Corruption has gained attention around the world as a prominent issue. This is because corruption has greatly affected several countries. Following the exploration of various definitions and types of corruption, this thesis focuses on two efforts to rein in “grand corruption”, also known as executive corruption. The thesis is informed by existing theories of corruption as well as anti-corruption agencies and then situates Peru’s experience with corruption in its theoretical context and its broader Latin American context. This work conducts a comparative analysis and follows a process-tracing approach to examine and evaluate Peru’s recent anti-corruption agencies and their effectiveness in holding politically powerful people to account. An analysis is made regarding the efforts of two presidents who claimed to be committed to battling corruption; however, each had different motivations and operated under different circumstances. These differences are showcased in the following influential pillars: institutional design, funding, and oversight within the National Anti-Corruption Commission (CNA) and the Superior Court of Justice Specialized in Organized Crime and Corruption (CSJ).

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Whenever data is stored or transmitted, it inevitably encounters noise that can lead to harmful corruption. The communication technologies rely on decoding the data using Error Correcting Codes (ECC) that enable the rectification of noise to retrieve the original message. Maximum Likelihood (ML) decoding has proven to be optimally accurate, but it has not been adopted due to the lack of a feasible implementation arising from its computational complexity. It has been established that ML decoding of arbitrary linear codes is a Nondeterministic Polynomial-time (NP) hard problem. As a result, many code-specific decoders have been developed as an approximation of an ML decoder. This code-centric decoding approach leads to a hardware implementation that tightly couples with a specific code structure. Recently proposed Guessing Random Additive Noise Decoding (GRAND) offers a solution by establishing a noise-centric decoding approach, thereby making it a universal ML decoder. Both the soft-detection and hard-detection variants of GRAND have shown to be capacity achieving for any moderate redundancy arbitrary code. This thesis claims that GRAND can be efficiently implemented in hardware with low complexity while offering significantly higher energy efficiency than state-of-the-art code-centric decoders. In addition to being hardware-friendly, GRAND offers high parallelizability that can be chosen according to the throughput requirement making it flexible for a wide range of applications. To support this claim, this thesis presents custom-designed energy-efficient integrated circuits and hardware architectures for the family of GRAND algorithms. The universality of the algorithm is demonstrated through measurements across various codebooks for different channel conditions. Furthermore, we employ the noise recycling technique in both hard-detection and soft-detection scenarios to improve the decoding by exploiting the temporal noise correlations. Using the fabricated chips, we demonstrate that employing noise recycling with GRAND significantly reduces energy and latency, while providing additional gains in decoding performance. Efficient integrated architectures of GRAND will significantly reduce the hardware complexity while future-proofing a device so that it can decode any forthcoming code. The noise-centric decoding approach overcomes the need for code standardization making it adaptable for a wide range of applications. A single GRAND chip can replace all existing decoders, offering competitive decoding performance while also providing significantly higher energy and area efficiency. / 2026-05-23T00:00:00Z

These stories examine the lives of working class people in light of the current economic and social climate. They address and attempt to empathize with the despair and disillusionment many working class Americans express in response to their economic and social realities, and the stories attempt to walk a non-judgmental line regarding the attitudes these characters espouse. Instead of judging the characters or championing a particular moral stance, the pieces attempt to present individuals faced with major failures: child abandonment, guilt over preventable death, overriding selfishness, racism, and shame regarding social status. These failures of character or morality echo the larger failings, as the characters perceive them, of their time and place. Within this worldview of disillusionment and despair, many of the characters in these stories choose to struggle toward self-betterment—not economic or social betterment per se, but individual betterment, a reckoning with themselves and their failures that necessarily reflects and interacts with the world they inhabit. These are stories rooted in the Midwest and its rust-belt inhabitants, but for all their contemporary socio-economic concerns, the stories are first and foremost concerned with the individual and representing each individual portrayed accurately and honestly. / Master of Fine Arts

This paper deals with a study of the ranch lands in Cooke, Wise, Denton, and Montague Counties, which are located in the North Grand Prairie of Texas.

Au cours des 40 dernières années, il est devenu de plus en plus clair que la divergence d'expression génique est l'un des mécanismes impliqués dans l'émergence de nouvelles espèces. Chez le grand corégone (Coregonus clupeaformis), des expériences réalisées sur puce à ADN ont mené à l'identification de gènes candidats potentiellement impliqués dans l'évolution répétée du corégone nain limnétique, qui est extrêmement différent du corégone normal benthique en termes d'histoire de vie, de morphologie, de métabolisme et de comportement, malgré un temps de divergence de seulement 15 000 ans. Dans ce contexte, le premier objectif de cette thèse était de tester l'hypothèse selon laquelle l'adaptation parallèle à la niche limnétique chez les corégoninés est associée à un parallélisme d'expression des gènes. Une divergence d'expression parallèle entre paires d'espèces de corégone pour trois gènes candidats a été observée, supportant ainsi l'hypothèse selon laquelle la sélection naturelle divergente joue un rôle important dans l'évolution de ces poissons. Le second objectif était d'évaluer la divergence transcriptomique entre nains et normaux telle que mesurée par séquençage à haut débit en plus de tester la corrélation entre la divergence d'expression et de séquence codante. Les résultats ont démontré qu'une telle corrélation était inexistante. Il y aurait donc découplage évolutif des séquences codantes et régulatrices dans la divergence adaptative du grand corégone. Pourtant, certains gènes, tels que la malate déshydrogénase (MDH), avaient une divergence significative d'expression et de séquence. La construction et le criblage d'une banque génomique BAC ont permis de sequencer en entier certains gènes candidats, dont MDH. Le dernier objectif était donc d'identifier des signatures de sélection naturelle dans les séquences codante et régulatrice de ce gène. Alors que sa région codante était clairement sous sélection purificatrice, un site polymorphe dans sa région régulatrice avait des fréquences d'alleles divergentes de façon parallèle parmi plusieurs paires sympatriques de corégones nord-américains et européens. De plus, le génotype pour ce site semblait associé au niveau d'expression de MDH. Ces résultats appuient le rôle de la sélection naturelle dans l'évolution de l'expression génique chez les paires d'espèces de corégone.