This research study investigates how English First Additional Language learners respond to animation in Physical Science learning in a rural Further Education and Training (FET) Grade 10 class. A study was implemented to find answers to the main question: “How do learners respond to animation in the learning environment?” The sub questions are: In an interactive learning environment with animations … 1. what learning takes place from a cognitive, affective and psychomotor perspective and how? 2. what language problems do the learners experience and how do they deal with them? The study employed a computer program with which learners engaged for an average of 40 - 45 minutes. The animation elicited numerous cognitive, affective and psychomotor behaviours in the learners. The observations describe cognitive activities, such as a progressive decrease in times taken to complete games successfully, a controlled display of information for brief periods, patterns of buttons pressed varied amongst the groups, and the learners’ proficiency as game playing increased. Results pointing to affective activities included the learners’ perseverance to master the game and a wide range of emotions that were displayed during the execution of the animation. The results showed the following: <ul> <li>little time was spent on reading instructions with learners merely giving them a cursory glance;</li> <li>learners interacted with the learning activity in different ways both during the learning phase and the assessment phase;</li> <li>learners managed to reach the objective of the learning activity irrespective of how they approached the activity; and</li> <li>a wide range of other psychomotor activities were displayed during the course of the animation.</li> </ul> The study recommends minor changes to the program in order to improve it, and concludes that learners do respond positively to animation in a learning environment. Copyright / Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2009. / Science, Mathematics and Technology Education / unrestricted

What are the key antecedents, factors and moderators that influence environmentally friendly and socially responsible consumer behaviour? Individual consumers buy products and services not only for their intrinsic satisfactory functionalities. They make their consumption choices also because of specific extrinsic products/service abilities to affirm their lifestyle choice, i.e. enhance their self-concepts and satisfy their psychological needs. Given that despite the recent increase of interest in sustainable consumer behaviour, little is known on sustainable consumer aspirations, this study aims at filling the research gap in this area of academic research. This study investigates ad hoc literature in Lifestyle Strategic Marketing, Branding, Social Psychology and Self-Concept Theory applicable in Green and Fair Trade Operational Marketing . Mixed research methods are used in three distinct studies: (a) laboratory experiment, (b) SurveyMonkeyTM online questionnaire analyzed quantitatively, and (c) SPSS and SEM software data management and analysis. They are conducted in France and based on the common research models, i.e. the Theory of reasoned action (TRA) founded by Fishbein & Ajzen (1975) and the Theory of planned behaviour (TPB) coined by Ajzen (1991). Specific attitudes towards environmentally friendly and fair-trade products and services are derived from Value sets, Awareness of Consequences beliefs and Environmental Concern evaluations; therefore in the third partial study we adapt the research model proposed by Hansla et al. (2008). In all of them is employed a convenience sampling method that allows to gather between 109 and 350 respondents. Results allow for identification of salient factors influencing consumer purchasing intention and willingness to adopt and pay for both environmentally friendly and socially responsible products and/or services.

The current tourist behavioural trends and the increasing number of visitor nights can no longer be the main focus of the international tourism industry, as they harm the physical and social environment. However, in the current profit-driven economic and political systems, reducing the intensity of travelling seems unrealistic; besides, many people's livelihoods are dependent on the industry. Nevertheless, we should always strive for the utmost to mitigate harmful consequences. Travellers' behavioural patterns pose a major barrier to reforming the industry, calling for long-term connections and engagement with the physical and social environment as a possible solution. Therefore, we investigate the potential of transforming the hedonistic tourist attitude into one that values meaningful connections. Our research explores the emotional dimensions of DNA journeys and the effects of the travellers’ shifting identities on their behaviour. The semi-structured interviews helped unfold the emotions of participants emerging during their journeys. The findings indicate that the travellers' newly awakened emotions led to new attitudes of openness, acceptance and curiosity. We concluded that the emotions faced by DNA travellers as part of their identity construction could translate into the adoption of behavioural norms that bring new perspectives on responsible travelling by enabling a deeper connection to the destination. Genealogical mapping-based journeys embrace the appreciation of commonalities and differences as travellers enter a country with open hearts and minds. / A jelenlegi turisztikai viselkedési tendenciák és a növekvő vendégéjszakák száma nem lehet többé a nemzetközi idegenforgalmi ipar középpontjában, mivel ezek károsítják a fizikai és társadalmi környezetet. A jelenlegi haszonközpontú gazdasági és politikai rendszerekben azonban az utazás intenzitásának csökkentése irreálisnak tűnik, ráadásul sok ember megélhetése függ ettől az iparágtól. Ennek ellenére mindig a lehető legtöbbet kell tennünk a káros következmények mérséklése érdekében. Az utazók viselkedésmintái komoly akadályt jelentenek az iparág reformjának, és a szakemberek hosszú távú kapcsolatokat, valamint a fizikai és társadalmi környezettel való elkötelezettséget sürgetik. Ezért megvizsgáljuk a hedonista turista attitűd átalakításának lehetőségét egy olyanná, amely értékeli a jelentőségteljes kapcsolatokat. Kutatásunk a DNS-utazások érzelmi dimenzióit és az utazók változó identitásának a viselkedésükre gyakorolt hatását vizsgálja. A félig strukturált interjúk segítettek feltárni a résztvevők utazás során felbukkanó érzelmeit. Az eredmények azt mutatják, hogy a résztvevők újonnan ébredt érzelmei a nyitottságot, az elfogadást és a kíváncsiságot ösztönözték. Arra a következtetésre jutottunk, hogy a DNS-utazók által az identitásépítés részeként megtapasztalt érzelmek olyan viselkedési normák felvételéhez vezethetnek, amelyek új távlatokat kínálnak a felelős utazással kapcsolatban, a célállomással való mélyebb kapcsolódáson keresztül. A genealógiai feltérképezésen alapuló utazások a hasonlóságok és a különbségek megbecsülését segítik, mivel az utazók nyitott szívvel és elmével lépnek be a célországba.

Music is often heralded as a means of bringing people together or celebrating diversity and therefore it is also often assumed that music can be a beneficial tool in conflict transformation settings. Despite this widespread belief there is little empirical evidence to support this notion. Indeed, there is more evidence that suggests the opposite; music can increase solidarity within one group but that very process strengthens the borders between what is accepted as in-group or out-group. It is this strengthening of identity borders that can lead to outright conflict if certain other social conditions prevail. One question remains, why is the belief in the power of music so widespread when there is evidence that demonstrates potential negative outcomes? In order to address that question, it is useful to observe that music continues to be used in community projects and within NGOs as a means to bond groups in social conflict despite the lack evidence to support their actions. The belief in the positive power of music has influenced behaviour so that musical activity is included in peace work. Indeed, belief can be seen as a prime motivator of behaviour in most sectors of the world, much more so than hard evidence. This thesis is an exploration of the social processes that occur in musical experiences that affect memory, identity and emotions and how they affect understanding and belief which in turn affects group behaviour. The research is inter-disciplinary, drawing on music sociology, social movements, cultural studies, ethno-musicology and conflict theory, and data was collected using qualitative methods (ethnographic interviewing, action research, observation/participation, grounded theory). The fieldwork was conducted with an inter-religious choir in Sarajevo, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and a comparative study conducted with a world-music community choir in London, UK.

The study investigated the cognitive opinions expressed by consumers in an online shopping environment in the sport supplementation industry as well as the influence certain factors identified through literature, had on the decision-making of these consumers. This was done in an attempt to better understand the online consumer in order to improve marketing campaigns within an e-Commerce environment. Primary data was collected by means of a snowball sampling strategy. Respondents were asked to complete an online questionnaire that consisted of 68 questions. 118 respondents initialized the online questionnaire and 102 fully completed it. Initial analysis proved the data to be sufficient for factor analysis where after confirmatory factor analysis was performed. A new framework to measure influential factors in an online environment was established. 6 out of 10 factors were found to contain sub-groups of influence which suggests that certain questions pertaining to those factors need improvement or rephrasing in order to measure the stand-alone factor more accurately. The reliability of all the factors was measured adequately, noting that Service Quality, Product Risk and Vendor Familiarity could be improved by further developing their underlying variables. Overall it was concluded that Price and Convenience were seen as the greatest motivational factors when a consumer decided to shop online, and Vendor Familiarity and Website Usability were regarded as two crucial components in the comfort level portrayed by consumers while shopping online. Trust and Security were also pointed out to be a major concern for online shoppers in a South African context. The findings of this study are of great value to entrepreneurs and businesses alike seeking to expand or increase their product offering into an online environment. Given the research results from this study and future studies on this topic, marketing strategies can be constructed more precisely in order to reach a target audience in an optimum and more productive manner. / MBA, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

The aim of this study was to assess life satisfaction and coping behaviour of orphaned children. The study used a quantitative cross sectional survey research design. The sample comprised 466 participants including both male and female orphans (n= 235) and a control group of non-orphaned (n=231) children selected from primary and secondary schools in Mafikeng.The age of participants ranged from 9 to 16 years. Test of significance including student t- test and chi-test analysis were used to verify the study hypotheses. Results showed that, non-orphaned children report higher levels of life satisfaction and cope better compared to orphaned children. It was also found that gender does not play any significant role in determining life satisfaction and coping of orphaned children. Lastly, satisfaction with life of orphaned children is not dependent on the children's age, however the coping behaviour depends on the age of individuals. Recommendations were made in line with the findings of the study. / Thesis (M.Soc.Sc.(Clinical Psychology) North-West University, Mafikeng campus, 2013

The study investigated the cognitive opinions expressed by consumers in an online shopping environment in the sport supplementation industry as well as the influence certain factors identified through literature, had on the decision-making of these consumers. This was done in an attempt to better understand the online consumer in order to improve marketing campaigns within an e-Commerce environment. Primary data was collected by means of a snowball sampling strategy. Respondents were asked to complete an online questionnaire that consisted of 68 questions. 118 respondents initialized the online questionnaire and 102 fully completed it. Initial analysis proved the data to be sufficient for factor analysis where after confirmatory factor analysis was performed. A new framework to measure influential factors in an online environment was established. 6 out of 10 factors were found to contain sub-groups of influence which suggests that certain questions pertaining to those factors need improvement or rephrasing in order to measure the stand-alone factor more accurately. The reliability of all the factors was measured adequately, noting that Service Quality, Product Risk and Vendor Familiarity could be improved by further developing their underlying variables. Overall it was concluded that Price and Convenience were seen as the greatest motivational factors when a consumer decided to shop online, and Vendor Familiarity and Website Usability were regarded as two crucial components in the comfort level portrayed by consumers while shopping online. Trust and Security were also pointed out to be a major concern for online shoppers in a South African context. The findings of this study are of great value to entrepreneurs and businesses alike seeking to expand or increase their product offering into an online environment. Given the research results from this study and future studies on this topic, marketing strategies can be constructed more precisely in order to reach a target audience in an optimum and more productive manner. / MBA, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder diagnosed in childhood. It is largely accepted that ADHD is a product of gene-environment interactions and method of infant feeding has been proposed as a factor influencing the expression and/or severity of ADHD. The objectives of this study were to determine the relationship between infant feeding (i.e. formula feeding or breast feeding) and subsequent hyperactive/inattentive (H/I) behaviours and ADHD diagnosis and if the relationship between infant feeding and academic performance is moderated by H/I scale score. This study used data from the 2000/1, 2002/3, 2006/7 and 2008/9 cycles of the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (NLSCY) (n= 3,895) to follow children longitudinally from the age of 0 to 1 years old to 6 to 7 years old. Infant feeding at 0 to 1 years old, and child H/I score, ADHD diagnosis and academic performance scores at 6 to 7 years old were reported by the biological mother. Multivariable logistic and linear regression were used to determine the relationship between infant feeding and H/I score, ADHD and academic performance adjusting for a range of sociodemographic, birth and home environment factors. Breastfeeding for more than 12 months was found to be significantly associated with decreased H/I scale scores in the most adjusted model (OR=0.3; 95% CI 0.2-0.8, p<0.01). Infant feeding was not associated with ADHD diagnosis and there was no moderating effect of the H/I score on the relationship between breastfeeding and academic performance. A small proportion of mothers breastfeed beyond one year in Canada and this study shows that there might be important child benefits incurred by breastfeeding for longer than 12 months. / May 2016

Contexte : Les maladies cardiovasculaires dont l'angine et l'infarctus sont un fléau grandissant pour les Canadiens. En 2008, les femmes canadiennes sont 16% plus susceptibles de succomber à un infarctus que les hommes. Pour améliorer la qualité de vie des patients souffrant d'angine ou d'infarctus, la perfusion transluminale per cutanée (PTCA) s'avère le traitement de choix. Suite à celle-ci, il est recommandé d'effectuer des modifications d'habitudes de vie. Cependant, les femmes cardiaques devant modifier leurs habitudes de vie ont une perception de la maladie différente des hommes mais les caractéristiques présentes lors de changement d'habitude de vie ne sont pas connues. Le nouveau contexte de la PTCA n'est pas adapté à cette population grandissante. Objectif: Décrire les caractéristiques présentes lors d'un changement dans le processus de modification de comportements à risque des femmes ayant subi une PTCA. Méthodologie : Cette étude descriptive. L'échantillon non probabiliste de convenance est composé de 22 femmes (X= 65.4 ans) ayant subi une PTCA au CHUS-Fleurimont. Toutes les participantes complétaient le même questionnaire à 1- 2 semaines (Tl) et à 4 mois post-PTCA (T2) lors d'une rencontre à leur domicile. Les questions évaluaient les trois habitudes de vie en lien avec l'alimentation, l'activité physique et le tabagisme ainsi que les principales caractéristiques pouvant être présentes lors d'une modification de comportement à risque (soutien des proches, perception de la maladie, fatigue, dépression, stress, optimisme, variables sociodémographiques, facilitants et barrières perçues par les participantes). Des statistiques descriptives ont été réalisées. Des tests non paramétriques (a = 0.05) ont été faits pour comparer les participantes entre le Tl et le T2 (Wilcoxon) puis des sous-groupes de celles-ci en fonction de leur motivation à modifier leurs comportements à risque à T2 (Mann-Withney et Krustall-Wallis). Les données qualitatives ont été regroupées par catégorie à l'aide d'une analyse de contenu. Résultats : Les femmes de l'étude identifient plus de symptômes de la maladie, sont plus fatiguées (p=0.01) et plus stressées (p=0.04) au Tl (p=0.000) qu'au T2. Celles-ci perçoivent leur maladie cardiaque comme chronique (p=0.006) et ont une meilleure compréhension de celle-ci (p=0.007) 4 mois suivant la PTCA. Le soutien des professionnels de la santé ainsi que les programmes de réadaptation cardiaque sont perçus comme des facilitants à la modification de comportement au même titre que celui de la famille et des amis. Les symptômes physiques (douleurs aux jambes, au dos, etc.) et les symptômes dépressifs sont identifiés comme des barrières à la modification de comportement. Conclusion : Cette étude a permis de faire ressortir certaines caractéristiques présentes tant en post-PTCA que lors d'un changement dans le processus de modification de comportement. D'autres études doivent cependant être conduite afin de valider ces caractéristiques auprès d'un plus grand échantillon et ainsi pouvoir proposer des interventions infirmières d'enseignements solides et structurés à partir de solides assises sur les caractéristiques associées aux femmes ayant subi une PTCA.

Thesis (MTh)--Stellenbosch University, 2015. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study examines the value that body theology can add to an inclusive understanding of sexuality in adolescence. Sexuality was understood differently throughout different periods in time, but even today there is still no real clarity on what is meant by the term sexuality. Sexuality is a difficult term to define and its meaning plays an important role in the way people treat each other. Throughout the different periods the church has largely been either silent about sexuality or considered it a sin. As a result the church would not necessarily be seen as a good resource for advice on sexual matters. Adolescents go through a dramatic period of developing on a physical, cognitive and moral level, which all occur simultaneously, but sexual development is the most prominent. Sexual development prepares adolescents on a physical level to reproduce and to enter into sexual relationships, but cognitive and moral development also takes place; these two processes are supportive for the adolescent to understand and process the sexual development. These developing processes, together with the context in which an adolescent is growing up, has an impact on the type of moral value system compiled by adolescents, which determines how they behave. As already mentioned, the church is not necessarily involved in these discussions, and therefore this study challenges the churches to become involved again by making use of body theology. The research question can be formulated as follows: What contribution can body theology make to promote an inclusive understanding of sexuality during adolescence? To answer the research question, the first objective is discussed in chapter 2, namely to give a historical overview to obtain an understanding of sexuality and see how the understanding of sexuality changed over the different periods, but also to see that there were certain times when the understanding of sexuality was the same. The second objective is discussed in chapter 3, where the focus is on a historical overview of the understanding of the body. This historical overview is discussed to understand that the body often stood in an ambiguous position and dualisms formed part of the understanding of the body, but it also affects a deeper understanding of life. In chapter 4, the third objective is discussed by examining the centrality of sexual development during adolescence to understand the important role that sexual development plays in the adolescent's life, but also to realise that it affects other aspects of life. The fourth objective is discussed in chapter 5, which contains the discussion of body theology to indicate how it can promote an inclusive understanding of sexuality. This chapter also discusses how body theology developed and the importance of the body in body theology. Chapter 6 includes conclusions and recommendations, such as that youth workers and church leaders need to recognise their own understanding of sexuality and the body, but that body theology can promote an inclusive understanding of sexuality if youth workers and church leaders are able to make a theological shift and use body theology as a theological lens. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie ondersoek die waarde wat liggaamsteologie tot ʼn inklusiewe verstaan van seksualiteit tydens adolessensie kan byvoeg. Seksualiteit is deur verskillende tydperke verskillend verstaan, maar daar is selfs vandag nog nie werklik uitsluitsel van wat met die term seksualiteit bedoel word nie. Seksualiteit is ʼn moeilike term om te definieer en die verstaan daarvan speel ʼn belangrike rol in die wyse waarop mense mekaar hanteer. Die kerk was grootliks deur die verskillende tydperke óf stil oor seksualiteit óf het dit as ʼn sonde beskou, met die gevolg dat die kerk nie noodwendig as ʼn goeie hulpbron vir raad rakende seksuele sake beskou word nie. Adolessente gaan deur ʼn dramatiese tydperk waar alle ontwikkelingsprosesse, waarvan die seksuele ontwikkeling die prominentste is, gelyktydig plaasvind. Die seksuele ontwikkeling berei adolessente liggaamlik voor om voort te plant en in seksuele verhoudings te tree, maar kognitiewe en morele ontwikkeling vind ook plaas; hierdie twee prosesse is ondersteunend vir die adolessent om die seksuele ontwikkeling te kan verstaan en verwerk. Hierdie ontwikkelingsprosesse, tesame met die konteks waarin ʼn adolessent groot word, het ʼn invloed op die tipe morele waardestelsel wat adolessente saamstel, en wat bepaal hoe hulle optree. Soos reeds genoem, is die kerk nie noodwendig betrokke by hierdie gesprekke nie, en daarom stel hierdie studie voor dat kerke weer betrokke moet raak deur gebruik te maak van liggaamsteologie. Die navorsingsvraag kan soos volg geformuleer word: Watter bydrae kan liggaamsteologie maak tot die bevordering van ʼn inklusiewe verstaan van seksualiteit tydens adolessensie? Om die navorsingsvraag te beantwoord word die eerste doelstelling, om ʼn historiese oorsig oor die verstaan van seksualiteit te kry, om te sien hoe die verstaan van seksualiteit oor verskillende tydperke verander het, maar ook op sekere tye dieselfde verstaan van seksualiteit gehandaaf is, in hoofstuk 2 bespreek. Die tweede doelstelling word in hoofstuk 3 bespreek, waar die fokus op ʼn historiese oorsig van die verstaan van die liggaam val. Die historiese oorsig oor die verstaan van die liggaam word bespreek om ook te verstaan dat die liggaam baie keer in ʼn dubbelsinnige posisie gestaan het en dat dualismes deel gevorm het van die verstaan daarvan, maar dat dit ook verdere verstaan van die lewe beïnvloed het. In hoofstuk 4 word die derde doelstelling bespreek deur die sentrale rol van seksuele ontwikkeling tydens adolessensie te ondersoek om te verstaan watter belangrike rol seksuele ontwikkeling in die adolessent se lewe speel, maar ook dat dit ander aspekte van die lewe beïnvloed. Die vierde doelstelling word bespreek in hoofstuk 5, wat die bespreking van liggaamsteologie bevat om aan te dui hoe dit ʼn inklusiewe verstaan van seksualiteit kan bevorder. In hierdie hoofstuk word daar ook bespreek hoe liggaamsteologie ontstaan het en wat die belangrikheid van die liggaam in liggaamsteologie is. Hoofstuk 6 sluit die studie af met gevolgtrekkings en aanbevelings soos dat jeugwerkers en gemeenteleiers bewus moet word van hulle eie verstaan van seksualiteit en die liggaam, maar ook dat liggaamsteologie ʼn inklusiewe verstaan van seksualiteit kan bevorder, indien jeugwerkers en gemeenteleiers ʼn teologiese skuif maak en liggaamteologie as ʼn teologiese lens gebruik.