A study was conducted to describe and interpret the personal strategies that South African Police Service officers in the Vhembe District, Limpopo Province, use in their line of work. These are strategies to deal with the impact of the primary victims’ critical incidents of rape, domestic violence, murder and road accidents. The focus was on describing the impact of the critical incidents that the officers are exposed to, which manifest in a form of traumatic stress, namely, vicarious traumatisation, and management of this impact. Twenty participants were selected through purposive and theoretical sampling techniques from the family violence, child protection and sexual offences, domestic violence, field training, detective and social crime prevention units. Unstructured open-ended interviews, diaries and follow-up telephone interviews were used as data collection methods and data were collected in the participants’ home languages, Tshivenda and Xitsonga. Data gathered necessitated looking into both the aspects of the officers’ organisational and operational work. Data were thus analysed through the content thematic and constant comparative data analysis methods. The results first presented a profile of police vicarious traumatisation in the Vhembe District, which include the types of critical incidents exposed to, the organisational and operational stressors that lead to vicarious traumatisation, and the description of vicarious traumatisation symptoms. Second, a theoretical framework of the process of police critical incidents impact management (PCIIM) was developed. The framework shows that the management of the impact of the encountered incidents is inspired by various coping needs and subcultures of the officers, and the management takes place through the use of two styles of trauma management, namely, the linear and multilateral styles, which refer to application of coping strategies successively and the combination of horizontal and vertical application of coping strategies, respectively. The coping strategies used by the officers help them to have an objective understanding of the critical incidents encountered, have less severe symptoms of vicarious traumatisation, some symptoms last for shorter periods than before, and other symptoms are no longer experienced. Resilience to the encountered incidents is shown through the development of coping strategies to handle the incidents, facing them, and showing cognitive hardiness. The officers also manage to reflect on the experiences encountered, engage in narratives about them and mutual help thus still working towards attaining posttraumatic growth. / Psychology / D. Litt. et Phil. (Psychology)

Embedded in the transatlantic history of rock ‘n’ roll, punk rock has not only been regarded as a watershed moment in terms of music, aesthetics and music-related cultural practices, it has also been perceived as a subversive white cultural phenomenon. A Blacker and Browner Shade of Pale challenges this widespread and shortsighted assumption. People of color, particularly black Americans and Britons, and Latina/os have pro-actively contributed to punk’s evolution and shaped punk music culture in the United States and England. Examining why people of color are not linked to the punk rock genre and culture in normative discourse, this paper first scrutinizes the continuously unaddressed racialization of Anglo-American popular music itself and explores how the historical development and discursive construction of racial boundaries impacted the historiography of Anglo-American popular music. Building on these premises, the second central field of inquiry probes how the music press, aided and abetted by academic texts, constructs punk as a white music mono-culture that such discourse historicizes, analyzes, and maintains. Both popular (journalistic) and academic publications have largely ignored or underrepresented the presence of people of color, especially black (American) as well as Latina/o participants, in punk rock culture. The thesis’ third major focus imagines punk as a fluid social and musical convergence culture that continuously crosses unstable boundaries of genres, races, and genders. A Blacker and Browner Shade of Pale thus indicates an emerging awareness of how popular and academic discourse can become more sensitive to punk's multiracial, inclusive, and participatory mores.

Diplomová práce zkoumá roli žen v historii českého punku. V úvodní části práce je popsána historie a vývoj punku ve světě. V této části jsou vysvětleny významy pojmu punk jako subkultura (v terminologii pozdějších výzkumů scéna) a punk jako hudební žánr. Popsána jsou specifika ženské punkové módy a stylu. Jsou uvedeny role, ve kterých se ženy v punkové scéně realizují a typické ženské role v hudebních skupinách. Součástí teoretické části práce je stručný popis historie punku na území České republiky a zapojení žen v české punkové scéně. Jako jeden z hlavních zdrojů při vypracování diplomové práce byly využity rozhovory vedené metodou odvozenou od metodologie orální historie. Dílčím cílem práce bylo ověření použitelnosti analytického programu Atlas.ti pro analýzu orálně-historických interview. Tento software byl využit pro analýzu výzkumných rozhovorů. Druhá polovina práce se zabývá interpretací témat obsažených v rozhovorech. Věnuje se specifickým oblastem života v souvislosti s punkovou subkulturou jako jsou důvody, které přivedly ženy k punku, role přátel a vztahů, setkání punkového myšlení s autoritou v podobě rodičů a školy. Dále se práce zabývá transformací punkových názorů v dospělosti ve vztahu k zaměstnání a vlastní rodině. Poslední část interpretace se věnuje ženským rolím, které byly v...