Despite advances breast cancer management, it remains a leading cause of death in women globally. Breast cancer is molecularly heterogeneous with some subtypes that are challenging to therapeutically target. This necessitates identification and validation of novel targets for breast cancer therapy. This study hypothesised that Popeye domain-containing (POPDC) proteins are dysregulated to promote breast malignancy. The study aimed to determine the potential of POPDC proteins as novel targets for inhibiting breast cancer cell migration and proliferation. Western blot and immunofluorescence assays demonstrated that POPDC1 and POPDC2 were significantly suppressed in malignant breast cells relative to non-malignant breast cells. In ductal carcinoma tissues, POPDC1 was significantly suppressed without correlation to clinical progression. In contrast, POPDC2 and POPDC3 were overexpressed in ductal carcinoma tissues and significantly correlated to HER2+ status and high tumour grade. Secondly, cell membrane expression of POPDC1 and POPDC2 were significantly reduced in malignant cells instead shifted to endosomal trafficking vesicles. Thirdly, suppression and gain of function studies showed that POPDC suppression significantly promoted cell migration and proliferation, while gain of POPDC function significantly inhibited cell migration and proliferation. The study also demonstrated that cAMP interacted with POPDC1, regulates POPDC1 expression levels and potentially controls POPDC1-mediated inhibition of cell migration and proliferation in breast cancer. Finally, this study showed for the first time that EGFR negatively regulates POPDC1 expression in breast cancer cells and the overexpression of POPDC1 can reduce EGFR-mediated cell migration and proliferation in breast cancer cells. In conclusion, POPDC protein expression, localisation and functions change in breast cancer. POPDC1 was also identified as a novel therapeutic target for inhibiting breast cancer cell migration and proliferation that could potentially be targeted to inhibit EGFR-driven breast malignancy. The study also demonstrated POPDC2 and POPDC3 are dysregulated in breast cancer, but in a less consistent and more complex manner.

Esta dissertação analisa textos publicados em periódicos de Geografia no período entre o final da Segunda Guerra Mundial e o início do Regime Militar no Brasil, relacionados direta ou indiretamente com as questões referentes às políticas imigratórias brasileiras. A partir dessa análise, procura-se fornecer subsídios que auxiliem numa melhor compreensão do debate referente a essas questões no período abrangido, enfocando o papel dos geógrafos e demais intelectuais ligados à discussão desses temas.A primeira parte deste trabalho, portanto, se ocupa da contextualização histórica dos debates em torno das políticas imigratórias brasileiras, abarcando o momento histórico imediatamente anterior do Estado Novo e as questões demográficas do período estudado, bem como a dinâmica imigratória do pós-Segunda Guerra Mundial. A seguir, há a análise propriamente dita dos artigos dos periódicos de Geografia analisados, o Boletim Geográfico e a Revista Brasileira de Geografia do IBGE (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística) e os boletins das filiais da AGB (Associação Brasileira de Geógrafos) do Rio de Janeiro e de São Paulo. O texto se divide em quatro capítulos, sendo que o primeiro consiste em considerações sobre as políticas imigratórias adotadas durante o Estado Novo e as transformações demográficas do pós-Segunda Guerra, até o ano de 1964. O segundo capítulo aborda a imigração para o Brasil ocorrida entre 1945 e 1964. No terceiro capítulo há a análise do debate das políticas imigratórias nos periódicos de Geografia, enfocando abordagens sistemáticas de políticas de imigração, o que se segue ao estudo dos temas recorrentes a esse debate, que é visto em maiores detalhes no último capítulo. / This dissertation examines texts published in journals of Geography in the period between the end of the Second World War and the beginning of the military regime in Brazil, related directly or indirectly with issues relating to Brazilian immigration policies. From this analysis it seeks to provide subsidies that help in a better understanding of the debate concerning these issues in the period, focusing on the role of geographers and other intellectuals linked to the discussion of these topics. The first part of this paper, therefore, deals with the historical context of the discussions on the immigration policies of Brazil, covering the historic moment immediately before the Estado Novo and population issues of the period studied, as well as the dynamics of the immigration post-Second World War. Then there is the proper analysis of articles in the journals of Geography reviewed, the Boletim Geográfico and the Revista Brasileira de Geografia from the IBGE (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística) and the bulletins of the subsidiaries of AGB (Associação Brasileira de Geógrafos) of Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo. The text is divided into four chapters, being the first of considerations on the immigration policies adopted during the Estado Novo and the changing demographics of the post-Second War, by the year of 1964. The second chapter deals with immigration to Brazil occurred between 1945 and 1964. In the third chapter there is the analysis of the debate on the immigration policies in the journals of Geography, focusing on systematic approaches to immigration policies, which follows the study of recurring themes in this debate, which is seen in greater detail in the last chapter.

The tethered-flight technique used previously for studies of the factors regulating the flight performance of Spodoptera exem_p ýto moths was improved and developed to increase reliability and incorporate computerised datalogging permitting faster and more extensive analysis. Larvae of S. exempta show a density-dependent phase polyphenism and tee ect of larval phase on adult flight was examined. A consistently greater flight performance was observed in female moths reared as re aria larvae compared with those reared as solitaria, but no significant effect was found in males. The distribution of flight durations was examined and found to be log-normal. Using normalised data the heritability of flight duration was estimated in a number of strains. Significant heritabilities were obtained for flights beginning before, but generally not after, midnight when radar observations in the field have shown flights achieving substantial displacements to occur. It is suggested that prolonged flights in the laboratory which start before midnight and whose durations are under genetic regulation represent migratory flights in the field. Shorter flights, particularly those starting after midnight, achieve local redistribution of moths, some of them possibly representing the "pluming" behaviour observed using radar. Flight duration was shown to respond to selection for both short and long flight. The Fl generations of the lines of four strains selected for increased flight capacity revealed a bimodal distribution of flight durations indicating two types of moth. It is suggested that a major gene could account for this effect and that-the longer fliers represent potential migrants while the shorter fliers are capable only of flights achieving local dispersal. The effect of flight on the fecundity of females was examined. It was found that in moths subsequently fed water (necessary for oocyte development), a decrease in fecundity resulted which was related to the duration of flight. In moths fed sucrose fecundity was maintained at the level of unflown moths. These results are discussed in relation to the behaviour and ecology of S. exempta in East Africa and the prospects for the success of a regional approach to its control.

This thesis is about processes and lived experiences of inhabiting urban contexts deeply and continuously impacted by migration driven population changes. It builds on an ethnographic study of a neighbourhood in Istanbul known as Kumkapı, which over recent decades has emerged as a zone of arrival and initial settlement for successive new waves of migrants coming from an ever more expanding geography. Consequently, today it stands as one of Istanbul's most diverse residential neighbourhoods, with its population differentiated on innumerable fronts including ethnicity, religion, race, gender and age composition, legal rights and statuses, migration channels and intentions, employment opportunities, and the like. In this dissertation I apply a novel theoretical approach drawing on the concept of dwelling for understanding how residents of Kumkapı relate to their environment and make sense of it. I propose three lines of argument that unfold sequentially through the organizing structure of the thesis. Firstly, I argue that comprehending urban contexts of migration driven diversity through a dwelling lens allows one to recognize the different temporalities that are at play in shaping the present moment. There are multiple pasts and futures inhabiting the present, shaping material forms, daily rhythms, systems of differentiation, and socialization patterns. Secondly, I argue that a dwelling lens positions the private sphere at the centre of diversification processes and recognizes space beyond its containing capacities. The ethnography explores the diverse reasons, conditions and temporalities of inhabiting Kumkapı today and how this diversity in turn leads to a breadth of residential practices. Thirdly, I argue that dwelling in urban contexts of migration driven diversity is very often characterized by a deep sense of ambivalence and continuous acts of balancing to cope with these conflicting factors simultaneously infringing upon people's lives. In building these arguments, the thesis draws together migration and urban research both within and outside anthropology in a novel way, while also contributing to scholarly debates on various themes including, home and housing, ethnicity, race, gender, informality and conviviality.

We adapted the chord diagram plot to visualize China's recent inter-provincial migration during 2010-2015. The arrowheads were added to present the direction of the flows. This method allows us to show the complete migration flows between 31 provinces in China including the direction and volume of the flows. The spatial component was also clearly depicted in the plot using four color palates representing four regions in China (i.e. East, Center, West, Northeast) and arranging the 31 provinces in an approximate geographic order. Besides that, we extend the chord diagram plot to describe China's bilateral net migration during 2010-2015.

Esta dissertação analisa textos publicados em periódicos de Geografia no período entre o final da Segunda Guerra Mundial e o início do Regime Militar no Brasil, relacionados direta ou indiretamente com as questões referentes às políticas imigratórias brasileiras. A partir dessa análise, procura-se fornecer subsídios que auxiliem numa melhor compreensão do debate referente a essas questões no período abrangido, enfocando o papel dos geógrafos e demais intelectuais ligados à discussão desses temas.A primeira parte deste trabalho, portanto, se ocupa da contextualização histórica dos debates em torno das políticas imigratórias brasileiras, abarcando o momento histórico imediatamente anterior do Estado Novo e as questões demográficas do período estudado, bem como a dinâmica imigratória do pós-Segunda Guerra Mundial. A seguir, há a análise propriamente dita dos artigos dos periódicos de Geografia analisados, o Boletim Geográfico e a Revista Brasileira de Geografia do IBGE (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística) e os boletins das filiais da AGB (Associação Brasileira de Geógrafos) do Rio de Janeiro e de São Paulo. O texto se divide em quatro capítulos, sendo que o primeiro consiste em considerações sobre as políticas imigratórias adotadas durante o Estado Novo e as transformações demográficas do pós-Segunda Guerra, até o ano de 1964. O segundo capítulo aborda a imigração para o Brasil ocorrida entre 1945 e 1964. No terceiro capítulo há a análise do debate das políticas imigratórias nos periódicos de Geografia, enfocando abordagens sistemáticas de políticas de imigração, o que se segue ao estudo dos temas recorrentes a esse debate, que é visto em maiores detalhes no último capítulo. / This dissertation examines texts published in journals of Geography in the period between the end of the Second World War and the beginning of the military regime in Brazil, related directly or indirectly with issues relating to Brazilian immigration policies. From this analysis it seeks to provide subsidies that help in a better understanding of the debate concerning these issues in the period, focusing on the role of geographers and other intellectuals linked to the discussion of these topics. The first part of this paper, therefore, deals with the historical context of the discussions on the immigration policies of Brazil, covering the historic moment immediately before the Estado Novo and population issues of the period studied, as well as the dynamics of the immigration post-Second World War. Then there is the proper analysis of articles in the journals of Geography reviewed, the Boletim Geográfico and the Revista Brasileira de Geografia from the IBGE (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística) and the bulletins of the subsidiaries of AGB (Associação Brasileira de Geógrafos) of Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo. The text is divided into four chapters, being the first of considerations on the immigration policies adopted during the Estado Novo and the changing demographics of the post-Second War, by the year of 1964. The second chapter deals with immigration to Brazil occurred between 1945 and 1964. In the third chapter there is the analysis of the debate on the immigration policies in the journals of Geography, focusing on systematic approaches to immigration policies, which follows the study of recurring themes in this debate, which is seen in greater detail in the last chapter.

No description available.

Objectives: The aim of this project was to examine tuberculosis (TB) treatment access among migrant and refugee populations in a Thai border province. To study TB control from a wider perspective, we also sought to understand how migrant and refugee cases are enumerated in the public health surveillance system and explored treatment providers’ responsiveness to treatment barriers. Methods: We used a concurrent mix-methods design with an overarching qualitative emphasis and an embedded smaller quantitative survey. To gain perspectives on treatment accessibility we conducted focus group discussions with TB, tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus co-infection (TB/HIV) and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) patients. We also held key informant interviews with TB treatment providers and public health officials in Tak province and did a survey of community health volunteers. We analyzed the data using thematic analysis and descriptive statistics. Results: We found that migrants are travelling long distances with active TB to seek treatment in Tak province and that legal status influences migrants’ eligibility for TB care. Migrants in our study reported more barriers to accessing TB treatment than refugees. TB/HIV and MDR-TB treatment options for migrants in Tak province are limited and are heavily reliant on donor funding. We found that migrant and refugee TB cases are under reported in the public health surveillance system. Organizations in Tak province are highly collaborative and we identified two NGOs who have developed programs that are responsive to migrants’ needs. Conclusions: Our research suggests that in Tak province, Thailand access to TB treatment occurs at the intersection of health system accessibility, population ability and legal status. Interventions to improve treatment access and adherence to TB treatment necessarily extend outside of the healthcare system and address the social determinants of health.

The purpose of this study has been to investigate individuals who have moved to Sweden from Bosnia and Serbia and how they identify themselves, if migration has affected their views on their identity and how they define their sense of belonging to Sweden and their home country. The study is conducted through a qualitative content analysis that addresses possible differences between individuals who moved to Sweden in the 1990s and individuals who moved to Sweden in the 21st century. The theoretical framework consists of theory whichs links identity and belonging, theory of migration, theory of diaspora and a theory about Swedishness. What our empiricial evidence shows in the analysis is that there are two different types of identity, that differences exist in how to identify primarily because of the length of time found in Sweden and that individual experiences of opportunities and challenges encountered in the new society is the basis for how one relates oneself in relation to their identity and belonging.

This study attempts to elucidate aspects of the complex relationship between internal migration and development in Sierra Leone, a country marked by pronounced dualism. It argues that internal migration and its developmental facets such as remittances should be examined within their socio-economic and ecological context. The major findings can be summarised as follows: 1. Interregional migration was shown to be positively and significantly correlated with a composite index encompassing social and economic dimensions of development. 2. Since the trends in migration and development in the two sets of regions delineated positive net migration/more developed and negative net migration/less developed - have been in force for at least two decades and show no signs of narrowing regional inequality, suggest disequilibrium rather than equilibrium tendencies. This feature of the migration process was confirmed by analysis performed at the local level, which explicitly took into account, socio-economic and ecological factors along with the effects of government policies on rural outmigration. 3. A study of the determinants of interregional migration for a whole system, Sierra Leone, and its component economic sub-systems underline the importance of taking into consideration development dimensions in such analyses, 4. Finally, on the role of remittances in development, the study established that - a. Overall, that there was a net transfer of resources from the urban to the rural areas; b. In-remittances were found to be important to poorer rural households; c. Remittances received were used mainly for consumption purposes; and d. For the decision to send remittances, the common, significant variables for rural and urban households were those showing ties with origin areas; while for the decision on the size of remittances, they were the income of the head of the household and whether an unskilled manual worker or not.