This study aims at creating an understanding of how teachers in Gambian primary schools, who have participated in Future in our hands in-service training, experience their motivation to teach. Three research question were defined to help us examining our purpose further; “Is motivation to teach a problem among Gambian teachers?”, “which factors are most important in order to create a motivational workplace?” and “which factors do the Gambian teachers experience to demotivate them in their work?“. A presentation on previous research in the field is given, which points out that motivation is a problem among many teachers in developing countries and that intrinsic as well extrinsic factors affects the motivation in both positive and negative ways. Twelve semi-structured interviews were conducted throughout The Gambia focusing on the respondents’ experiences about their motivation to teach. The collected material was analysed using Herzberg’s motivation-hygiene theory. The results showed that salary, interpersonal relations, lack of materials and facilities, possibilities for growth and promotion as well as workload were factors frequently mentioned in terms of creating motivation as well as demotivation to teach.

Ordet entreprenörskap skrevs in i grundskolans läroplan 2011 och ingår idag i skolans uppdrag. Entreprenörskap är i ropet såväl internationellt som nationellt och begreppet har letat sig in i styrdokument via Europarådet och regeringskansliet. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka verksamma lågstadielärares attityder till entreprenörskap i skolan för att få en uppfattning om det aktuella läget i den svenska grundskolan. Studiens frågeställningar fokuserar bland annat på hur viktigt lärare anser att entreprenörskapsarbete är i olika årskurser, om de vill arbeta med entreprenörskap samt hur de graderar elevens och näringslivets intresse gällande entreprenörskap i skolan.Det finns flertalet pågående projekt som syftar till att stimulera entreprenörskap i skolan såväl nationellt som internationellt genom organisationer som Komtek, Ung företagsamhet och Snilleblixtarna för att nämna några. Det forskas friskt på området entreprenörskap i skolan. Något som är relativt outforskat är däremot lärares attityder gentemot entreprenörskap i skolan. En del av den forskning som finns på området är gjord i Finland och Malaysia och visar i stort att lärare har en positiv inställning till entreprenörskap men upplever bristande kompetens inom området.För att kunna ställa attityder mot varandra och finna eventuella mönster valdes kvantitativ metod som grund för studien. Data samlades in via en webbenkät som skickades ut till lärare verksamma i årskurs 1-3 i ett eller flera av ämnena svenska, engelska, matematik, SO och NO.I linje med tidigare forskning visar resultaten i denna studie att lärares attityder till entreprenörskap överlag är positiv. Attityderna varierar dock och en stor del av respondenterna upplever begreppet vara värdeladdat. Resultatet visar att respondenterna övervägande anser att entreprenörskapets relevans i utbildning ökar i och med elevers stigande ålder. Detta trots att de allra flesta anser sig ha en bred definition av begreppet entreprenörskap enligt vilket entreprenörskap i skolan handlar om att utveckla grundläggande förmågor som kreativitet, innovationsförmåga och handlingskraft.

M.Ed. (Educational Psychology) / Reading problems as a phenomenon in education is a problem which has been identified in many countries of the world including the Republic of South Africa. If a child experiences a reading problem it affects not only his present life world but also his path en route to adulthood. Reading also forms an integral part of the adult' s daily activities and therefore it is essential that the child (who is a future adult) should be able to be independent as far as reading is concerned. The standard 2-pupil is in the transitional stage between the junior primary- and senior primary phase. It was thus essential to identify reading problems that may exist beyond the junior primary phase with the intention of lending assistance to the child in need. Furthermore it was necessary to undertake a psychodidactic view of reading. Reading was identified as a complex activity, consisting of various components. The educational causes of reading problems were emphasized. Reading errors were divided into 3 categories namely: reading skills, general reading errors and reading attitude. The purpose of this study therefore, was to identify the most common reading errors made by standard 2. pupils, then to compare the reading errors of English and Afrikaans speaking pupils and to propose recommendations with respect to reading instruction in standard 2.. It was also necessary to identify reading problems that still existed after the completion of the junior primary phase ...

The study investigated the accessibility and use of health information within the lower echelons of Primary Health Care service delivery. Hence, it focused on women and health workers' experiences with information in rural Uganda. Face-to-face interviews were conducted using an interview schedule that consisted of open questions and one relating to health information critical incidents. The qualitative interviews added depth, detail and meaning at a very personal level of experience. A holistic inductive paradigm was used in the study with a grounded theory analysis. This approach was adopted because of its ability to generate findings inductively from empirical data. An 'Interaction-value model' emerged from the study. The model was driven by the value and impact of information unlike previous information models which have been driven by information needs. This study has demonstrated that although an information need could trigger off an information activity, the subsequent information process could only be sustained by the value of information. Hence, access and use of information depends on the value and impact of information to overcome or reduce constraints. The value of information is therefore the core category, while the moderation of constraints and interaction with sources for latent or apparent needs are the two main categories that make up the model. The study has also shown that not all information users are active seekers. The main difference between the two groups of interviewees was that health workers' needs were generally apparent and led to active information seeking, whereas the women's needs were generally latent. Women mainly accessed information passively. Passivity, however, was generally limited to the act of accessing information. After passive information access, the subsequent user behaviour was active. Hence, women passively accessed information, but actively used it. Women's information behaviour was therefore dynamic. This was confirmed throughout the study when, for example, their information needs changed from latent to active and vice versa. The difference in the findings appears to stem from the fact that for women, the process of information access and use was dependant on the relationship and interaction between their social and information environment in everyday life; while for the health workers, professional matters added a further dimension to their information activities. The ways in which women and health workers accessed and used information as elaborated in this study have a number of implications for improving information provision, policies, training of health workers, and further research.

No description available.

No description available.

Thesis advisor: William Gamson / This study explores newspaper discussions of the intersectional identities of political candidates. Specifically, this study focuses on reporting of the 2013 New York City democratic mayoral primary and identifies how reporters of The New York Times discussed the identities of mayoral hopefuls Christine Quinn, Bill de Blasio, and Bill Thompson. The results indicated that Christine Quinn, as the only woman and openly gay candidate, was mentioned more frequently in discussions related to gender and sexuality than were the other two candidates. The results also indicated that Bill de Blasio, who was white with a mixed-race family, and Bill Thompson, the only black candidate in the democratic primary, were mentioned more frequently in discussions related to race than Quinn was. Further, the study finds that the reporting of The New York Times focused on both the sensitizing nature and the novelty of each candidate’s identity. Finally, the study suggests implications of this media focus for discussions of intersectional identity in newspaper reporting of political campaigns. / Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2014. / Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: College Honors Program. / Discipline: Sociology Honors Program.

Thesis advisor: Paul Cichello / Initially launched as a pilot program in 1996 by the World Food Program (WFP) at the request of the Government of Malawi (GoM), the School Meals Program (SMP) reached approximately 642,000 primary school children by 2011. According to the WFP, the objectives of the SMP are: 1) reduce drop out rates; 2) promote regular attendance; 3) increase enrollment; and 4) improve children’s ability to concentrate and learn, through food provision (WFP, 2010). Given these aims, this paper aims to determine if Malawi’s SMP affects the primary enrollment rate or attendance as measured as an impact on temporary withdraws. By applying a propensity score matching (PSM) model to the Third Integrated Household Survey data from 2010-2011, the estimation of the impacts will aim to mitigate selection bias using historic enrollment and other covariates, which include WFP selection criteria and theory-based community and political characteristics. Using three different matching techniques, the model predicts that the SMP has no impact on primary enrollment and a statistically insignificant, but positive impact on attendance, here measured as a decrease in temporary withdraws. Explanations for these atypical results include the presence of exclusion errors, which were found in the pilot evaluation, model misspecification, and the lack of social desirability bias in my measures. Further research is needed to determine the extent to which previous results have been biased by Hawthorne effects or social desirability bias. Given the potential of the temporary withdraws for highlighting a positive impact of the program, further studies should include this measure as a potential outcome of any SMP program, especially in agrarian economies. / Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2015. / Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Departmental Honors. / Discipline: Economics.

This study was undertaken in part as a response to proposed changes in the curriculum and teaching of Physical Education in Irish post-primary schools. I have been involved in Physical Education Teacher Education (PETE) for almost thirty years, almost entirely in Ireland, and I have a strong commitment to the promotion of child-centred Physical Education which I believe may be threatened by the proposed changes. My concerns are evident within this study which focuses on three Physical Education teachers in contemporary Ireland over a period of approximately three years during which three Draft New Syllabuses for Physical Education were written by the National Council for Curriculum and Assessment. These teachers share concerns and values regarding the teaching of Physical Education which broadly concur with my espoused ideology. Each is aware of their preferred pedagogical practices and is articulate in their defence of them. Within this study, the professional practices of these teachers are examined in the context of societal changes and the proposed curriculum changes in Physical Education evidenced in the new syllabuses. Inspiration is drawn from Basil Bernstein's work which Sadovnik (1995, p. 7) claims 'promised to connect the societal, institutional, interactional and intrapsychic levels of sociological analysis'. This study accepts Bernstein's analysis which provides a systematic structural theory allowing micro and macro aspects of the education system to be inter-related.

手稿本. / Thesis (M.A.)--香港中文大學. / Shou gao ben. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 62-66). / Thesis (M.A.)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue. / Chapter 第壹章 --- 問題說明 --- p.1 / Chapter （一） --- 研究問題 --- p.1 / Chapter （二） --- 有關文獻 --- p.5 / Chapter （三） --- 假設 --- p.11 / Chapter （四） --- 執行定義 --- p.12 / Chapter 第貳章 --- 研究方法 --- p.14 / Chapter （一） --- 設計 --- p.14 / Chapter （二） --- 樣本 --- p.17 / Chapter （三） --- 研究工具 --- p.19 / Chapter （四） --- 實驗程序 --- p.26 / Chapter （五） --- 資料分析 --- p.31 / Chapter 第叁章 --- 結果與討論 --- p.35 / Chapter （一） --- 結果 --- p.35 / Chapter （二） --- 討論 --- p.51 / Chapter 第肆章 --- 摘要及建議 --- p.56 / Chapter （一） --- 摘要 --- p.56 / Chapter （二） --- 建議 --- p.60 / 參考文獻 --- p.62 / Chapter （一） --- 英文 --- p.62 / Chapter （二） --- 中文 --- p.64 / 附錄 / Chapter （一） --- 本研究應用之第一類中文辭句 --- p.67 / Chapter （二） --- 本研究應用之第二類中文辭句 --- p.68 / Chapter （三） --- 本研究應用之第三類中文辭句 --- p.69 / Chapter （四） --- 中文辭句默寫測驗卷 --- p.70 / Chapter （五） --- 两项因素重複測量設計電腦計算程序 --- p.71 / Chapter （六） --- 鄧肯統計法分析結果 --- p.77