This thesis explores Heidegger&#039 / s H&ouml / lderlin interpretations to exhibit Heidegger&#039 / s thoughts on history as a destiny of a people. The feast as the occasion of the encounter of gods and men will be set as the the inception of the history and the time of the balanced destiny. The course of history will be explained as a result of compliance and accordance with destiny, other than being an output of cause-effect chain.

This thesis is on the estimation models for the daily global solar irradiation on a horizontal surface at the surface of the Earth. New approaches are developed and applied to 15 locations of Turkey and Germany. The main idea in developing the new models is to link the surface data to satellite imagery. Totally three new modeling approaches are developed and tested. Surface data of daily bright sunshine hours (s) and cloud index (n) values derived from satellite images are the main input parameters. In the first approach, monthly coefficients of Angstr&ouml / m linear relation between daily solar irradiation and daily bright sunshine hours are used to replace the clear sky irradiance calculations of HELIOSAT model. In the second approach new correlations are obtained between daily bright sunshine hours (s) and cloud index (n). Last model that is developed uses a new correlation expression between daily solar irradiation and daily data of s and n and this expression is derived using a physical consideration. The performances of the proposed models are tested against conventional methods (mainly, satellite-based HELIOSAT and ground-based linear Angstr&ouml / m-Prescott type). The results show that the use of sunshine duration together with the cloud index is quite satisfactory in the estimations of daily global solar irradiation. The accuracy of estimations of the combined models is considerably higher than the conventional approaches. Therefore, we propose to use the new approaches to estimate daily global irradiation whenever the data of bright sunshine hours is available for the location of interest or a nearby station. In addition, for a point on the earth surface, depending on the data in hand, suitable and most accurate models of estimations are proposed for that point.

In this study, the Turkish left in the 1960s is discussed in the light of the term peculiarism. This is done on the basis of three groups of the Turkish left in the period, namely the Y&ouml / n journal, the MDD group and the TiP with specific reference to Mehmet Ali Aybar. The main premises of the term peculiarism are considered to be nationalism, Kemalism, developmentalism or non-capitalist path of development, the idea of a &ldquo / popular national front&rdquo / and anti-imperialism. Accordingly, each group is discussed on the basis of the above told concepts.

Some cultures have customs against women. The sati tradition in India is one of them. According to sati, if the husband dies the woman is set on fire with his corpse. These women are believed to become immortal saints. A woman who dies burning herself on her husband&rsquo / s funeral fire is considered virtuous, and are believed to go to Heaven. Another tradition is &ldquo / female circumcision.&rdquo / It is performed in African countries. People believing in the necessity of this custom circumcise women by cutting their clitoris. Circumcised women cannot have sexually pleasure. These women are there to satisfy men&rsquo / s desires and give birth to babies. The third tradition is the general name of which is t&ouml / re is performed in the eastern parts of Turkey. According to t&ouml / re, women are put on trial by their families and killed if they have any sexual relationships without marriage bond. In other words, even if a woman is raped, she is found guilty because of having a sexual relationship. In this thesis, these issues and how women are degraded in cultures will be discussed by using the works of famous Indian, Black American and Turkish writers. The books that are discussed in this thesis, Nayantara Sahgal&rsquo / s &ldquo / Rich Like Us,&rdquo / Lakshmi Persaud&rsquo / s &ldquo / Raise the Lanterns High,&rdquo / &ldquo / Possessing the Secret of Joy&rdquo / by Alice Walker and &ldquo / Bliss&rdquo / by Z&uuml / lf&uuml / Livaneli all contribute to this study showing how women are oppressed by different customs in different countries, the common point of which is to serve men&rsquo / s interests.

The aim of this study is to define structural and architectural features of vernacular houses in Uzung&ouml / l, town of &Ccedil / aykara, Trabzon and to determine intervention types of houses in order to prevent loosing original architectural characteristics. For this purpose, the studies that were carried out about the history, geographical/physical character, settlement pattern and socio-economic character of the region in general and the district of the study area were surveyed. To be able to take reliable results, a study area, which has a representative character, was defined. All registered houses in the study area were surveyed and building characteristics of Uzung&ouml / l were identified. Beside gathering information, all surveyed buildings was documented in various details as structural scale and architectural scale. In order to examine the intervention character at houses in the district, all applied interventions at houses were documented. At the end of the documentation, specific intervention types were found. Values of the study area were listed and physical/architectural features that decided be preserved were identified.

Yachting known as a relatively old and an expensive leisure activity, due to recent developments of technology and construction techniques has become accessible to a wider range of people. Mediterranean coasts have a great importance among the world yachters. There is a congestion of yacht traffic in the western and middle Mediterranean marinas, so the yachters tend to go to the Eastern Mediterranean including the Turkish coasts. G&ouml / cek is the most popular yachting region in Turkey with its sheltered bays, natural beauties and archeological heritage. G&ouml / cek Bays are among the first group of Specially Protected Areas declared in Turkey. Yachting activity in summer months has been an ever-increasing use. At present, there exists a very low level of managerial effort for limiting the environmental impacts of boating activities in G&ouml / cek Bays. The uncontrolled yachting in G&ouml / cek Bays presents a growing pressure on the environment, and the coastal and marine ecosystem. On the other hand, it contributes to decreasing the quality of holidays due to congestion, noise and water pollution. The aim of this thesis is to produce information that would contribute to a future regional yacht tourism management plan for G&ouml / cek Bays. To determine the preferences and evaluations of the yachters about this region two surveys have been carried out during the summers of 2000 and 2001. During these surveys questionnaires were distributed to the users and their priorities of several items were asked. Besides some demographic information about the user was obtained.

Fethiye-G&ouml / cek area is one of the nine coastal Specially Protected Area (SPA) in Turkey. Since mid-80&rsquo / s G&ouml / cek town has developed to be a yachting center, and the bays of G&ouml / cek have acquired a well-earned international fame as a paradise for boating vacations. However, the uncontrolled yachting in this bay area presents a growing pressure on the environment, and the coastal and marine ecosystem. In this thesis a computer model for simulating the movements of yachts in G&ouml / cek Bays is developed. The computer model uses the Multinomial Logit Model (MNL) to find the probabilities for the boaters to select the next bay to visit. The model predicts the number of boats in each bay at the end of a day, the number of boats visited each bay during the day and the distribution of boater categories among the bays throughout the simulation time. In order to get the data needed for the inputs, a questionnaire was formed, and a detailed survey was carried out in G&ouml / cek Bays. In addition to the questionnaires, the number of the boats anchored were also observed in the field studies. The model is applied to the G&ouml / cek Bays and the results obtained are compared with the data obtained in the field. In the following years, the yacht movements and distributions at various anchor locations can be predicted with this model. These predictions will be useful in a future management plan that aims to control of yacht movement and anchoring.

This thesis reviews the general characteristics of rock-cut churches with an inscribed-cross plan in G&ouml / reme. These churches, namely Chapel 17, St. Barbara, &Ccedil / arikli, Karanlik, Elmali, Chapel 25, Chapel 32, Kili&ccedil / lar, Bezirhane and Yusuf Ko&ccedil / , date from the ninth to the eleventh century of the Middle Byzantine period. Firstly, this study aims to identify the general features of these churches. It also attempts to examine their liturgical planning. While doing so, architectural developments in the insribed-cross churches in Byzantine Istanbul will also be used for comparison, in order to highlight provincial characteristics in the inscribed-cross churches in G&ouml / reme.

Culture and all of its aspects are best reflected in the home environments. Home is not only a house which is a shelter but a place with social, psychological and emotional associations, and manifests in the continous use of a house. Continuity of use in the home environments is both conceptual and physical, and this can be observed in traditional or historical domestic contexts, to which the Ottoman vernacular house is an example. This study introduces the village of MenteSbey and its 19th century vernacular home environments within their socio-cultural context. MenteSbey was once a prominent center for kadis, Ottoman state officials and judges. The profession of kadilik played an important role in the social development of the village that in turn affected the domestic architecture, which can be grouped into two as kadi and standard houses. MenteSbey houses constitute a good example for tracing &quot / home&quot / , &quot / continuity of use&quot / and &quot / status&quot / in the Ottoman house as some are still inhabited by the families descending both from the lineage of kadis and other families of the 19th century. Seventeen of these houses are documented with their plans, photographs and inhabitants in the study. This study is also an initial step for the possible cultural, architectural and historical studies in and around MenteSbey in the future, and most of all for preserving MenteSbey and its houses for the coming generations.

In this thesis, we study on l-K&ouml / the spaces. By the help of interpolation theory, we use linear topological invariants to get isomorphisms of Cartesian products of l-power series spaces. We also see that multirectangular n-equivalent characteristics is linear toplogical invariant for power l-K&ouml / the spaces of first type.