Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T18:33:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Werner Angel.pdf: 3345252 bytes, checksum: 32ba0d4fd5794efb434d7d3ff462fc23 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-06-25 / The objective of this research was to analyse and to identify the agricultural sector in the cities established in the far west of Paraná State, focusing on small farms, determinants factors of sustainability and the perspectives for the future of these properties. Data collection was conducted through questionnaires, interviews that sought to highlight the characteristics of the farmer and his production unit and data about how the producer view his property, and how he perceives this perspectives for the future. The data were the basis of the analysis in the verification of financial, economic, social and environmental (un)sustainability, noting the presence or not of the small landowner in his activities. With the outcome of this case study, it contributes to the knowledge of this portion of the population and the authorities can direct resources and policies to encourage production and income to reduce the rural exodus because it was found unsustainable trends of small farms in the cities studied. / O objetivo desta pesquisa foi identificar e analisar no setor agropecuário, nos municípios estabelecidos do extremo oeste do Estado do Paraná, com foco nas pequenas propriedades rurais, fatores determinantes da sustentabilidade e as perspectivas para o futuro dessas propriedades. A coleta de dados foi realizada através da aplicação de questionário, entrevistas que buscaram evidenciar as características do produtor rural e sua unidade de produção e dados sobre a forma como o produtor visualiza a sua propriedade, e como percebe as perspectivas do futuro. Os dados foram a base da análise na verificação da (in)sustentabilidade financeira, econômica, social e ambiental, constatando a permanência ou não do pequeno proprietário nas suas atividades. Com o resultado deste estudo de caso, espera-se contribuir para o conhecimento dessa parcela da população e que as autoridades possam direcionar recursos e políticas de incentivo à produção e renda para reduzir o êxodo rural, porque se constataram tendências de insustentabilidade nas pequenas propriedades rurais nos municípios estudados.

Flooding is a worldwide problem that every year causes substantial damage for the environment and stakeholders nearby, and this impact relates to several of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Colombia is specially prone to flooding as 17% of its surface area is at risk of extreme flooding. In addition, there is something called a POT (plan de ordenamiento territorial) for every municipality in Colombia, which states how the territory should be managed. For this project the rivers were of particular interest, and the POT states that no temporary or permanent constructions are allowed within 30 meters on either side of a river. The purpose of this report was to investigate and analyze the possibilities of using UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle) -based photogrammetry and UAV-based LiDAR (light detection and ranging) technology to gather sufficient data for a model that could simulate different flooding scenarios in the examined area. Data from the UAV-based photogrammetry resulted in a complete visual overview of the examined area. The data gathered from the UAV-based light detection and ranging resulted in an accurate point cloud that could be processed into a DTM (digital terrain model) where three different flooding scenarios were simulated. The simulations and the visual model showed that majority of people in theexamined area were disobeying the POT and the 30 meter rule, therefore being in risk of flooding and impacting the natural diversity of the body of water. The simulation also showed that stakeholders close to the body of water were affected for each of the three different water level scenarios. In some cases, it was only vegetation and crops that got affected by the flooding scenario, while in other cases entire structures and buildings were damaged due to the increase of water level. To complement the flooding scenarios, interviews were conducted with people that have good knowledge of the area and of ecology, resulting in a stakeholder analysis. This provided an additional depth to the analysis and showed the complexity in the management of flooding in the area.