碩士 / 國立中興大學 / 運動與健康管理研究所 / 100 / Delayed onset muscle soreness describes muscle pain and tenderness that typically develop several hours post-exercise and consist of predominantly eccentric muscle actions, especially if the exercise is unfamiliar. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of plain carrier oil massage and aromatic massage on delayed onset muscle soreness using a within-subjects cross-over design. Nine healthy young males performed an exercise protocol designed to induce delayed onset muscle soreness on their non-dominant arms on 3 separate occasions; each occasion was separated by at least two weeks. The protocol consisted of 3 sets of 10 maximal eccentric repetitions of the elbow flexors exerting isokinetic dynamometry. Subjects were randomly assigned to a carrier oil massage group, aromatic massage group or control group and received treatments 20 minutes post-exercise, 24 and 48 h post-exercise. Creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), myoglobin (Mb), range of motion (ROM), limb girth and muscle soreness index were measured pre, 20 minutes post, 24, 48 and 72 h post-exercise. Significant time effects were observed for CK, Mb, ROM, limb girth and muscle soreness index (P < .05). There were no significant differences between treatments. Compared with control group, carrier oil massage and aromatic massage are also ineffective in reducing CK, LDH, Mb or muscle soreness index. In addition, no significant effects of carrier oil massage and aromatic massage on recovery of ROM or limb girth were found within 72 hours. Conclusion: both carrier oil massage and aromatic massage have no significant effect on the symptoms of delayed onset muscle soreness.

碩士 / 亞洲大學 / 光電與通訊學系碩士在職專班 / 101 / Aromatherapy is an attractive way for working pressure reduction recently. In this study, we investigate brain activities after aromatherapy. Twenty five volunteers with average age of 42.6 are included in the study Aromatherapy was conducted by spreading bergamot essential oil and pure water for 10 minutes, respectively. Thirty-two channels EEG signal was recorded before and after aromatherapy. Further EEG power intensity was estimated. Student paired t-tests was utilized to compare EEG power variation due to aromatherapy. Alpha-asymmetry between F3 and F4 channels was also investigated. Results indicate that there are significant EEG power differences on at all stages during aromatherapy, especially at the frontal and coping lobes of the brain for beta waves. There is no significant difference on alpha- asymmetry features.

碩士 / 亞洲大學 / 光電與通訊學系碩士在職專班 / 101 / The purpose of this study is to investigate the autonomic regulation by Aromatherapy. Twenty elementary school teachers with average age 42.4 (standard deviation 5.6.) were invited. Subjects are required to use aromatherapy by spraying for nine weeks. During first, fifth and ninth weeks, heart rate signal was recorded and heart rate variability parameters were estimated for analysis. Beck Anxiety Inventory survey was also analyzed. Results showed that there was significant pressure reduction performance for female teachers by aromatherapy. There was also a ceiling effect after 5 week aromatherapy

碩士 / 康寧大學 / 休閒管理研究所 / 100 / 21 century is a information explosion generation. The economic is base on knowledge based. Conservative operating is no longer available in this fast changing society. Therefore, many diseases result from civilization have caused due to high pressure. The operation of traditional salon has no longer fully satisfied customers’ need. In order to solve this problem, new services such as creating a relaxing environment for the customers, use essential oil to release the tense of our sensory nerves and muscles have been provided. Because of the increase of the market share of using aroma and essential oil, most cosmetologists have gradually changed their career path into aroma therapists which is even more professional and skillful. Through the deep discussions and focus group discussions with twelve aroma therapists, we understand the importance of each learning steps, including professional knowledge, skills and attitude. We compiled, analyzed the data and we have a conclusion as following: The professional subjects for cosmetologists who would like to devote their effort and become aroma therapists, professional learning of becoming an aroma therapist and the point of view of current aroma therapist licenses. 一、 Professional subjects for cosmetologists who would like to devote their effort and become aroma therapists: The study of dermatology, the structure of muscles and skeletons and professional cosmetics knowledge is a must. Besides, cosmetologists should also learn how to use the five-elements of ancient Chinese medical theory to explain any delicate difference which appears physically and mentally. Technically, cosmetologists should apply lymph massage, no hand massage and meridians massage methods according to different seasons in order to relax customers’ tensed muscles and ease their aches. Cosmetologists should know this will not be mastered in a short time. Instead, people should devote their time and make progress endlessly in order to meet the standard of being professional. 二、 Professional learning of becoming an aroma therapist: Be aware of the characteristic and effect of different essential oils. Know the synergistic effect and taboos of different oils. Professionals should combine different massage methods, adjust their techniques and their choice of essential oils continually in order to keep making progress in every aspect and enhance confidence. 三、 The point of view of current aroma therapist licenses: The current license is not issued by authority and related units. There has been a lack of credibility among society. Most aroma therapists believe that a license is only a proof of qualification, what is more important than that will be how to apply aroma therapy into practice and daily health care. Key words : Five sense cosmetology, Aroma therapist, Aromatherapy, Essential oil, The growth of professionalism

碩士 / 國立成功大學 / 電機工程學系碩博士班 / 100 / World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that depression will be the number two cause of lost years of healthy life worldwide by the year 2020. Nowadays, people experience more nervous conditions than ever, including physical and mental aspects, and they would bring out pressure which might be accumulated if we do nothing to release it. Some people are used to relaxing themselves by listening to music or watching videos, and some choose aromatherapy to relieve stress. Till now most of the studies use questionnaires to judge the levels of the users’ relaxation condition, but it’s not objective because the result would be affected by the users’ subjectivities and grading strategies. As to estimating relaxation condition through physiology signal, most studies choose Electrocardiography (ECG), but the method of collecting ECG signals wouldn’t be convenient enough and its signal is electrical signal, which would make some users have misgivings of the safety as operating such devices. Even though there are numbers of ways to relax, but few people could measure easily the level of relaxation and the physiology influence that the various ways result in. This study designs a measure and analysis procedure which is easy to operate and the data could be analyzed rapidly. The system is designed to estimate the users’ regulation conditions of autonomic nervous system (ANS) through analyzing the users’ photoplethysmography (PPG) signals instead of ECG. The study also designs a new therapy of virtual relaxation to study whether different relaxation methods could be integrated or not and if the users’ reception would affect the relaxation results. Study result shows that subjects’ relaxation conditions could be estimated by analyzing their photoplethysmography (PPG) signals, and the average correlation coefficient between LF/HF and STAI questionnaire is 0.82, which represents highly positive relationship. The study integrates relative music, odors, and video to construct visual relaxation therapy, and the experiment results shows that subjects’ LF/HF drops 44%, which is higher than 32%, the result by music therapy. The experiment result also shows highly positive relationship between the subjects’ fondness and the result of the relaxation therapy. The correlation coefficient between fondness and short-term stress relaxation is 0.824, and that between fondness and long-term stress relaxation is 0.807. The study provides a new method to obtain subjects’ regulation conditions of ANS, and it not only improves the inconvenience of traditional ECG measurement, but resolves the subjectivity that questionnaires would bring out. We hope that the study would be helpful for future research about relaxation, thereby, people would be able to have their ANS conditions in hand and choose the most suitable method to relax, and finally develop a physically and mentally healthy life.

碩士 / 國立台北護理學院 / 運動保健研究所 / 97 / Nursing is a professional job with high stress. The nursing quality may decrease with the lasting pressure in routines everyday. It is, therefore, necessary to search a way to coping with the job stress. The current study applied the aromatherapy to the nurses in two medical centers in Taipei. There were 76 participants, in which they were equally assigned to the experimental (E) and control (C) groups. The E group was trained and asked to using the aromatherapy involving self-massage for four weeks. The main instrument of the study was the stress questionnaire that has been well developed for the nurses in Taiwan. The data of the four aspects, including personal response, task focus, capability, unable to finish the personal jobs, were analyzed by using the t-test (SPSS 17.0). It was found that the aromatherapy could significantly decrease the stress in the four aspects mentioned above, t(16) = 3.80, p < .05, t(16) = 3.80, p < .05, t(10) = 4.32, p < .05, and t(16) = 2.01, p < .05, respectively. The conclusion was that the aromatherapy could provide the nurses a way to decrease the stress in work.

博士 / 國立臺北大學 / 企業管理學系 / 99 / Past researchers have long understood the importance of servicescape for retailing industry and have examined how a variety of environmental stimulus affects consumer behavior. However, the interaction of holistically environmental stimuli is little known. To fill the holistically theoretical model gap, this paper is to investigate the interactive effects between lighting and background music on emotion, social interaction, and customer satisfaction. This research manipulated lighting (bright and dim) and background music (allegro, moderato, and adagio) in a 2 by 3 repeated factorial design in a field setting. Aromatherapy shop catering to all female customers served as the context of this study. To select proper and adequate participants, two-stage sampling is employed. At the first stage, selected eligible shops from related commercial directory with convenience sampling; then at the second stage, randomly selected participants and randomly assigned them into six treatments. Each participant has gone through six different treatments respectively. The findings show that dim lighting combined with adagio background music enables customers to exhibit a higher level of pleasant and arousal emotion, greater interactive quality, more affiliation evidence, and enhanced customer satisfaction than all the other combination. In the emotion-social interaction-customer satisfaction model, emotion has a positive and direct impact on social interaction and customer satisfaction; social interaction has a positive and direct impact on customer satisfaction. This research also discovers emotion indirectly influences customer satisfaction via social interaction (mediator variable).

碩士 / 弘光科技大學 / 化妝品科技研究所 / 99 / Aim: This study assessed the effectiveness of blended essential oils on menstrual cramps for outpatients with primary dysmenorrhea and explored the analgesic ingredients in the essential oils. Methods: It was a randomized, double-blind clinical trial. Forty-eight outpatients were diagnosed with primary dysmenorrhea by a gynecologist and their 10-point numeric rating scales were more than 5. They were randomly assigned to an essential oil group (n=24) and a synthetic fragrance group (n=24). Essential oils blended with lavender (Lavandula officinalis), clary sage (Salvia sclarea) and marjoram (Origanum majorana) in a 2:1:1 ratio was diluted in unscented cream at 3 % concentration for essential oil group. All outpatients used cream daily to massage their lower abdomen from the end of recent menstruation continuing to the beginning of next menstruation. Results: Both the numeric rating scale and verbal rating scale significantly decreased (p &amp;lt; 0.001) after one menstrual cycle intervention in two groups. Duration of pain was significantly reduced from 2.4 to 1.8 days after aromatherapy intervention in the essential oil group. Conclusions: Aromatic oil massage provides relief for outpatients with primary dysmenorrhea and reduced duration of menstrual pain in the essential oil group. The blended essential oils containing four key analgesic components that amount to as much as 79.29 %; these analgesic constitutes are linalyl acetate, linalool, eucalyptol, and β-caryophyllene. This study suggests that this blended formula can serve as a reference for alternative and complementary medicine on primary dysmenorrhea.

碩士 / 樹德科技大學 / 應用設計研究所 / 99 / Abstract With the development of civilization, people in the modern times are burdened with more and more stress from work and life. Their eagerness to seek stress relief approaches and to go back to nature has brought about the prosperity of the beauty industry. Now, it’s an annually 30 billion NT dollar business in the Taiwan consumption market. Besides, since health care is scheduled to be included in the industrial development project of the Executive Yuan by 2015, the market potential of the beauty and health industry can reach hundreds of billions of NT dollars. The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between different massage methods and stress relief, and to examine the effects of the “Complex Body & Mind Massage Therapy” in stress relief by analyzing the results of the client satisfaction survey on different massage methods. This study employed questionnaire survey as its research method, with questionnaires revised by experts after interviews with them. The study instrument used here was a muscle tension scale. All items in the questionnaire consisted of a 0-10 Likert Scale with 0 indicating no sore feeling at all and 10 indicating maximum muscle soreness. Fifty effective samples from purposive sampling were singled out for statistical analysis, in which the SPSS program was used to evaluate the difference in muscle tension before and after the stress-relief massages. The results of the study show that the clients demonstrated an average index of 7.5 in muscle tension before the massages, which dropped to 2.5 after the massages. As for the analysis of massage methods and client satisfaction, it is found that acupressure with massage gave rise to the most significant client satisfaction, while touching skill hand massage led to less satisfaction. The results of this study show that the “Complex Body & Mind Massage Therapy” created and integrated for this study is an effective and highly satisfactory massage method. Key words: stress-relief massage, muscle tension scale, the Likert Scale

碩士 / 真理大學 / 休閒遊憩事業學系碩士班 / 100 / In spite of the popularization of SPA and aromatherapy, more and more people explore into aromatherapy just to fulfill their interest. As the participation of aromatherapy become popular, worries came along with, people do not have enough knowledge regarding aromatherapy and the quality of the products on the market varies with parsitive and negative ideas, which leads feedback for the people who want to experience the healing and relaxing effect brought by aromatherapy. Aromatherapy participants start from pursuing for leisure and then come being into interest and sees it as a goal as one’s life experience. These features seem to correspond to the serious leisure research of Stebbin. So, this study is conducted by depth interview and survey to discuss whether aromatherapy hase been a serious leisure activity. This study contains three aims. First, to explore the motivation and behavior for aromatherapy participants. Second, finding out the relationship between work and leisure for participating aromatherapy. Third, elucidating the relationship between backgrounds of the participants, participating behavior, properties, and the characteristics of serious leisure, which would like to expand the depth of research of serious leisure and aromatherapy. Qualitative depth interview with semi-structural interview research and quantitative survey research were conducted in this study. Four interviewes had over 6 years of aromatherapy experiences; the interview was done by the semi-structural method as planned, the data analysis was done by narrative analysis method. Survey research was done by purposive sampling, with valid sample of 237 surveys. The result showed that the motivation of aromatherapy and serious leisure started from the pursue of health, the course begins with mental health needs, first experience with aromatherapy, knowing essence oil and basic massage techniques to advanced usage, mixing and corresponds to the improvement with symptoms with essence oil, and then progress to obtaining certifications. The change being a participant from a general user to serious leisure may go through the phases of Professional - Amateur - Public, and this is reflexed on their aromatherapy career process. Aromatherapy participants have six serious leisure characteristics, and the participating background, behavior and properties in aromatherapy have distinctive difference with serious leisure. The results also prevail that we can learn not only cosmetics and health care, but aromatherapy also be listed in the category of serious leisure, providing future serious leisure development and vision ofaromatherapy. Finally, thisstudy suggests the promotion of aromatherapy should start from the point of well-being combined leisure activity with conducting seminars, one or two day tours or DIY lessons to attract more people to participate in aromatherapy. It is highly suggested the future study could extend from the basics of this research into the fields of leisure aromatherapy.