Thesis (M.A.)--University of Hong Kong, 1997. / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 122-127). Also available in print.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1947. / Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 2006. / Title from title page screen (viewed on Sept. 13, 2006). Thesis advisor: John Nolt. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

No description available.

No description available.

Gandhi's views on labour

Photovoltaic technologies are likely to become one of the world’s major renewable energy generators in the future provided they are able to meet the increasing world energy demands at a significantly lower generation cost compared to conventional non-renewable energy sources. Photovoltaic systems based on 1st generation mono or poly crystalline silicon wafers have already been commercially successful over the past two decades. As the technology further develops however, it faces fundamental limits to further reduce cost which are primarily due to processing of silicon wafers. Hence, a 2nd generation of “thin film” photovoltaic systems, such as amorphous and poly silicon, CdTe and CIGS, which use cheap materials and inexpensive manufacturing processes with relatively high power conversion efficiency, have been developed. In order to commercialise the 2nd generation technology successfully, the efficiency of the thin film photovoltaic panels needs to increase to compete with the 1st generation silicon photovoltaics. Plasmonic structures provide a route to increase the efficiency of 2nd generation thin film photovoltaic devices. With the unique properties of plasmonic structures, such as ability to guide and trap light at nanometre dimensions, light absorption in the photoactive layer of thin film photovoltaic device can be increased resulting in improved device performance. In this research, plasmonic nanoparticles are utilised as an anti-reflection coating on the front side of the PV, coupling light into the active PV layer, and as scattering centres at the back reflector, increasing the path length of the light through the photoactive layer. The optical and electrical effects of the plasmonic structures are modelled simultaneously using a commercial technology computer aided design (TCAD) simulation package to understand and optimise the plasmonic effects on the performance of the 2nd generation thin film amorphous silicon, and 3rd generation organic, photovoltaic devices. The thesis describes the first ever dedicated optoelectronic model to simultaneously simulate optical and electrical properties of plasmonic thin film photovoltaics devices in collaboration with the TCAD software developer Silvaco Inc. The model demonstrates a maximum 12% relative increase in the power conversion efficiency of plasmon enhanced n-i-p configured amorphous silicon thin film photovoltaic devices. This remarkable increase in the performance is due to the light trapping in the photoactive layer of the thin film amorphous silicon photovoltaic devices, which results in improvements in the both the optical and electrical properties. Experimental work was also carried out to observe the plasmonic effects of the metal nanoparticles on the performance of 3rd generation organic photovoltaic devices which were subsequently modelled using the simulation package. A 4% relative increase in the efficiency was achieved using gold nanoparticles. A plasmonic organic photovoltaic device model and material library for the commercial organic semiconductor P3HT:PCBM, has also been developed and benchmarked experimentally. The model has assisted in the understanding of the effect of the plasmonic gold nanoparticles on the increased performance, as well as degradation effects due to the incorporation of silver nanoparticles.

Hypnosis is associated with profound changes in conscious thought, experience and behaviour and has a long clinical and experimental history. Data on the nature and role of hypnotic induction procedures is still somewhat lacking however, and probably the only thing one can say about them with any conviction is that they enhance suggestibility in some cases. Nevertheless, a review and re-analyses of previous work reveals that the effect of the induction of hypnosis on suggestibility may be substantial, comparable to psychological treatments in general. The work reported here makes a clear distinction between the hypothetical 'hypnotic state' and the phenomena produced by suggestion and aimed to investigate the necessity for the former in producing suggestibility changes and the mechanisms by which both exert their influence. As it had important implications for how non-hypnotic and hypnotic suggestibility were measured in the thesis, Study 1 (n=312) examined the relationship between lateral asymmetry and bodily response to suggestion. Study 2 (n=102) and Study 3 (n=105) explored the notion that absorption and reduced critical thought are instrumental in how inductions effect responses to test-suggestions and suggestions for pain modulation respectively. Study 4 (n=105) investigated the effect on suggestibility of a hypnotic induction and the extent to which the magnitude of this effect is altered by labelling the procedure 'hypnosis'. Study 5 (n=105) examined the influence of compliance to requests on suggestibility and addressed the role of strategy selection in response to suggestions. The findings are important for both clinical and experimental applications and indicate that important determinants of subsequent responses to suggestion are: (i) the definition of the situation as hypnotic which in turn enhances the expectation of benefits (ii) the focussing of attention and the reduction of critical thought and (iii) the facilitation of engaging in goal-directed behaviours through compliance to requests.

No description available.

L'objectif de cette thèse est d'étudier numériquement l'aéroacoustique à faibles nombres de Mach(M inf 0.3) pour un écoulement de couche limite turbulente épaisse affleurant une cavité, sur la base de simulations numériques à grandes échelles (LES). Un profil de vitesse en loi puissance et pour une couche limite d'équilibre ont servi comme conditions en entrée du domaine de calcul. La couche limite d'équilibre, sans et avec gradient de pression adverse, a été résolue par une approche asymptotique basée sur une formulation déficitaire avec un nouveau modèle de longueur de mélange. Ce dernier a été validé pour améliorer les comparaisons avec les expériences et les simulations numériques directes. Des simulations LES ont permis de regarder l'influence de l'épaisseur de la couche limite turbulente amont sur le mode d'oscillation d'une cavité L/D=4. Un accord satisfaisant avec les expériences d'Haigermoser et l'émergence du mode de cisaillement a été obtenu pour la vitesse amont de 5.8m/s. Le mode était de type sillage pour les deux autres cas tests (20et40m/s). Finalement, une simulation 3D a montré que le mode de sillage est un artefact du calcul 2D. En utilisant l'analogie de Lighthill-Curle et les champs de pression in stationnaire issus de la simulation, nous avons déterminé les niveaux de pression sonore dans le champ proche et lointain. Conformément aux expériences d'Haigermoser, une faible directivité vers l'amont est trouvée. Le mode de sillage influence très fortement les niveaux de pression acoustique. / The objective of this thesis is to study numerically the aeroacoustics of low Mach number (M inf 0.3) fow with thick turbulent boundary layer past a cavity based on Large Eddy Simulation (LES). Velocity profiles from power law and equilibrium turbulent boundary layer were imposed as inlet conditions on the computational domain. The equilibrium turbulent boundary layer profles (zero and adverse pressure gradient) have been generated using a symptotic approach with an improved mixing length model. A good agreement is observed between the computed boundary layer profiles and the profiles obtained from experiments and direct numerical simulations. LES results present the infuence of the thickness of the incoming turbulent boundary layers on the mode of oscillation in the shallow cavity of L/D=4. An agreement with the experiments of Haigermoser and the shear mode have been found for the upstream velocity 5.8m/s. Wake mode was observed for the other two test cases at 20 and 40m/s. A 3D cavity simulation is performed to show that the wake mode observed in the 2D calculations is an artifact. The hydrodynamic pressure feld obtained from the 2D simulation is used as an input to the acoustic analogy (Lighthill-Curle's analogy), to compute the acoustic pressure feld at the near and far feld of the cavities. Conforming the experiments of Haigermoser, a weak directivity of sound propagation was observed. Shear mode infuences the sound pressure levels strongly.