博士 / 國立陽明大學 / 護理學系 / 103 / Background One of the most common symptoms observed in patients with dementia is agitation, and several non-pharmacological treatments have been used to control this symptom. However, because of limitations in research design, the benefit of non-pharmacological treatments has only been demonstrated in certain cases. The purpose of this study was to compare aroma-acupressure and aromatherapy with respect to their effects on agitation in patients with dementia. Methods In this experimental study, the participants were used multiple stages sampling then randomly assigned to three groups: 56 patients were included in the aroma-acupressure group, 73 patients in the aromatherapy group, and 57 patients in the control group who received daily routine as usual without intervention. The study instruments included CMAI, SSCI, MMSE, CSDD, PDS, vital sign, HRV and actigraphy. CMAI, SSCI, MMSE, CSDD, PDS were used in the pre-test, post-test and post-three-week test. Vital sign was daily checked before and after protocols during the four-week interventions. The HRV was used in the pre-test, the post-test and the post-three-week test as well as every week during the four-week interventions. The actigraphy was continuous used five days per week, in the pre-test, post-test and four-week interventions. Results The CMAI, CSDD and PDS scores were significantly lower in the aroma-acupressure and aromatherapy groups compared with the control group in the post-test and post-three-week assessments. The SSCI scores of aroma-acupressure group were significant lower in the post-test and post-three-week. The MMSE didn’t show any improvement in the three groups. The body temperature, pulse and blood pressure were significant lower in the both groups during four-week interventions. Sympathetic nervous activity of HRV was significantly lower in the fourth week in the aroma-acupressure group and in the second week in the aromatherapy group, whereas parasympathetic nervous activity of HRV increased from the second week to the fourth week in the aroma-acupressure group and in the fourth week in the aromatherapy group. The actigraphy included step and activity. The step was significant lower in the post-test in the aroma-acupressure group, and the activity was significant lower in the third week intervention in the aroma-acupressure group. Conclusions Aroma-acupressure had a greater effect than aromatherapy on agitation in patients with dementia. However, agitation was improved in both of the groups, which allowed the patients with dementia to become more relaxed. Future studies should continue to assess the benefits of aroma-acupressure and aromatherapy for the treatment of agitation in dementia patients.

碩士 / 國防醫學院 / 護理研究所 / 101 / Antenatal stress and depression can affect the health of mothers and fetuses. Previous studies have demonstrated that antenatal stress and depression induced problems, including the risk of pregnancy complications, impaired mother-infant interactions, preterm labor, low infant birth weight, and postpartum depression. Therefore, it is important to give early interventions to relieve pregnant women’s stress during pregnancy. Such interventions can prevent antenatal stress and depression, prompting the psychological well-being of mothers and fetuses. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of aromatherapy with massage to that of routine prenatal care on pregnant women’s antenatal stress and depression, as well as heart rate and blood pressure. In this prospective, experimental, pretest-posttest study, 22 pregnant women (gestational age 12-16 weeks) were enrolled from a medical center in northern Taiwan. Eleven were assigned to a control group and 11 to an experimental group. Pregnant women in the control group received routine prenatal care. Pregnant women in the experimental group also received routine care plus aromatherapy with massage for 30 minutes each month for 3 months. Antenatal stress and depression were measured with the Pregnancy Stress Rating Scale and Edinburgh Depression Scale, respectively, at the start and end of the study. Heart rate and blood pressure were measured before and after the intervention or routine prenatal care. The results showed that the experimental group had significantly lower heart rate than the control group at the first and second measurements (first: B=-3.818, p=0.011; second: B=-4.239, p=0.010). However, the intervention had no significant effect on heart rate at the third measurement. Furthermore, the intervention did not affect antenatal stress and depression or blood pressure. The lack of effect on these outcomes may be due to the small sample size or insufficient aromatherapy with massage. These findings indicate that aromatherapy with massage effectively reduced heart rate of pregnant women for 2 months. We suggest that future studies increase the sample size or aromatherapy with massage once a week. If our preliminary results are confirmed in future studies, midwives and nurses may apply aromatherapy with massage in prenatal education programs.

碩士 / 高苑科技大學 / 經營管理研究所 / 101 / The impact of Aromatherapy cognition and needs on purchasing intention - An example for Kaohsiung Area Abstract Today, with the progress of the times, human beings enjoy the technological civilization, environmental pollution, abuse of synthetic drugs, accompanied by rapid changes of physical and mental pressure and social structure, more and more of the modern physical and mental illnesses. In a busy life, began to think about the natural way to maintain health, away from the disease, improve the quality of life. Aromatherapy in some advanced countries in Europe and the United States has been identified as one of the important items as "natural therapies". The Aromatherapy is nearly ten years practitioners, the medical profession and academia gradually feel the interest in the field, however, to consumer face angle to explore little consumer purchase intention of aromatherapy consumer behavior research. This study investigated consumer cognition and needs of aromatherapy, purchase intention for consumers. In this study, Kaohsiung aromatherapy consumers with cognitive sampling object, using convenience sampling method, a total of 300 valid questionnaires, and empirical through the SPSS 16.0 statistical package. The results show that consumer cognition and needs are interested in a positive impact on purchase intentions. In addition, significant positive difference in individual variables of gender, age, occupation and other consumer purchase intention. By the empirical results, the managerial implications of the use, as a follow-up theory construction and development of practice reference. Keywords: aromatherapy cogniton, aromatherapy needs, purchase intention

碩士 / 中國醫藥大學 / 中醫學系碩士班 / 103

碩士 / 國立臺北科技大學 / 商業自動化與管理研究所 / 96 / The end of the 20th century, the environmental pollution is getting more and more serious, the steps of social changes are accelerated, in the tense and busy life style, working and pressure in life, make people''s physiology and psychological health threatened gradually. People starts to recommend environmental protection, respecting life, keeping in good health, returning to nature emphatically etc., The essential oil products are exactly the best treatment of different class to choose efficaciously to meet moderns to keep in good health with the body and heart. In the past, numerous scholars, professional personage devoted to studying to ancient aromatherapy method and curative effect of treatment '' essential oil '', verify that there is positive result. However, business persons who demonstrate to extend sales in market, do not gain physical benefit from it in fact. This research will make use of the person who sells service trade of essential oil, making up service marketing mix (Product, Price, Promotion, Personnel, Physical Facilities, Process Management) to probe into the products service trade of essential oil integrally to their uses of all sorts of factors that control consumers and consumer behaviors on sales environment as an reference for persons in the business trade. Put in order and gather together whole expert''s interview again with documents in research approach to draw up the questionnaire structure, construct the surface in every main quantity form. It is a service marketing mix of service trade. Distribute questionnaires and take the consumers in essential oil counters of department stores all over the province as target. Sending out 780 questionnaires altogether, the effective questionnaire retrieved counts 553 shares. Study tool make use of multivariate analysis to carry out result to propose the conclusion and suggestion. The main study result to find: Firstly, there are various degrees in construct surface appear the facts to service marketing mix in consumer personal basic data. Secondly, there are various degree of connection in 7PS in service marketing mix between each construct surface. The third, 63.7% essential oil consumers think the industry who sells oil person should pay attention to respectively construct surface of service marketing mix at the same time. Currently, the construction needs to be strengthened most is the price, then, the product (service) quality, and finally is the service personnel.

碩士 / 弘光科技大學 / 化妝品應用研究所 / 107 / The aroma of Rosa damascena in aromatherapy is used as an intervention to improve depression and reduce stress. When the pressure rises, the autonomic nervous system activates, causing the salivary amylase activity (SAA) to increase secretion. This study aims to use biological indicators to evaluate the effect of Rosa damascena essential oil on stress reduction. The participants in this experiment are four members of the three generations of the old, middle and young (including one female and three male), aged between 16 and 81 years old. All participants were given a two-point pressure quantification value before inhalation (pre-test) and using a mask to inhale the intervention essential oil for 5 minutes (post-test). At least random trial once a day, for three consecutive days. Finally, the difference in the physiological quantitative values of the pre-test and the post-test is used to evaluate the effect of the pressure improvement. A total of 26 salivary amylase activity values (13 pairwise comparison values) were collected for this experiment. Physiological indicators showed that the average salivary amylase activity was 39.69klU/L (pre-test) and 24.38 kIU/L(post-test). The mean standard deviation (MSD) between the two groups was 15.31 ± 13.93klU/L and the p value is <0.002. The aroma inhalation method of Rosa damascena essential oil can be used as a reference for the stress release of home health.

碩士 / 嘉南藥理科技大學 / 產業安全衛生與防災研究所 / 100 / Essential oil inhalation is one of the important aromatherapy. Essential oils are always used to dispel fatigue by officer workers. Owing to lack of objective measured data of the effect on dispelling fatigue for essential oil, the reliability of subjective experiment from questionnaire has always been challenged. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect on dispelling mental fatigue for inhaling essential oil by using physiological indices including Electroencephalogram (EEG) and heart rate variability (HRV). The basic and ratio indices of EEG power reflecting the drowsiness and relaxation levels, and the variety of HRV reflecting the condition of mental workload were used to evaluate the effect on dispelling mental fatigue substantially for inhaling different essential oils. Twenty college students aged from twenty to twenty-five years old recruited for subjects participated the experimental test. Before experimental test, the subjects must fill in NASA-TLX self-evaluation inventory and measured their EEGs and heart rate variability (HRV) for five minutes. The subjects undertook their school course about four hours and then inhaled essential oils. The study found that EEG power ratio indices (????/? decreased and ??? increased after inhaling essential oils. It demonstrated that the subjects inhaled essential oils would facilitate their relaxation obviously. The result of heart rate variability showed that low-frequency component LF decreased, high-frequency component HF increased and LH/HF decreased obviously after inhaling essential oils. For NASA-TLX rating scales measurement, the participants subjectively felt more relaxed. It revealed that the subjects had remarkable effect to dispelling mental fatigue after inhaling essential oils. To summarize as mentioned above, our study found that essential oils had obvious effect on dispelling mental fatigue and facilitating relaxation.

碩士 / 南華大學 / 非營利事業管理學系 / 101 / The main purpose of this study is to explore the Chia- yi City Aromatherapy Union, the demographic statistics of the members, service satisfaction, and organization identification in the degree of satisfaction. 　 　　The study was based on questionnaire survey. The population includes all union members. Accepted feedback samples were 256 copies. Using the methods of descriptive statistics, T-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson product-moment, the results were as follows： 　 　　The majority of the union members are females. In the service satisfaction, the most satisfactory item is that the welfare of the members and the unsatisfactory item is the environmental facility of service. In the organization identification, the most satisfactory item is the self grownup and the unsatisfactory item is consistent promise. The research shows that in order to satisfy the need of members, welfare is the most important factor for union members. Self grows up is the important factor for organization identification.

碩士 / 國立臺北科技大學 / 互動媒體設計研究所 / 101 / Warm and quiet life is what we yearn for, especially the busy parents, not only for themselves but for their children as well. Parents often think about how they can provide a natural and effective way for their children to stay healthy and the modern concept of LOHAS (Lifestyle of Health and Sustainability) is becoming increasingly popular. Aromatherapy and aromatic care are not regarded as orthodox medical treatment in Taiwan, but increasingly, the interest and acceptance from the general public is growing. Many people use essential oils to relieve emotional and physical discomfort either by themselves or by visiting special aroma therapy departments. Research is showing that for children, some essential oils shows significant positive effects on soothing their emotions, helping them sleep, concentrate, as well as to ease pain from small wounds. In this research paper, the focus is the appliance of aromatherapy principles for children in the age span of 6 to 12 years old. The research is conducted by analyzing and discussing relevant literature, performing case studies, and by interviewing specialists. This research data was later used together with the theoretical basis for interactive product design planning to develop three interactive aromatic care products for children: "Light of Night & Day ", " Aroma Pets”, and "Mei-Mei". Unlike common aromatic appliances for adults, the sensors in these products were designed by using technologies such as RFID and LDR in order to avoid the risk of children getting burned by candles or boiling utensils accidently. These designs resulted in risk-free, fun and easy to use toys that children can operate by themselves; this enables children to play in a natural and safe way even in busy families where adult supervision is not always possible. As time passed by and the toys were integrated into the children’s normal lives, the chance to observe and analyze how they interact and operate with the toys, provided the opportunity to gather more research data and to finally propose specific conclusions and suggestions in this field of research.

碩士 / 南華大學 / 自然醫學研究所 / 95 / A randomized controlled trial was conducted to assess the change of blood pressure and heart rate variability in subjects listening to Bandari soft music (music therapy group) for 15 minutes or inhaling vapour containing 200 µL of bergamot essential oil (aromatherapy group) for 15 minutes. A total of 114 undergraduate students (14 males and 100 females, average age of 20.3 ±1.5 years) were randomly allocated to four study groups. Participants in the control group were asked to sit still during the experiment. Participants in the three experimental groups were provided with music therapy, aromatherapy, or mixed music therapy with aromatherapy. 　 　　Results from paired t-tests showed that physiological effects including systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and mean heart rate (MHR) were significantly decreased within each of the four groups (p<0.05). The Standard Deviation of Normal to Normal Intervals (SDNN), Total power (TP) and High Frequency power (HF) were significantly increased within all four study groups (p<0.05). The normalized Low Frequency (nLF) and LF/HF ratio were significantly decreased within the three experimental groups while normalized High Frequency (nHF) significantly increased within the three experimental groups (p<0.05). 　 　　Changes between the four study groups were analyzed using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) with Sidak post hoc tests. Results showed that nLF, nHF, and LF/HF ratio were significantly different between the music therapy group and the control group (p<0.01). The blood pressure and measures of heart rate variability were not significantly different between the three experimental groups (p>0.05). Standardized percentage changes were analyzed with analysis of Variance (ANOVA) using Sidak post hoc tests. Significant differences (p<0.01) in nLF, nHF, and LF/HF ratio were found between the control group and the music therapy group. 　 　　In conclusion, sitting still, music therapy, aromatherapy, and mixed music therapy with aromatherapy were found to be effective in reducing blood pressure, heart rate, and promoting SDNN, TP, and nHF. In addition, music therapy, aromatherapy, and mixed music therapy with aromatherapy were found to reduce the sympathetic nervous system activity while elevate the parasympathetic nervous system activity which can lead to a physiological relaxation effect. Results from both ANCOVA and standardized percentage changes showed that music therapy was more effective than the control in leading to a physiological relaxation as indicated by a decrease in the sympathetic nervous system activity and an increase in the parasympathetic nervous system activity. However, no synergistic effect on the autonomic nervous system was observed in the mixed music therapy with aromatherapy group. The findings described in this study can be served as a reference for studies of music therapy and aromatherapy in the future.