Magister Pharmaceuticae - MPharm / The objective of the study was to perform a comparative review of pathways, timelines and improvements of countries with markets that the South African Health Products Authority (SAHPRA) benchmark themselves against. Furthermore, this study intends to identify the factors that improved and accelerated submissions and approval process in investigated countries and potential introduction of these strategies into the South African market.

This study expresses the need for a communications model created specifically for government communications that is centered on the concept of transparency. However, it also recognizes the previous research done pertaining to government communications and public relations. Importantly, the study recognizes the lack of trust in American government at city, state and federal levels and the need to improve trust, which is very closely related to transparency. The study focuses primarily on a model created in 2007 called the three-dimensional model for government communications. The model has four parts: the base of the model is the need to value transparency; the other three parts are communication practices, provision of resources, and organizational support. This study seeks to test and quantify the three-dimensional model through the creation of a survey based on the four parts of the three-dimensional model. The study seeks to determine if by following the guidelines established in the three-dimensional model a city will be more transparent. The findings come from the point of view of city communicators. Over two hundred city communicators from the largest cities in America participated in the study. The findings show that following the tenets of the three-dimensional model does in fact lead to greater transparency. Although the study only surveyed government communicators at the city level, the findings are important to government communicators at all levels of government. The study illustrates the importance of creating a communications plan that is based on transparency and the three-dimensional model. It also illustrates that the frustrations found at the federal level are similar to those faced at the city level. The study also sheds light on the need for future research pertaining to government communications.

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This thesis explores Canada’s regulatory response to modern slavery in global supply chains. It investigates the factors which influenced Canada to enact transparency modern slavery legislation. It also analyzes Canada’s strategy of utilizing multiple soft and hard law governance and regulatory techniques to strengthen its response to modern slavery. Using a theoretical framework which combines global governance and regulation literature with literature regarding the national institutionalization of global norms, this thesis examines how international actors that comprise the global anti-slavery network disseminate anti-slavery and corporate accountability norms. These norms are subsequently filtered through a country’s domestic political economy, and are translated into either transparency or mandatory human rights due diligence (MHRDD) legislation. The qualitative methods used in this thesis were documentary analysis and key informant interviews. Key informant interviews in conjunction with an analysis of relevant reports and parliamentary debates provided insight into the influences behind Canada’s enactment of various governance and regulatory techniques. Doctrinal legal analysis, and an assessment of the various techniques implemented in Canada, revealed the effectiveness of the individual techniques and how they interacted with each other. This thesis found that Canada adopted a transparency law due to a combination of: (1) International norm diffusion via an epistemic, global anti-slavery network; and (2) Canada’s unique domestic political economy. Features of Canada’s domestic political economy, including its affiliation as part of the Anglosphere, and its powerful mining industry, ultimately determined the enactment of transparency legislation. The thesis also found that Canada’s use of multiple, increasingly hard law governance and regulatory techniques is currently ineffective as these techniques do not complement each other, and actually weaken Canada’s regulatory response to modern slavery. Consequently, labour standards have not improved for supply chain workers. This thesis posits that Canada should prioritize centering and empowering workers to protect their own rights. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / This project explores the factors which influenced Canada to enact a transparency modern slavery law. The law requires companies to report their efforts to ensure their supply chains are slavery free. This project also evaluates Canada’s overall strategy of using multiple regulatory techniques to fight modern slavery in global supply chains. Interviews with key informants, as well as an analysis of the relevant documents and regulatory techniques, revealed two main findings. Firstly, Canada adopted transparency legislation due to a combination of global and domestic factors, with domestic factors such as Canada’s ties to the United Kingdom, and its powerful mining industry, playing a more significant role. Secondly, Canada’s use of multiple regulatory techniques to fight modern slavery is currently ineffective, as these techniques do not complement each other, and are failing to improve labour standards in supply chains. This project suggests prioritizing empowering workers to protect their own rights.

This thesis discusses the topic of transparency of corporate foundations in the Czech Republic. This aspect of corporate foundations' activity is important mainly for gaining public trust and legitimacy in the society. The transparency is defined and subsequently researched as disclosure and accessibility of information about foundation on the internet. The purpose of this work is to analyse the level of corporate foundations' transparency and the association of the level of transparency with selected characteristics of foundations and their founding firms. The first, theoretical part describes theoretical background of corporate foundations and transparency including its indicators and determinants. The second, empirical part describes the research, its results and conclusions. The research population consists of all corporate foundations founded in the Czech Republic up to 2014. Two types of transparency were analysed; financial and performance transparency, which were made up of selected indicators. Analysed determinants of transparency were foundation size, foundation age, foundation board size, firm's foreign activity, firm size. Correlation analyses and independent samples tests were used to test the hypothesis. The results suggest higher level of performance transparency in comparison with...

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During the last decade, a number of U.S. government officials have been using modern technology, such as personal email accounts and computers, to evade certain transparency legislation. Similar tendencies of strategic evasiveness can also be identified in Sweden. By comparing U.S. and Swedish history, legislation, and specific modern examples, I reach the conclusion that with regards to governmental accountability, modern technology presents both positive and negative aspects. While modern technology gives government officials a way of preventing sensitive or embarrassing information to be released, or otherwise further a hidden political agenda, it also provides private organizations and individuals with various ways of keeping government accountable. In order to minimize the negative effects, issues such as incentive structures, technological boundaries, court review, and the general scope of government need to be considered.

The use of chemicals in the textile industry is increasingly recognized as a problem and a matter of public concern. A proper EU policy on the subject is still missing. However, as testified by the number of self-organized communities and activist campaigns emerging around this theme, a demand for higher transparency is rising from the base of society. A kit made of a new label graphic; a hyperspectral camera and a mobile app have been design as a possible strategy to allow fashion companies to better meet the needs of their consumers. This final configuration opens up for a reflection about design practice, trust and transparency.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

The diploma project focuses on lobbying and its regulation in both the Czech Republic and in selected developed countries. The introductory section contains a theoretical analysis of the definition of lobbying, the kinds of consequences, analysis of the draft law on lobbying in 2009 and a description of the regulation of lobbying in selected developed countries and the EU. In the second part area for lobbying in the legislative process is approached through a case study. The final section contains a questionnaire aimed at the general opinion of respondents on lobbying, especially views on lobbying terminology, methods of lobbying, as well as on regulation of lobbying in the Czech Republic and the EU. On this basis, some conclusions are formulated that may contribute to the development of the lobbying culture in the country.