate predictions regarding the vulnerability of species. By combining previous studies pertaining to conservation of protected species with the results of my study, a number of steps in ecosystem management are recommended to help in the preservation of dhubs in the Kuwaiti desert. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Biology 2017