An experiment was conducted to separate the effects of anxiety relief conditioning from other variables which may be operative within that paradigm. A review of the literature revealed that no definitive investigations had been conducted, and critiques of these investigations were offered. Also, the distinction between aversion relief and anxiety relief conditioning procedures was detailed.

The purpose of this experiment was to initiate research into the use of operant conditioning of autonomically mediated behavior (OCAM) in the modification of maladaptive behavior. Anxiety was chosen as a target behavior because of its apparent pervasiveness among many different maladaptive behaviors.

Examina la diversidad y estructura genética de dos poblaciones de patos criollos, Cairina moschata, empleando el polimorfismo genético de 18 marcadores microsatélites. Los parámetros utilizados incluyen número de alelos (A), números efectivo de alelos (Ae) y promedio de heterocigosidad (He) de cada población. Los resultados muestran que 11 de los 18 loci de microsatélites son altamente polimórficos: APH07, APH09, APH13, APT004, APT21, APT25, APT29, AY295, CAUD001, CAUD022 y CMO211 (PIC> 0.025). El promedio de A (6.6), Ae (2.23) y He (0.3803) de las dos poblaciones de patos es moderado a bajo, lo que indica que el polimorfismo genético y la diversidad genética son moderados. La prueba de Hardy-Weinberg demuestra que las dos poblaciones en este estudio se encuentran en desequilibrio H-W. El resultado del análisis de estadísticos F y R muestra valores de 0.115 y 0.011, lo que indica la estructuración genética baja a moderada. La tasa de endogamia (FIS) dio resultados significativos, lo que demuestra la carencia de buenos programas de manejo de la especie. Los datos indican que el 60% de los loci microsatélites evaluados son eficaces para el análisis de la diversidad genética en poblaciones de patos criollos de la región norte del Perú. / Tesis

The comparability of PPVT and PPVT-R scores among retarded adults were examined. The sample consisted of 96 clients, who had been previously diagnosed as mildly, moderately, or severely retarded. The PPVT (Form A) and PPVT-R (Form L) were administered to all participants in counter balanced order. Significant correlations were found between the two tests for the total sample as well as for females and males. Additionally, the PPVT-R was found to be capable of discriminating differing levels or retardation. However, with the exception of the severely retarded group, mean PPVT-R Standard Score Equivalent (SSE) scores tended to be approximately 20 points lower than PPVT IQ scores. Some clinical implications of these results were discussed.

L’objectif du projet est de comprendre l’effet du peptide vecteur (R/W)9 sur les cellules tumorales EF, modèles du sarcome d’Ewing. En effet, ce peptide a la capacité de remodeler le cytosquelette d’actine dans ces cellules, ainsi que de réduire leur motilité et leur aptitude à croître en indépendance d’ancrage (Delaroche D. JBC 2010).La première étape de ce travail a été la caractérisation in vitro de l’interaction directe avec l’actine par cross-linking chimique et spectrométrie de masse (Clavier S. EuProt 2014). Ensuite, pour avancer dans la compréhension de l’effet du peptide (R/W)9, deux approches ont été développées.La première approche, basée sur du photocross-linking in cellulo ou in lysat, vise à identifier des partenaires intracellulaires du peptide vecteur. Pour cela, nous avons mis au point et validé biologiquement une version photoactivable du peptide (R/W)9. Puis, avant de passer sur cellules entières, nous nous sommes assurés de la faisabilité de la réaction de photocross-linking in vitro sur un système d’interaction modèle que nous avons également utilisé pour développer un logiciel capable d’interpréter les spectres MS/MS d’espèces photocross-linkées (Xlink-Identifier, Collaboration Dr Du X). Des expériences de purification d’affinité ont également été menées en immobilisant le peptide (R/W)9 sur des billes de streptavidine ensuite mises en présence de lysat cellulaire. Les protéines capturées ont été identifiées par spectrométrie de masse haut-débit. La seconde approche est de la protéomique différentielle avec un marquage SILAC et a pour objectif de mettre en évidence l’influence du peptide vecteur sur l’expression des protéines. / The aim of the project is to understand the effect of (R/W)9 cell penetrating peptide (CPP) on EF tumoral cells, an Ewing sarcoma model cell line. Actually, this peptide is able to remodel the actin cytoskeleton of these cells, to decrease their motility as well as their ability to grow without anchorage (Delaroche D. JBC 2010).The first step of this work was to characterize the in vitro interaction with actin using chemical cross-linking and mass spectrometry (Clavier S. Euprot 2014). Then, in order to get a deeper understanding of (R/W)9 peptide effect, two approaches were developed. The goal of the first approach based on in cellulo or in lysate photocross-linking is to identify (R/W)9 CPP’s partners. To do this, we designed and biologically validated a photoactivable version of (R/W)9 peptide. Then, before starting to work with living cells, we checked the feasibility of in vitro photocross-linking on a model interacting system that we also used to develop a software able to interpret MS/MS spectra of photocross-linked species. (Xlink-Identifier, Collaboration with Dr. X. Du.). Affinity purification experiments were also performed by incubating streptavidin magnetic beads bearing (R/W)9 peptide with cell lysates. Captured proteins were identified using high-throughput mass spectrometry. The second approach is differential proteomic with SILAC labelling and aims at assessing the influence of (R/W)9 CPP on proteins expression.

Les Peptide Nucleic Acids (PNA) sont des oligonucléotides antisens analogues de l’ADN, dont le squelette phosphodiester a été remplacé par un squelette pseudo-peptidique d’unités 2-aminoéthylglycine, sur lequel sont greffées des bases azotées. Des PNA dirigés contre les ARN messagers peuvent inhiber la traduction in vitro et dans les cellules humaines. Lorsqu’ils sont dirigés contre la partie codante du transcrit, des PNA polypyrimidiques peuvent bloquer physiquement l’élongation de la traduction en stoppant la machinerie ribosomale. Le transcrit n’est pas dégradé et une protéine tronquée est générée in vitro. Dans le cas de protéines dont la surexpression conduit à des pathologies, des protéines tronquées inactives peuvent jouer un rôle de dominant négatif dans les cellules. Des protéines tronquées de l’Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF1R), récepteur cellulaire surexprimé dans de nombreux cancers, inhibent la tumorigénèse et la résistance à l’apoptose de cellules cancéreuses. La pénétration cellulaire des PNA est la principale limite à leur utilisation in vivo et il est nécessaire de développer des transporteurs efficaces pour ces oligonucléotides neutres. Les Cell Penetrating Peptides (CPP) sont des peptides naturels ou synthétiques, qui peuvent être conjugués à différentes molécules pour promouvoir leur internalisation cellulaire. Les objectifs de ce travail de thèse étaient de comprendre les critères requis pour l’arrêt de l’élongation de la traduction par les PNA et d’étudier leur internalisation cellulaire médiée par le CPP (R/W)9. Nous avons montré qu’un couplage covalent entre ce peptide et deux PNA 13-mer permet l’internalisation des conjugués dans un système cellulaire rapporteur, conduisant à leur activité biologique en présence d’un agent lysosomotropique. Les conjugués interagissent avec les glycosaminoglycanes membranaires et sont internalisés par endocytose en moins d’une heure. De plus, les conjugués formés avec un peptide analogue comportant des lysines sont six fois moins internalisés, mettant en évidence l’importance des résidus arginines du peptide (R/W)9 pour l’interaction avec la membrane. Enfin, nous avons montré que le peptide (R/W)9 couplé à un PNA dirigé contre la séquence codante de l’IGF1R permet son internalisation dans les cellules de cancer de la prostate et que le conjugué inhibe spécifiquement l’expression de la chaîne β du récepteur. / Peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) are nucleic acid analogues in which the sugar-phosphate backbone has been replaced by a synthetic peptide backbone, usually comprised of N-(2-aminoethyl)-glycan units. PNAs targeted against mRNA can inhibit translation both in vitro and in human cells. Pyrimidine rich PNAs can physically block translation elongation at targets in the coding region of messenger RNA, giving rise to a truncated protein. Truncated proteins that lack a functional domain and can at the same time inhibit the function of the wild type protein are referred to as dominant negative. Truncated form of Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 receptor (IGF1R), protein overexpressed in numerous cancers, inhibits tumorigenesis and resistance to apoptosis of cancerous cells. One of the biggest limitations to the use of PNAs in vivo is their poor internalization. It is therefore necessary to develop efficient transporters able to enhance the cellular uptake of PNAs. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are natural or synthetic peptides that can be conjugated to different molecules in order to facilitate their cellular uptake. The objectives of this thesis were to understand the conditions required for the translation elongation arrest by PNAs and to study their cellular internalization mediated by CPP (R/W)9. We have shown that covalent coupling of two 13-mer PNAs to (R/W)9 facilitates their internalization in a reporter cell line, leading to their biological activity in the presence of a lysosomotropic agent such as chloroquine. The conjugates interact with membrane glycosaminoglycans and are internalized by endocytosis in less than one hour. Moreover, conjugates formed with an analogue peptide containing lysines in the place of arginines of (R/W)9 showed to be six time less efficiently internalized, suggesting the importance of arginine residues for the interaction of the conjugate with the membrane. We have also showed that the PNA targeted to the coding region of IGF1R coupled to (R/W)9 is efficiently internalized to prostate cancer cells where it inhibits the expression of the beta chain of the receptor.

Thesis (doctoral)--Viadrina, 1905. / Vita. Filmed with: Walter, K. / Emendationum in Sophoclis fabulas specimen -- Wandinger, C. / Pomponiana Graecina : Tac. Ann. XIII. 32 -- Walther, G.H. / Observationum in C. Cornelii Taciti opera conscriptarum specimen alterum -- Warren, M. / On the enclitic ne in early Latin -- Wasmansdorff, E. / Luciani scripta ea, quae ad Menippum spectant, inter se comparantur et diiudicantur -- Zellmer, W. / De lege Plautia quae fuit de vi -- Zijnen, F.B.J.S. / Specimen historico-philosophum, quo Plutarchi de nonnullis Chrysippi placitis judicium examinatur -- Waldfogl, C. / Ueber den Platonischen Dialog der Sophist oder vom Sein -- Waller, W. / Excursus criticus in P. Papinii Statii Silvas -- Wallinder, J. / De statu plebejorum Romanorum ante primam in montem sacrum secessionem quaestiones -- Wallrafen, W. / Einrichtung und kommunale Entwicklung der rm̲ischen Provinz Lusitanien -- Walther, E. / De dativi instrumentalis usu Homerico -- Walther, F. / Studien zu Tacitus und Curtius -- Werner, J. / Quaestiones Babrianae -- Wernicke, J.C. / De Pausaniae Periegetae studiis Herodoteis -- Wessig, H. / De aetate et auctore Philopatridis dialogi -- Wetzell, C. / De usu verbi substantivi Tacitino -- Werder, C.F. / De Platonis Parmenide -- Stamer, A. / Engkuklios paideia in dem Urteil der griechischen Philosophenschulen -- Sexauer, H. / Sprachgebrauch des Romanschriftstellers Achilles Tatius -- Stamkart, J.A. / Specimen litterarium inaugurale exhibens commentarium in Plauti Mostellarium -- Seibel, M. / Klage um Hektor im letzten Buche der Ilias -- Siegismund, A.J. / Quaestionum de metathesi Graeca particula I -- Tanzmann, J.J. / De C. Plinii Caecilii Secundi vita ingenio moribus quaestio -- Teetz, F. / Beitrg̃e zur Rhythmopoiie des Sophokles ... -- Siemering, F.O. / Quaestionum Lucretianarum particula I et II -- Thedinga, F. / De Numenio philosopho Platonico -- Theissen, W. / De Sallustii, Livii, Taciti digressionibus -- Schemann, L. / De legionum per alterum bellum Punicum historia quae investigari posse videantur -- Natorp, P. / Quos auctores in ultimis Belli Peloponnesiaci annis describendis secuti sint Diodorus Plutarchus Cornelius Iustinus -- Olsen, W. / Quaestionum Plautinarum de verbo substantivo specimen -- Partsch, J.F.M. / Darstellung Europa's in dem geographischen Werke des Agrippa. Includes bibliographical references.

CIVINS / This project is concerned with evaluation of the merits of competing technological concepts and managing the R&D investments needed to bring them to fruition. A weakness of the current R&D process is that arguments regarding who should receive funding come from a concept's proponents, who are usually interested and biased. More objective evaluation methods are needed. As part of this work it is important to understand better how qualified experts evaluate technological concepts. Can a probabilistically formulated method of integrating knowledge of various performance attributes provide better understanding of the likely performance of a technological concept? This is the question of interest. / CIVINS

An experiment was performed to measure the scattering of underwater sound from a porous solid for the first time. Two porous solid spheres somposed of heat-epoxied glass beads of 100 and 500 micron mean bead diameter were used. The permeability, porosity, and shear modulus of each sample were estimated from measurements made on cylindrical samples which had been manufactured at the same time and of the same glass beads as the spheres. These material poperties were used as input to a theoretical model for the sound scattered from a poro-elastic sphere imbedded in a poro-elastic host developed by Kargl and Lim. The experimental data were compared to the theoretical calculations. Theoretical calculations with 0%, 3%, and 10% skeletal fram damping were compared to experimental data. Very good agreement between measured and predicted scattering was obtained for each sample over certain frequency ranges, taking 10% fram damping in the calculations. For other frequency ranges the agreement was less than good. No systematic trend in the agreement could be discerned with regard to prous grain size or sound frequency

Th.--Méd.--Paris, 1837. / Voyez tome 2, page, N ° 60. Paris, 1837.