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<b>Introduction</b>: Today one of the primary goals of any kind of dental treatment is the achievement of balanced smile aesthetics, as patients increasingly attend dental clinics to improve their appearance. The main aim of the present study was to assess and compare the smile aesthetics created by the use of two orthodontic bracket systems (self-ligating vs. conventional ligating) as a part of analysing secondary outcomes of two randomised clinical trials comparing between these two systems. <b>Methodology</b>: The assessment of smile aesthetics was done by analysing and scoring post-orthodontic treatment 125 frontal smile photographs subjectively and objectively. The subjective evaluation was performed by 20 dental professionals and 20 laypeople, while the objective assessment was done by one principal examiner using a group of smile aesthetics parameters. <b>Statistical analysis</b>: Multiple regression statistical analyses were performed to test the association between subjective and objective assessment of smile aesthetics in order to find the significant smile aesthetics predictors and assess the effect of the bracket type (self-ligating vs conventional) on the resulting smile aesthetics. <b>Results</b>: The finding from this research shows that the bracket type was not an important smile aesthetics factor in all the statistical models, although there are other important smile aesthetics factors as there was a significant correlation between the subjective and objective assessment of smile aesthetics parameters (Pearson’s correlation coefficients “r” > 0.50). <b>Conclusion</b>: There is insufficient evidence to reject the null hypotheses of no significant difference in the smile aesthetics created by the two orthodontic bracket systems. An Orthodontic Smile Aesthetics Rating (OSAR) tool has been developed.

Optimisation des modèles d'évaluation et de couverture d'options financières sous contraintes de liquidité / Optimization of pricing and hedging models for financial options under liquidity constraints

Master of Arts / Department of English / Dean G. Hall / Salman Rushdie's 1999 novel The Ground Beneath Her Feet is ostensibly a rock 'n' roll novel, largely set in the 1960s, that traces the commercial rise of Indian rock star protagonists Vina Apsara and Ormus Cama. As their fame and wealth rise to global status and their stage show comes to entail a logistical complexity of military proportions, it becomes increasingly difficult to discern the couple's earlier countercultural ideals within their new established culture status. I argue that despite the change from countercultural to establishment-based values in the novel's protagonists, Rushdie does make a case in The Ground Beneath Her Feet for the possibility of countercultural efficacy against the commodifying culture of global capitalism (which I refer to as the "Frame"). His recipe for combating the exclusive hierarchies produced by the Frame is a combination of the non-totalizing politics of postmodernism and the subversive potential of uncommodified rock music. I pay close attention to establishing the historical templates--John Lennon of the Beatles and Brian Wilson of the Beach Boys--of the novel's protagonists in an effort to understand the sort of countercultural alternative Rushdie is proposing. I likewise focus on the novel's depiction of the Beach Boys' Smile album, which as a still commercially unreleased record, reinforces Rushdie's imperative in The Ground Beneath Her Feet for an uncommodifying counterculture and works in tandem with his portrayals of the artistic plights of several minor characters in the novel as well.

För att prissätta optioner är val av modell en viktig fråga. I denna kandidatuppsats beskrivs både Black &amp; Scholes modell och SABR-modellen. Förstnämnda modell är enklare än SABR-modellen men bygger på antaganden som inte stämmer överens med verkligheten. Den ger heller inte någon explicit formel för den implicita volatiliteten och predikterar inte heller på ett korrekt sätt fenomenet volatility smile vilket observeras på marknaden. Syftet med uppsatsen är att utvärdera prestandan hos SABR-modellen och användarvänligheten, samt att undersöka lite av teorin bakom modellen och vissa av dess egenskaper. Till grund för beräkningarna ligger datamaterial hämtat från Nasdaq OMX Nordic. Enligt mina beräkningar är resultatet att SABR-modellen endast presterar marginellt bättre än Black &amp; Scholes-modellen. Dock kan även små förbättringar spela stor roll i dessa sammanhang.

<p>För att prissätta optioner är val av modell en viktig fråga. I denna kandidatuppsats</p><p>beskrivs både Black & Scholes modell och SABR-modellen. Förstnämnda modell är</p><p>enklare än SABR-modellen men bygger på antaganden som inte stämmer överens med</p><p>verkligheten. Den ger heller inte någon explicit formel för den implicita volatiliteten</p><p>och predikterar inte heller på ett korrekt sätt fenomenet volatility smile vilket</p><p>observeras på marknaden.</p><p>Syftet med uppsatsen är att utvärdera prestandan hos SABR-modellen och</p><p>användarvänligheten, samt att undersöka lite av teorin bakom modellen och vissa av</p><p>dess egenskaper. Till grund för beräkningarna ligger datamaterial hämtat från Nasdaq</p><p>OMX Nordic.</p><p>Enligt mina beräkningar är resultatet att SABR-modellen endast presterar marginellt</p><p>bättre än Black & Scholes-modellen. Dock kan även små förbättringar spela stor roll i</p><p>dessa sammanhang.</p>

Achievement of optimum smile esthetics during orthodontic treatment has recently been the focus of several published articles in the orthodontic literature. Authors speculate that overbite correction, specifically maxillary incisor intrusion, will lead to flattening of the smile arc and consequently reduce smile attractiveness. The purpose of this prospective clinical study was to investigate differences in outcomes from two common treatment modalities used to reduce deep overbite: maxillary incisor intrusion using an intrusion arch and posterior tooth eruption using an anterior bite plate. Pre-treatment and post-overbite correction records were gathered from 20 patients who presented with deep overbite malocclusions to the Virginia Commonwealth University orthodontic clinic. Both the intrusion arch and bite plate treatment modalities effectively reduced overbite significantly over a relatively short period of treatment. Intrusion arch patients displayed significant reductions in maxillary incisor display (lip to tooth) accompanying documented incisor intrusion. Half of the patients in both groups experienced flattening of the smile arc in agreement with previous studies showing similar changes in orthodontic patients in general. There was no greater tendency for flattening to occur in either group. Changes in the smile arc are likely due to other factors involved in orthodontic tooth alignment and are not necessarily attributable to the overbite correction method employed during treatment.

The purpose of this prospective clinical study was to investigate differences in outcomes from two common treatment modalities used to reduce deep overbite: maxillary incisor intrusion using an intrusion arch and posterior tooth eruption using an anterior bite plate and to assess their influence on smile esthetics. Pre-treatment and post-overbite correction records were gathered from 40 patients with deep overbite malocclusions at the Virginia Commonwealth University orthodontic clinic. Intrusion arch patients displayed significant reductions in maxillary incisor display accompanying documented incisor intrusion. Bite plate patients showed significant lower incisor intrusion and increases in the mandibular plane angle. When compared to the bite plate group, there was a greater tendency for flattening of the smile arc seen in the intrusion arch group. Changes in the smile arc were likely partially a result of the mechanics used but may also have been due to other factors involved in orthodontic tooth alignment.

Orientador: João Maurício Ferraz da [Unesp] Silva / Resumo: Este estudo foi descritivo e teve como objetivo avaliar os enceramentos diagnóstico convencional e o digital, baseados no mesmo Planejamento Digital do Sorriso em 2D, realizado através de um protocolo fotográfico. Foram selecionados 20 pacientes, que foram moldados com alginato para obtenção dos modelos de estudo convencional e foram também escaneados para a obtenção do modelo virtual utilizado para o enceramento digital. O planejamento 2D foi então enviado ao laboratório de prótese juntamente com os modelos em gesso e os modelos virtuais, realizando então os enceramentos diagnósticos. A prova destes enceramentos foi realizada por meio de um ensaio restaurador seguindo uma ordem aleatorizada. A avaliação do ensaio restaurador foi feita sob a preferência de um dentista avaliador experiente e especialista em prótese dentária e do paciente através de questionário. Foi avaliada também, a preferência do paciente em relação às técnicas de impressão: analógica e digital. As respostas foram tabuladas e submetidas a teste estatístico. Os pacientes mostraram preferência pelo enceramento diagnóstico convencional em relação ao digital em 65% dos casos. Os pacientes mostraram preferência pelo método de impressão digital em relação ao convencional em 80% dos casos. O dentista avaliador mostrou preferência pelo enceramento convencional em 50% dos casos e pelo digital em 50% dos casos. / Abstract: This study was descriptive and aimed to evaluate the conventional and digital diagnostic waxing, based on the same 2D Digital Smile Planning, performed through a photographic protocol. Twenty patients were selected, who were molded with alginate to obtain the conventional study models and were also scanned to obtain the virtual model used for digital waxing. The 2D planning was then sent to the prosthesis laboratory together with the plaster models and the virtual models, performing the diagnostic waxing. The testing of these waxing was performed by a restorative assay following a randomized order. The evaluation of the restorative trial was made under the preference of an evaluating dentist and the patient through a questionnaire. It was also evaluated the patient's preference over printing techniques: conventional and digital. The answers were tabulated and subjected to statistical test. The patients showed preference for the conventional waxing over the digital one in 65% of the cases. Patients showed a preference for the fingerprint method over the analog in 80% of the cases. The evaluating dentist showed a preference for analogous waxing in 50% of cases and digital for waxing in 50% of cases. / Mestre

[pt] A expansão do mercado de derivativos no mundo e principalmente no Brasil tem impulsionado seus usuários a aprimorar e desenvolver ferramentas de apreçamento mais eficientes. Com esse intuito, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo evidenciar qual janela de observações gera a curtose e a assimetria que mais suavize o sorriso da volatilidade utilizando-se do modelo Corrado-Su. Para tanto, as empresas escolhidas foram a Petrobrás PN e a Vale PNA, devido a suas ações e opções de compra serem as mais líquidas no mercado brasileiro. A análise dos dados apontou para uma maior suavização do sorriso da volatilidade por parte das janelas de dados de curto prazo sobre as longo prazo, e uma equivalência de desempenho das primeiras ao do modelo Black-Scholes. / [en] The expansion of the derivatives market in the world and especially in Brazil has driven its users to enhance and develop tools for more efficient pricing. With this purpose, this paper aims to point which window of observations generates the kurtosis and skewness that more soften the volatility smile using the Corrado-Su model. Therefore, the firms that were chosen were Petrobras PN and Vale PNA, because their stocks and options are the most liquid in Brazilian market. The data analysis indicated a greater smoothing volatility smile using the windows of observations of the short term instead of the long term, and a equivalent performance of the first ones to that of the Black-Scholes model.