Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:30:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AmandaOG.pdf: 325824 bytes, checksum: 9e23aa85acfa497e2743d17a723084a9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-05-19 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness during a twelve-month period, of resin-modified glass ionomer (Vitremer@) used as fissure sealants compared to supervised teeth brushing in the prevention of oclusal caries in permarient molars of pubIlc school children from 5 to 7 years of age. A total of 91 children participated in the study, being randomly divided up into three groups of investigation: group with sealant (n=31), group of supervised brushing (m=30), and control gorup (n=30). After 12 months, a total of 28.5% of tosses in the sample of 26 children was registered, and although there wasn t a significant diference between these losses and the groups studles (p = 0.6355), there was a considerable reduction in the sample. The results showed that none of the independentIy studied variables (present caries experience, biofilm, bleeding, sealant retention, position of the tooth in the arch, and sex) interfered in the final results, and that there was no significant difference between applying the sealant in question, perfornling supervised dental brushing, or not intervening at alI (p=0.542). These results could have been a consequence of the limitations found alI through the study, especially relating to the losses occurred because of school evasion, transfer, or because of the accident in the Marise Paiva Municipal School, Keeping students away for approximately one semester, so tht a new reseach had to be developed sos as to better clarify the effects among the treatments done there / O presente estudo teve por finalidade avaliar a efic?cia de selante ionom?rico modificado por resina (Vitremer@), comparado com a escova??o dent?ria supervisionada na preven??o de c?rie ociusal em molares permanentes de escolares da rede p?blica, na faixa et?ria de 5 a 7 anos, ao fmal de 12 meses. Um total de 91 crian?as participou do estudo, sendo divididas aleatoriamente nos tr?s grupos de investiga??o: grupo dos selantes (n=31), grupo da escova??o supervisionada (n=3O) e grupo controle (n=30). Ao final de 12 meses, registrou-se um total de perdas equivalente a 28,5% da amostra (26 crian?as) e, embora n?o tenha havido diferen?a significativa entre essas perdas e os grupos estudados (p=O,6355), houve uma redu??o consider?vel da amostra. Os resultados mostraram que nenhuma das vari?veis independentes estudadas (experi?ncia atual de c?rie, biofilme, sangramento, reten??o do selante, posi??o do dente no arco e sexo) interferiu no desfecho final, e que n?o houve diferen?a significativa entre aplicar o selante em quest?o, realizar a esc ova??o dent?ria supervisionada e n?o efetuar nenhuma interven??o (p=O,542). Estes resultados podem ter sido conseq??ncia das limita??es encontradas ao longo do estudo, sobretudo no que se refere ?s perdas ocorridas em virtude de evas?o escolar, transfer?ncia ou em decorr?ncia do acidente na Escola Municipal Marise Paiva, afastando os alunos de suas ... atividades por aproximadamente um semestre, de modo que novas pesquisas necessitam ser desenvolvidas com o prop?sito de elucidar melhor os efeitos entre os tratamentos aqui realizados

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:31:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AdrianaGA.pdf: 511387 bytes, checksum: efbc267a66385231b4ff2e6eba3f58a8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-03-03 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Bioethics studies human behavior in the fields ofbiological sciences and health care. Tt strives for humanization in health services along with promoting the rights of patients. In view of the lack of dental research dealing with this topic, the present study was undertaken to identify, from the viewpoint of dental surgeons, ethical problems experienced in dental practice,understand how they occur and how professionals deal with them. It is a descriptive exploratory investigation within a qualitative approach. Empirical material was collected through semi-structured interviews performed with 15 dental surgeons who work both in private and public practice in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. The content of the interviews was systemized and organized, resulting in the identification of topics, from which were grouped the ethical problems reported by the participants. The resu1ts indicate that many of the ethical problems coincide with infringements of the norms and mIes of the Dental Code of Ethics, confirming a dental ethic acquired during professional formation and therefore, inadequate for solving the problems that emerge in professional practice. Other questions stand out such as low salaries, competition and poor working conditions. Associated to these problems are lack of commitment and professional responsibility with the patients. Concem with maintaining user autonomy, guaranteeing access to specialized services, and the need for performing only procedures for which they are technically qualified arise in the responses, leading to difficulties in consolidating the principIes proclaimed by bioethics: autonomy, justice, nonmaleficence and beneficence. We concluded that the ethical problems identified in professional practice need to be understood beyond the dental dimension, towards a human approach. It is therefore necessary to incorporate health care management technologies into health practices, including dentistry, which implies recognizing the difTerent dimensions that surround individuaIs, that is, social, economic, political and cultural / A bio?tica estuda a conduta humana no campo das ci?ncias biol?gicas e da aten??o ? sa?de. Tem como caracter?sticas principais a busca pela humaniza??o dos servi?os de sa?de e a promo??o dos direitos dos pacientes. Partindo do pressuposto que na Odontologia s?o escassos os estudos que tratam dessa tem?tica, a presente pesquisa foi desenvolvida com o objetivo de identificar, a partir da vis?o dos cirurgi?es-dentistas, os problemas ?ticos vivenciados na pr?tica odontol?gica, buscando compreender como se produzem e como os profissionais lidam com eles. Trata-se de uma investiga??o de car?ter explorat?rio descritivo, dentro de uma abordagem qualitativa. O material emp?rico foi coletado por meio de entrevistas semi-estruturadas, realizadas com 15 cirurgi?es-dentistas que atuam tanto no ?mbito privado, quanto no p?blico da presta??o de servi?os odontol?gicos no Estado do Rio Grande do Norte. O conte?do das entrevistas foi sistematizado e organizado, resultando na identifica??o de temas, a partir dos quais agrupamos os problemas ?ticos relatados pelos participantes. Os resultados apontam que muitos dos problemas ?ticos coincidem com infra??es ?s normas e regras do C?digo de ?tica Odontol?gica, confirmando uma no??o de ?tica deontol?gica adquirida na forma??o profissional e, portanto, insuficiente para solucionar os problemas que emergem na pr?tica profissional. As quest?es de mercado tamb?m aparecem com lugar de destaque, referentes aos baixos sal?rios, ? concorr?ncia e ?s condi??es inadequadas de trabalho. Associado aos problemas ?ticos que emergem nas rela??es de mercado, s?o referidos a falta de compromisso e de responsabilidade profissional com os usu?rios. As preocupa??es em preservar a autonomia dos usu?rios, em garantir o acesso aos servi?os de refer?ncia especializada, a necessidade de realizar somente procedimentos para os quais estivessem capacitados tecnicamente surgiram nas falas, traduzindo-se em dificuldades na efetiva??o dos princ?pios preconizados pela bio?tica principialista: autonomia, justi?a, n?omalefic?ncia e benefic?ncia. Conclu?mos que os problemas ?ticos identificados na pr?tica profissional precisam ser compreendidos para al?m da dimens?o deontol?gica em dire??o aos aspectos da produ??o do trabalho. Torna-se preciso, ent?o, incorporar nas pr?ticas de sa?de, incluindo a odontologia, as tecnologias da gest?o do cuidado, o que implica no reconhecimento de diferentes dimens?es que envolvem os sujeitos, ou seja, sociais, econ?micas, pol?ticas e culturais

Diese Arbeit untersucht wie man mit mehreren, miteinander koordinierten Mobilgeräten Selektionen verwalten und Brushing und Linking unterstützen kann. Im Rahmen der Arbeit wird ein konzeptionelles Framework zur Selektionsverwaltung für mehrere Geräte angedacht und ein Konzept zur Selektionsverwaltung vorstellt, das Brushing und Linking für Mobilgeräte unterstützt. Des Weiteren werden Ziele für den Prototypen erörtert, die zur Umsetzung das Konzept beitragen. Mobile Geräte werden immer häufiger für Informationsvisualisierungen verwendet. Jedoch wurde bisher noch nicht untersucht, wie gängige Interaktionstechniken, wie Brushing und Linking, für diese Geräte anpassen werden müssen. Während des Brushings, werden zusätzlich Selektionen erstellt, für die es bislang keine Art der Verwaltung für Mobilgeräte gibt. In dieser Arbeit wird untersucht wie man Brushing und Linking mit mehreren Mobilgeräten unterstützen kann und Selektionen gleichzeitig verwalten kann.:1 Introduction 1.1 Contributions 1.2 Motivation and Background 1.3 Goals 1.4 Research Questions 1.5 Thesis Overview 2. Related Work 2.1 Mobile Devices for InfoVis and Their Screen Real Estate Issues 2.2 Interacting with CMVs 2.3 Brushing and Linking 2.4 Summary 3 Selection Management and Brushing and Linking for Mobile Cross- Device Interaction 3.1 The Selection Management Framework 3.2 Fundamental Information About VisTiles 3.3 Design Considerations 3.4 Creating Selections Within a Visualization 3.5 Interacting with Selections Within a Visualization 3.6 Managing Multiple Selections 3.7 Managing a Single Selection 3.8 Linking Selections to Other Devices 3.9 Incorporating Join Operations 3.10 Overview over Side-by-side Interactions 3.11 Summary: Reviewing the Selection Management Framework 4 Prototype 4.1 Technical Setup 4.2 Techniques 5 Conclusion and Discussion 5.1 Discussion 5.2 Future Work 5.3 Conclusion / This thesis examines how to manage selections and use brushing and linking with multiple coordinated mobile devices. We discuss thoughts for a conceptual framework for selection management in multi-device environments. We then present a concept for managing selections and supporting brushing and linking for co-located mobile devices. Finally, we are providing an overview of and the goals for our proof-of-concept prototype. More and more mobile devices are used for visualization. However, it is still an open question how to adjust common interaction techniques, such as brushing and linking, for mobile devices. Furthermore, it has not been addressed how to manage the selections that are created through brushing. We explore how brushing and linking can be used in a setting with multiple, co-located mobile devices and how to manage its selections.:1 Introduction 1.1 Contributions 1.2 Motivation and Background 1.3 Goals 1.4 Research Questions 1.5 Thesis Overview 2. Related Work 2.1 Mobile Devices for InfoVis and Their Screen Real Estate Issues 2.2 Interacting with CMVs 2.3 Brushing and Linking 2.4 Summary 3 Selection Management and Brushing and Linking for Mobile Cross- Device Interaction 3.1 The Selection Management Framework 3.2 Fundamental Information About VisTiles 3.3 Design Considerations 3.4 Creating Selections Within a Visualization 3.5 Interacting with Selections Within a Visualization 3.6 Managing Multiple Selections 3.7 Managing a Single Selection 3.8 Linking Selections to Other Devices 3.9 Incorporating Join Operations 3.10 Overview over Side-by-side Interactions 3.11 Summary: Reviewing the Selection Management Framework 4 Prototype 4.1 Technical Setup 4.2 Techniques 5 Conclusion and Discussion 5.1 Discussion 5.2 Future Work 5.3 Conclusion

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-26T12:51:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 mariacristinadeavilameinberg_dissert.pdf: 2412515 bytes, checksum: a1233bb3e2f1e020476d33588e32153f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-06-07 / Introduction: Nosocomial pneumonias determine a significant increase length of Stay, in hospital costs and mortality. Oral hygiene with chlorhexidine has been considered a tool in the prevention of nosocomial pneumonia. However, current data suggest that such benefits are more significant in cardiac surgeries patients. Objective: To evaluate the effects of oral chlorhexidine hygiene with tooth brushing on the rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia in a mixed population of critically ill patients under prolonged mechanical ventilation. Methods: Prospective, randomized, and placebo-controlled pilot study. Patients who were receiving mechanical ventilation, had been admitted in the intensive Care Unit in the previous 24 hours, and were anticipated to require mechanical ventilation for more than 72 hours were included in the study. The patients were randomly divided in to one of the following groups: chlorhexidine hygiene with toothbrushing or a placebo group (gel with the same color and consistency and tooth brushing). Results: The planned interim analysis was conducted using 52 patients, and the study was terminated prematurely. In total, 28 patients were included in the chlorhexidine/tooth brushing group, and 24 patients were included in the placebo/tooth brushing group. Ventilator-associated pneumonia occurred in 45.8% of the placebo group and in 64.3% of the chlorhexidine hygiene with toothbrushing group (RR=1.4; 95% CI=0.83-2.34; p=0.29). Conclusion: The use of gel with chlorhexidine 2% and toothbrushing for oral hygiene did not have effect on the rate of VAP in this heterogeneous population of critically ill patients under prolonged mechanical ventilation. / Introdução: As pneumonias nosocomiais determinam significativo aumento em tempo de internação, custos hospitalares e mortalidade. A higiene bucal com clorexidina é considerada de grande importância na prevenção de pneumonia nosocomial. Contudo os dados atuais mostram que tais benefícios são mais significativos em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia cardíaca. Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos da higiene bucal com clorexidina 2% e escovação mecânica sobre a taxa de pneumonia associada a ventilador (PAV) em uma população mista de pacientes sob ventilação mecânica prolongada. Método: Estudo piloto prospectivo, aleatório e placebo-controlado. Foram incluídos pacientes sob ventilação mecânica, com menos de 24 horas de internação e cuja perspectiva de duração da ventilação mecânica era a de um período > 72 horas. Os pacientes foram randomizados para o grupo clorexidina (gel com clorexidina a 2%) e escovação mecânica ou grupo placebo (gel da mesma cor e consistência e escovação mecânica) na higiene bucal. Resultados: A análise interina planejada foi realizada quando 52 pacientes foram incluídos e o estudo foi interrompido precocemente. Um total de 28 pacientes foi incluído no grupo clorexidina e 24 no grupo placebo. As taxas de PAV foram de 45,8% no grupo placebo/escovação mecânica e de 64,3% no grupo clorexidina/escovação mecânica (RR=1,4; IC95%= 0,83-2,34; p=0,29). Conclusão: Os resultados deste estudo não evidenciaram beneficio do uso de clorexidina a 2% e escovação mecânica na higiene bucal nas taxas de PAV nesta população heterogênea de pacientes críticos sob ventilação mecânica prolongada.