碩士 / 南開科技大學 / 福祉科技與服務管理所 / 99 / The goal of this research is to explore the daily regimen for the elders. We conduct three case experiences of aromatherapy in order to learn the following facts: first, how aromatherapy affects the physical and psychological phenomena and the relationships between aromatherapy and Regimen, second, how aromatherapy affects the quality of life, and finally, the possibility of aromatherapy being a leading method to a healthier body in the future. Eleven teachers aged from 46 to 64 joined the research. We applied qualitative methods and collected data by recording experiences in tables and semi-structured interviews. People who applied three oils, in terms of physical mental functions and quality of life experiences, caught the most of the positive feedback response. This result shows that the relationships between aromatherapy and physical and mental phenomena is considerably positive and worth referencing.

碩士 / 亞洲大學 / 光電與通訊學系碩士班 / 98 / Abstract Aromatherapy is widely used for relaxation. This research is to focus on autonomic nervous system (ANS) variation due to aromatherapy. The subjects were 54 teachers within three elementary schools (asthma, hypertension, hypotension and heart attack disease patients are excluded). Atomization Bergamot oil was used for 10 minutes. Biosignals, such as SYS, DIA, HR, HRV, LF%, HF%, LF/HF were collected before and after aromatherapy with the aid of ANSWatch® monitor. BAI-II (Beck Anxiety Inventory) survey was also used as indicators. Result demonstrates that there were decreasing for SYS, DIA , HR and LF% and LF/HF; while there were increasing for HRV and HF% after using Aromatherapy (p<0.05). Further investigation with groups by position, age and sex variable also showed that there was significant difference with aroma treatment. The only insignificant outcome group was subjects with light anxious degree and substitute teachers. This study is the first article to investigate aromatherapy performance for elementary faculty in Taiwan. The outcome shows that aromatherapy is effective to enhance parasympathetic activation and to reduce blood pressure. Aromatherapy may be good choice for relaxation in high working pressure workers, such as elementary school faculty.

碩士 / 大華技術學院 / 機電研究所 / 99 / Though relatively new to the west, moxibustion and cupping are highly developed medical science in China, which are the important components of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), and a summary of experience of ordinary Chinese people in struggle against disease over thousands of years. Moxibustion therapy is a TCM technique which applies heat produced from ignited moxa or mugwort herb over the skin to stimulate acupuncture points of the body for the prevention or treatment of disease. Cupping therapy is usually performed by introducing heat into a cup or similar object and placing it immediately on the skin. Moxibustion and cupping therapies are used along with acupuncture therapy. These techniques are characterized by their amazingly rapid attainment of the desired results by the heat. Because moxibustion often includes the burning of moxa or mugwort herb, patients who have respiratory problems should avoid the use of smoking moxa or mugwort herb. Cupping therapy has a risk of burning the patient if not carefully executed. In this dissertation, a new electromoxibustion cup is designed. We can place the cup on the skin and gently heat the air in the cup with an electrical heater or a silicone rubber thermofoil heater. An acrylic cup has been used for this purpose, because, one can see the skin within the cup and produce insulated boundary conditions. A numerical analysis is used to study the heat transfer of the electromoxibustion cup. We focused on heat transfer in the electromoxibustion cup, an enclosure heated from the top. The phenomena of natural convection in the enclosure is as varied as the heating temperature ( ), room temperature ( ), and vacuum pressure ( ). The aim of this project is to integrate the functions of moxibustion, aromatherapy, and cupping. The design concept is to combine the TCM with the modernized science and technology. The electromoxibustion cup has the innovative concept of all-in-one and one-for-all, that includes the moxibustion heating with precision temperature control and the cupping therapy. The design idea of this instrument emphasizes in pattern light small, operation simple and use security. If this instrument can be use well, it will provide a great service for human health and play an increasingly important role in the TCM.

碩士 / 南台科技大學 / 機械工程系 / 101 / In this study, we observe the use of aromatherapy oil massage, its effect on the human body Meridian Energy and the autonomic nervous system before and after the effect of impact. Samples obtained from 20 subject (college students) 2 operators, one for lying and the other operator for massaging with essential oil. Subjects in the steady state HRV will rise, the average energy meridians down; while subjects in group A had a decreasing HRV, the average energy meridians. The researcher speculated that the operator’s proficiency to massage affects the subjects. The researcher found oil has been declined, indicating massage and oil massage will make high/low ratio balance. In this study, 20 sample were obtained, According to the experimental results, the average energy meridians before and after are greater than 64μA of evidence and less than 30μA is deficiency; from 30μA to 64μA is normal. After we applied oil massage, the number of deficiency is decreasing. After a week, the deficiency value has been significantly reduced. Long term oil massage can achieve physical health. Operator though massage and oil massage, two operators with average meridians HRV have an upward trend, a downward trend for heartbeat, high/low ratio for a balanced trend, an improved trend for sympathetic and parasympathetic. Continuous of massage and oil massage help to balance the energy meridians, enhance parasympathetic, increasing degree of heart rate variability.

碩士 / 經國管理暨健康學院 / 健康產業管理研究所 / 99 / Abstract The purpose of this study is to understand the present situations of the prevalence of metabolic syndrome, health conception, and health promoting lifestyles of high-tech industry employees, to discuss the correlation among the above three factors, and to explore the influence of Metabolic Syndrome under the implementation of Health Promotion Intervention Program at workplace. The employees of a high technology company in Nei-Hu Science Park, Taipei City were invited to participate; a general survey was conducted, corrected, pretested, and analyzed its Reliability and Items Tests as the empirical research method of the study. Research tools were included (1) Health Conception Scale, (2) Health Promoting Lifestyle Scale, and (3) Health Promotion Intervention Program which included nutrition seminars, aromatherapy stress relief worshop, healthy walking activities, and sports clubs. A total of 1,100 questionnaires were returned, with a 78.5% effective rate of return. The returned questionnaires and the indicators of experimental data, were conducted by descriptive analysis, t test, one-way NOVA, Pearson’s correlation analysis, and regression analysis, etc. The findings of the study were as follows: 1. Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome (1). The total rate of the prevalence of metabolic syndrome for the high-tech industry employees is 8.6%. (2). The sex of employees and their waist measurement, blood pressure, TG, HDL-C, and FG showed significant difference, indicating the men’s value were greater than the women’s one. 2. Health Conception and Health Promoting Lifestyles (1). For the employees’ health conception, adaptation ability had the highest score; well-being and clinical care were the lowest ones. (2). For health promoting lifestyles, self-actualization received the highest score, and health responsibility had the lowest one. (3). To cross-analyze metabolic syndrome and health promoting lifestyles, there were no significant difference, except the nutrition factor, especially the nutrition of non- metabolic syndrome, which scored higher than the rest. 3. Prediction of Health Conception on Health Promoting Lifestyles The items of clinical care, role function, adaptation ability, and well-being in health conception can predict health promoting lifestyles; among them, well-being showed the most powerful (= .502). 4. Prediction of Health Promoting Lifestyles on Metabolic Syndrome The prediction of health promoting lifestyles on metabolic syndrome showed little; In addition to age and gender, health responsibility and relationship support achieved significant difference. 5. Results of Health Promotion Intervention Program (1). 16 subjects were of the experimental group; most of them were male; the ratio of employees’ total participation was 22.86%. (2). Subjects in the experimental group improved their health conception after the implementation of Health Promotion Intervention Program, except well-being which showed significant difference. (3). Subjects in the experimental group improved their health promoting lifestyles after the implementation of Health Promotion Intervention Program, and each item achieved significant difference. (4). The index numbers of metabolic syndrome for the subjects in the experimental group after the implementation of Health Promotion Intervention Program were of being improved effect, except systolic pressure.

碩士 / 國立臺灣大學 / 商學組 / 99 / W&apos;&apos;s on the one hand to share in the department store channel in order to maintain the image of the first and second terms in the U.S. store expansion to get the young and new types of customers, three special shop to help keep the profit to continue operating will, the first two As long as the status of the promotion can maintain, but the third is the most difficult, is the biggest challenge today. Because W is a special shop cosmetics companies&apos;&apos; basic core of their business (about 30% of group turnover), and major competitive brands so different from city to two, three district have special shops there, like a spider web-like distribution, with "a heart honor" the spirit of the service customers in all regions in Taiwan, so the W&apos;&apos;s in addition to consumer behavior, advertising, promotions and other cognitive or channel cut into the research topics to explore, but also at different stages should be set at any time should different service innovation, in order to facilitate the re-activation of the shop to seek special shop operator new life cycle. For example: the special shops in Taiwan&apos;&apos;s various regions of different backgrounds to join the competition can not do three in one brand of Face / Body / Mind E SPA services. In 2011, W&apos;&apos;s and then to serve innovative E Spa re-activation of specialshops. Consider the research and data sources for the purpose, select the "qualitative research" and "assessment research method" to "participant observation"; and further to do, "observer as participant" means to observe the study from 2005 to 2010 in super-charm shop (II) to promote the cause of failure. Found on the stage only to Aromatherapy techniques and products to start inking the reckless operation, ignoring the four dimensions of service innovation to create the effective link utilization of the failure is indeed a pity. This study suggests that the failure to learn from the experience on stage, coupled with the use of Bilderbeek (1998 years) thinking about service innovation: service innovation "new concept", the "new customer interface", "new service delivery system" and "technology options" four dimensions to obtain the phase (2011 to 2015) to promote the E SPA successful re-activation of the shop to build special beauty shop as a regional service center, stable W&apos;&apos;s market share of the overall pathway.

Daugiau kaip 6000 metų žmonija pažįsta stebuklingą natūralių eterinių aliejų poveikį. Praėjusio amžiaus pradžioje vėl buvo susidomėta eteriniais aliejais ir aromaterapija. Bet dar nėra pakankamiai išsamiai ištirtas jų poveikis ir veikimo mechanizmas. Taigi eterinių aliejų poveikio analizė yra tikrai aktuali. Mano pasirinkta tyrimo metodika remiasi plačiai naudojamų levandos ir rozmarino eterinių aliejų bei kognityvinių testų pasirinkimu. Panaudojant regimosios atminties, dėmesio koncentracijos, reakcijos laiko ir budrumo lygio bei emocinio pokyčio testus buvo sudaryta eksperimento schema. Kaip fiziologinis parametras buvo matuojamas kraujospūdis. Tyrimai buvo atliekami su dviem antagonistinio poveikio aliejais (levandos ir rozmarino), o kaip kontrolė buvo naudojamas vanduo. Levandos ir rozmarino eteriniai aliejai statistiškai patikimo poveikio regimosios atminties, dėmesio koncentracijos, budrumo lygio ir reakcijos laiko testams neturi. Taip pat negalima išskirti statistiškai patikimo eterinių aliejų poveikio kraujospūdžiui. / The fascinating powers of the essential oils have been known for more than 6000 years. In the beginning of the last century people discovered aromatherapy and essential oils once again. But the effects and mechanisms of their action are not well known. So the analysis of the essential oils is quite necessary. The methodology I have chosen is based on the use of the most commonly used lavender and rosemary essential oils and cognitive tests. The scheme of the experiment is based on the use of visual memory tests, concentration of attention, response reaction, alertness and emotional change. Blood pressure was monitored as one of the physiological parameters. Two antagonist essential oils were used during the experiment. Water was used for control experiments. Lavender and rosemary essential oils have no statistically proven influence on the performance of visual memory, concentration of attention, response reaction, alertness and emotional change. The result of experiments was unable to demonstrate statistically significant differences between two groups under investigation due to the small number of included events.

Acyclovir is an antiviral drug used in the treatment and prevention of herpes simplex and varicella-zoster viral infections. The major problem in the transdermal delivery of acyclovir is the permeation in sufficient amounts to deeper layers of the skin and into the systemic circulation. Acyclovir is a hydrophilic substance with a low partition coefficient, resulting in poor penetration through the excellent barrier of the skin, the stratum corneum. In an attempt to enhance the transdermal permeability of acyclovir, the aim of this study was to employ terpenes as possible penetration enhancers. Terpenes are constituents of natural essential oils, with widespread medicinal use including in aromatherapy. The terpenes used in this study were 1,8-cineole, limonene, menthol, menthone, and 13- myrcene. Terpenes are not only used as penetration enhancers, but are even more often present in drugs and cosmetics. Limited studies have been done concerning the penetration of terpenes through the skin. Thus, not only the effect of the terpenes on the penetration of acyclovir, but also the penetration of the terpenes themselves were studied. The influence of acyclovir on the penetration of the terpenes was also determined. In vitro permeation experiments were performed on human skin using Franz diffusion cells. The skin was pretreated with a 5 % solution of the terpene in ethanol and left for 30 minutes to enable ethanol evaporation and terpene incorporation into the skin. Saturated aqueous solutions of acyclovir (pH 7.4) were added in the donor compartment before and after skin pre-treatment. The acyclovir concentration retrieved from the receptor compartment of the Franz cells was analyzed by HPLC. The amount of terpene that penetrated were semi-quantitatively determined by GC. Penetration of acyclovir was significantly enhanced by two terpenes, viz. 1,8-cineole and menthol. The extent of enhancement was, however, not large enough to be of clinical use. The enhancement in acyclovir penetration observed upon ethanol pre-treatment alone, or in the presence of limonene, menthone or ~-myrcene, was not significant. Penetration enhancement of acyclovir by the terpenes was in accordance with previous studies, which postulated better enhancement of hydrophilic drugs by hydrophilic terpenes. Large percentages of the terpenes with log P values within the optimum log P range (1 - 3) penetrated, as was found with menthone and menthol. Penetration decreased accordingly as the log P, and thus lipophilicity, increased. Stratum corneum retention is regarded as the most plausible explanation for this phenomenon. In the case of 1,8- cineole, enhancer pooling in the stratum corneum could be a possible reason for its poor penetration. Acyclovir significantly influenced the penetration profiles of some of the terpenes, but no clear explanation could be given. / Thesis (M.Sc. (Pharm.))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2004.

<p> A quantitative, randomized, pretest, posttest study was conducted to assess the effect of aromatherapy on cognitive test anxiety among nursing students. Sophomore nursing students (n = 39) from a private, 4-year college, were randomized into either the control group (n = 18) or the experimental group (n = 21). Each participant completed the Cognitive Test Anxiety Survey (Cassady; 2001, 2004, 2010) twice; once for baseline data, and a second time after the intervention for comparison. Students in the experimental group completed their second exam in a room with diffused aromatherapy, and the control group remained in a classroom without aromatherapy. Descriptive and inferential statistics were computed for this study. There were no significant differences between the control and study group in relation to baseline cognitive anxiety scores (<i>M</i> = 78.17, <i>M</i> = 73.62) respectively. In the control group, there was a 3 point decrease in cognitive test anxiety scores between pretest and posttest. However, there was a significant decrease in cognitive test anxiety scores between the students who received aromatherapy and those who did not (<i>p</i> = 0.10). Age and gender were not moderating variables in this study. This novel discovery suggested that aromatherapy has a positive effect on cognitive test anxiety among nursing students, and warrants further research in nursing education.</p>

<p>Older adults living in long-term care experience high rates of chronic pain. Concerns with pharmacologic management have spurred alternative approaches. This study examined a nurse led complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) intervention, aromatherapy hand massage. In this three group randomized control design, 118 older adult participants with chronic pain living in long-term care facilities received either eight sessions of aromatherapy hand massage, hand massage without aromatherapy or nurse presence visits administered by the nurse investigator. Chronic pain was measured before and after the intervention using the Geriatric Multidimensional Pain and Illness Inventory (GMPI) an instrument with three subscales Pain and Suffering, Life Interference and Emotional Distress and the Iowa Pain Thermometer (IPT) a pain intensity measure. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and repeated measures analysis of variance for mixed design were used to test the hypothesis and answer the research questions. Group membership was found to have a significant effect on the GMPI Pain and Suffering <i>F</i>(2, 110) = 5.807,<i> p</i> = .004, &eta;_p² = .096. In addition, the change in IPT scores differed within groups over time, <i>F</i>(2, 110) = 4.293, <i>p</i> = .016, &eta;_p² = .072. The results indicate aromatherapy hand massage or hand massage without aromatherapy significantly decrease chronic pain intensity compared to nurse presence visits in older adults with chronic pain. This safe, simple, but effective intervention could be taught to caregivers to improve chronic pain management in this population. </p>