International migration is an important issue that has become even more important with the recent globalization process and economic restructuring. Economic activities that stem from this process have provided new opportunities for labor exporting countries. In the past, the focus was on remittances but today the entrepreneurial activities of transnational entrepreneurs have become more important. Many developing countries have recently concentrated their policies upon this group of entrepreneurs and they try to increase the economic benefits from their activities. Turkey is also one of the major labor exporting countries. New economic opportunities that concern the activities of transnational entrepreneurs have emerged for Turkey recently. These entrepreneurs are very important especially at the regional level. In &Ccedil / orum, several transnational entrepreneurs founded their firms. They contribute to employment, exports and income considerably. These entrepreneurs succeed by making use of their social capital and network. They also create positive externalities by encouraging other local entrepreneurs to export. Our findings show that these entrepreneurs need consulting and information / therefore, the state should get involved in this process more actively. Only then can one expect greater benefits from the ongoing process.

This study aims to develop a method to investigate the relationship between settlement locations and the morphological landforms using geographical information systems (GIS). The method is applied to &Ccedil / ankiri province, a mountainous terrain, which is covered in seventy-seven sheets of topographic maps at 1:25.000 scale. Three databases are created and used in this study: 1) Settlement database comprising various topographic and landform attributes of 891 settlements, 2) Morphological landform database composed of 4042 landform polygon elements digitized from 1:25.000 topographic maps, and 3) Topographic database containing the digital elevation model of the area and its derivatives. The first step in the algorithm is to classify the area into four main landform classes, namely, valley, slope, flood and top. Unsuitable landforms are then clipped out based on the thresholds derived from three topographic properties (elevation, slope and aspect). Accordingly, about 2 % of the settlements and 12 % of the area are removed. The relationship is investigated using the percentages of remaining settlements and landform classes. Further analyses such as position of the settlement within the landform polygon and type of the nearest landforms are carried out for final interpretation. Following conclusions are reached on the relationship between settlement location and morphological landforms: - Percentages of settlements for flood, valley, slope and top are 8.37, 27.52, 58.60 and 5.50, respectively. Considering the percentages of the landforms provided in the area, however, valley is the most preferred landform followed by flood type. Slope and top landforms are less preferred. About 86 % of the settlements are concentrated along valley-slope boundary. - Morphological boundaries of flood and top landforms are consistent with the settlement zones. The valley-slope boundary, on the other hand, which is the most populated area, cross-cut the settlements zones.

Thermotherapy using natural thermal mud has played a crucial role for human health care since ancient times. However, recently the SPA and Wellness Centers have come into prominence with the exhaustion of primary reserves of natural thermal mud. In these centers, instead of natural thermal mud, peloids prepared using clay and/or clay minerals with thermal or mineral water through maturation process that changes the physicochemical properties of the clay and/or clay minerals. Turkey has several clay reserves / however, the investigation about their suitability for the pelotherapic applications is not adequate. The aim of this study is to investigate the mineralogical, chemical, and physicochemical properties of the 13 different samples collected from K&uuml / &ccedil / &uuml / khacibey, Hancili, and Kazbekir localities in &Ccedil / ankiri and Kizil&ouml / ren, Karadirek, and H&uuml / dai localities in Afyonkarahisar in order to evaluate their suitability for pelotherapic applications. The results of mineralogical, chemical, and physicochemical analyses including cation exchange capacity, swelling index, plastic index, water loss, specific surface area, grain size and cooling rate properties were compared with the results in the previous studies. For maturation process distilled water and two different commercial mineral water with different chemical compositions were used. At the end of the four week long maturation, the peloids are evaluated in the sense of consistency, ease of handling and pleasant sensation during application. Evaluation of analyses results showed that clay deposits in Hancili and K&uuml / &ccedil / &uuml / khacibey localities in &Ccedil / ankiri can be considered being suitable for pelotherapic applications. On the other hand, clay deposits in Kazbekir locality in &Ccedil / ankiri and in all three localities in Afyonkarahisar cannot be considered being suitable for pelotherapic purposes.

The &Ccedil / ukurova Region (Cilicia) is an alluvial plain enriched by the rivers of Seyhan and Ceyhan, surrounded by the Taurus mountain range in the North and West and the Amanos Mountains in the east / and stretching from the skirts of the Bolkar-Aladag massif to Mediterranean Sea at its southern most extension. The region is thus an inaccessible marginal zone except only reachable through several mountains passes from the Anatolian Plateau or from the sea through the harbour towns. The research subject of this thesis is to evaluate the region and the changes in the settlement pattern, covering the time period from the Middle Bronze Age (ca. 1900-1650 B.C.) to the end of Late Bronze Age (ca. 1200 B.C.) by using Geographical Information Systems (GIS) to analyse archaeological survey data. Data sets are collected from old and recent archaeological surveys and spatially analysed under a set of parameters (density and proximity) in order to define the habitation patterns throughout the mentioned time periods. An effort was made to challenge the theory that settlement pattern changes were resulted from the impact of the Imperial Hittite policy in the LBA, and some alternative suggestions are presented.

The aim of this study is to construct a numerical reservoir model for Bal&ccedil / ova geothermal field, which is located in the izmir bay area of the Aegean coast. A commercial numerical simulation program, TOUGH2 was utilized with a graphical interface, PETRASIM to model the Bal&ccedil / ova geothermal field. Natural state modeling of the field was carried out based on the conceptual model of the field, then history matching of production &ndash / injection practices of the field was established for the period of 1996 &ndash / 2008. The final stage of modeling was the future performance prediction of the field by using three different Scenarios. In Scenario-1, production and injection rates in year 2008 were repeated for 20 years. In Scenario-2, production and injection rates in year 2008 were repeated for the first 3 years, then they were increased at every 3 years. In Scenario-3, a new well (BT-1) that is assumed to be drilled to 1000 m depth is added for injecting some portion of water that was injected through BD-8 well. In that scenario, similar to Scenario-2, production and injection rates in year 2008 were repeated during the first 3 years, and then the rates of these wells (except the new well) were increased every three years. Analysis of the results indicated that in Scenario-2, compared to Scenario-1, both the temperatures of deep wells located at the eastern portion of the field (BD-6, BD-2, BD-14, BD-9, BD-11, BD-12) and the temperatures of deep wells located at the western portion (BD-4, BD-15, BD-7, BD-5) decreased more. In Scenario-3, compared to Scenario-1, the deep wells located at the eastern side experienced less temperature drops while the deep wells located at the western side experienced higher temperature drops. Such temperature differences were not encountered in shallow wells. No significant changes in bottom hole pressures of deep wells occurred in all three scenarios. On the other hand, shallow wells, especially B-10 and B-5, responded to Scenario-2 and Scenario-3 as decrease in bottom hole pressures.

This study examines the history and ethnic identity of Turks living in Bor&ccedil / ali (Kvemo-Kartli) region of Georgia. It focuses on the mechanisms that led to the formation and strengthening of their ethnic identity and the impact of the shifts in political borders on ethnic identification. Characteristics of the region and the people are provided and socio-political developments are analyzed with an historical perspective. Different dimensions of the concepts of ethnicity and ethnic identity are discussed with an interdisciplinary approach.

In this study, it is aimed to explore Akyaka&rsquo / s self-generated practice and its route of progress with the definitions of place. As the ignorance of Akyaka -as an unconventional body characterized with Nail &Ccedil / akirhan&rsquo / s Aga Khan Award winner traditional type of house in 1983- by the conventional architectural discourse prevents learning from it. Therefore, the research will focus on Akyaka&rsquo / s distinctive story which is taking its references from a place and producing the place of its own, out of the boundaries of the profession. Akyaka will be researched in the framework of several different aspects in relation to protection of coastal region, architectural representation, Aga Khan Award for Architecture, Turkish Architecture&rsquo / s identity quests, tourism&rsquo / s agendas, continuity of tradition and its controversy with modern, locality&rsquo / s sustainability, and pastiche in architecture. The town will be listened to in terms of its geographical, socio-cultural and architectural/architectonic bases. In this context, if this unrecognized formation has something to say after 25 years will be studied introducing the place phenomenon reproduced by the settlement as a field of discussion.

This thesis is meant to describe and analyze approach of international organizations in relation to education, development and empowerment as well as their role at the intersection of these three concepts. In its attempt to understand the nature of international involvement in education with a development discourse and particularly to see the effects of this involvement on the target groups of the projects and programs, the thesis explores Multi-Purpose Community Centers (&Ccedil / ATOMs) in Turkey&rsquo / s southeast. The thesis identifies, on the one hand, that the &Ccedil / ATOM project supports the analyses in the literature regarding the role of international organizations in the institutionalization of the idea of &lsquo / education for development&rsquo / and in the standardization and dissemination of their own discourses about this idea. On the other hand, the current work proposes that &Ccedil / ATOMs as a project supported by international organizations have produced rather limited but meaningful outcomes in terms of its economic effects on the participants / however, more importantly, it has also created qualitative changes on the daily life of the beneficiaries, which may contribute to social transformation of the region in the long term.

This thesis will examine Ali Bula&ccedil / &rsquo / s distinctive ideas and approach to modernity and democracy as two significant aspects of the Western Question within the framework of Muslim-West relations, with the aim of judging his contribution to the Western Question of Muslim. The West and Muslim world have been in contact with each other since the appearance of Islam on the global scene. The nature of this contact has changed throughout this 1400 year long interaction as peace or conflict reigned. In the past two centuries, the dominance of the West over the Muslim world increased dramatically. Consequently, the West transformed into a subtle question for the Muslims. The Western Question has become more complex as Western influence over the Muslim world increased with colonization, modernization and democratization policies pursued by the West. Conflicts have prevailed in Muslim-West relations in the past two centuries. Muslims have not remained indifferent to the rising dominance of the West in their society. They began to seek an appropriate response to the Western Question / but failed to devise a common one thus far, and proposed many different alternative solutions, including the one elaborated in this thesis, to deal with the Western Question.

In Turkey while the production of urban space is based on individual plots in the nner areas of the city, urban peripheral areas face development based on the cale of urban block or neighbourhood. Although such a development pattern carries potentials to produce qualified urban forms, it is mainly characterized with its fragmented structure and lack of public spaces. Thus, aim of the thesis is to explain the deficiencies and potentials of design control practice in Turkey, specifically in peripheral areas. Evaluating the contemporary approaches in design control, the thesis provides a theoretical framework that elaborates the procedural and substantive dimensions of design control. It is proposed that the interrelation between the dimensions of design control cannot be conceived without considering the ways of control on private property. Therefore, the peculiar characteristics of Turkish design control -which is mainly derived from property relations- is evaluated within the framework provided in the theoretical part through a procedural and morphological analysis of &Ccedil / ayyolu area. It is argued that design control in Turkey, focusing on quantitative dimensions of urban form, disregards qualitative aspects that necessitate the consideration of elements of urban form and their morphological characteristics. Finally, it is claimed that urban design problem in Turkey cannot be reduced simply to the domination of private interests in planning process but it is actually a matter of planning understanding which suffers from its poor insight on the idea of design. In this respect, a reconstruction of planning mechanism around the focus of &ldquo / design control&rdquo / is a necessity for an effective public control on private property.